重组人干扰素—β的中试研究

从大肠杆菌中大规模纯化新型干扰素β(IFN-βser17).首先建立IFN-βser17发酵和纯化工艺,连续大量纯化三批,并对纯化终产品进行全面鉴定.建立了稳定的发酵和纯化工艺流程,中试三批菌产量平均为4.33g/L,IFNβser17的表达量平均为20%,经破碎、粗提、精制后IFN-βser17的比活达2×107IU/mg以上,纯度超过96%,其他检定项目也均符合规程要求.     

重组人干扰素βser17工程菌发酵培养条件的优化研究

实验对重组人干扰素βser17(rhIFNβser17)工程菌的发酵培养条件进行了研究,通过实验优化确定了适宜rhIFNβser17表达的培养基、诱导剂使用浓度、诱导时期和诱导后的收获时间等,建立了发酵培养工艺,并在50L发酵罐进行了中试发酵,菌体收获量湿重达13.08g/L,rhIFNβser17表达量占菌体总蛋白的20.2%,纯化后比活性达2×107IU/mg蛋白以上,为进一步的下游开发奠定了基础。     

人一β干扰素结构基因的定向点突变

用简单而高效的“缺口双链DNA”的定向点突变方法,将IFN-β结构基因编码17位cys的密码TGT改成编码ser的AGT。变异株用合成的诱变引物作为探针来筛选,由Hinf I酶切电泳图谱分析及DNA顺序的测定得到证实。变异率为11％。在大肠杆菌表达的lFN-βser17的抗病毒活力明显高于在相同宿主菌中表达的lFN-β的抗病毒活力。     

注射用重组人干扰素βser17的分离纯化及鉴定

重组人干扰素βser17(rhIFN βser17)工程菌经发酵培养后,采用高压匀浆破菌、离心分离包涵体、有机抽提、酸沉淀、SephacrylS -200、SephadexG -75等进行分离纯化,通过各种方法对终产品进行鉴定。结果显示,纯化的rhIFN- βser17比活性超过 2×107IU/mg,纯度超过 99%,其它各项质量指标均符合质量标准。通过研究建立了大规模制备rhIFN- βser17的纯化工艺,研制出了符合规程要求的注射用rhIFN -βser17纯品,为临床研究奠定了基础。     

突变型人白细胞介素-2基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

为了提高人重组白细胞介素 2的稳定性和活性以及减少毒副作用 ,有必要定向改造rhIL 2的分子结构 .用PCR法从白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )cDNA全序列中扩增成熟的肽基因片段 ,并利用定点突变技术将人重组白细胞介素 2第 12 5位游离的半胱氨酸编码序列突变为丙氨酸序列 .编码 18位亮氨酸的序列突变为蛋氨酸序列 ;编码 19位亮氨酸的序列突变为丝氨酸序列 .突变型人白细胞介素 2 (MvIL 2 )基因与表达载体pPIC9K重组 ,酶切线性化后用Invitrogen转化毕赤酵母试剂盒导入酵母细胞进行整合 ,经筛选得到一高表达白介素 2的克隆 .SDS PAGE显示 ,表达量约占总量的4 5 7% .经Western印迹验证 ,重组人白介素 2有免疫活性 ;与野生型IL 2相比 ,所获得的突变型IL 2纯品的比活性为 4 0× 10 7IU mg蛋白 ,比天然型IL 2高 4～ 5倍     

重组人α2a干扰素的高效表达与纯化

构建了人α2a型干扰素的表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,表达量平均为10~ IU/L菌液。还对其表达产物进行了纯化。经盐酸胍裂解菌体、硫酸铵沉淀、酸化处理,再经阴、阳离子交换层析和单克隆抗体亲和层析,使表达产物纯化了1072倍,比活性达1.2×IO~ IU/mg蛋白,达到序列纯,回收率达54％。表达产物N端21个氨基酸序列分析结果与IFN-α2a cDNA推导的序列相符合。     

干扰素-β1b的高效表达、纯化及抗病毒活性研究

IFN-β1b是大肠杆菌产生的17位Cys被Ser替换的人IFN-β的类似物,为了获得高表达,使用了大肠杆菌的偏爱密码子,人工合成了IFN-β-1b基因,插入质粒pBV220中,转化大肠杆菌DH5α.IFN-β1b的制备过程,包括发酵和一系列的纯化步骤.经修饰,IFN-β1b基因在启动子PRPL控制下发酵表达,合成的蛋白质以包涵体的形式存在.培养的细菌经收集、裂解后,将包涵体释放出来,包涵体经含SDS的溶液溶解,DTT还原.纯化过程包括有机溶剂抽提、分子筛层析、脱盐、氧化复性和反相层析,并用旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂.IFN-β-1b在不同种系来源的细胞上显示不同的抗病毒活性.     

不同型别的基因工程干扰素抗病毒活性的比较

对大肠杆菌生产的不同型别的基因工程干扰素rIFN-α1(α1)、rIFN-αA(αA)、rIFN-β17ser(β17ser)和rIFN-γ(γ),以及自然人白细胞干扰素nIFN-αco,在不同细胞上对不同病毒的抗病毒活性做了比较研究。证明:①α1抗病毒作用的细胞谱较广,尤其在牛肾MDBK细胞和猪肾PK细胞上有很高的活性,分别为在人细胞上的29倍和7倍。β17ser和γ在异种细胞上活性极低,在鼠、猪和牛肾细胞上的活性为人细胞上的1～2％以下。②5种干扰素对麻疹、CoxB1、Sindbis、腺病毒7型和Ⅰ、Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒的抗病毒活性无明显差异。但不同病毒对干扰素的敏感性有明显差别,以Sindbis病毒为最敏感,7型腺病毒最不敏感。③5种干扰素对流行性出血热病毒均有明显的抗病毒作用,尤以人α1型和β干扰素作用最强,α1对出血热病毒的抗病毒活性是对滤泡性口膜炎病毒(VSV)的1/2.85,人β干扰素是对VSV的1/4.1。上述结果为人基因工程干扰素的临床应用提供了实验依据。     

卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)vIL-6通过IRF-3负性调控IFN-β转录表达

卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus,KSHV),又称人类疱疹病毒8型(Human herpesvirus 8,HHV-8),是艾滋病感染者中发病率最高的肿瘤-卡波氏肉瘤的致病性病原体。本实验对KSHV裂解期蛋白-病毒白细胞介素6(Viral interleukin-6,vIL-6)抑制宿主固有免疫机制进行初步探讨。利用仙台病毒刺激人胚肾细胞(HEK293T)激活抗病毒固有免疫,观察vIL-6过表达后对IFN-β的作用及机制,利用实时定量PCR检测IFN-β基因表达及双荧光素酶实验分析IFN-β基因启动子的活性。过表达vIL-6后,IFN-β基因mRNA水平表达明显下降,进一步实验证明vIL-6可抑制IFN-β基因启动子活性,且vIL-6可特异性作用于IFN-β基因启动子PRDIII-PRDI区。本研究首次证实了KSHV vIL-6可通过抑制IFN-β启动子活性从而调控IFN-β表达,且这种作用主要通过IRF-3信号途径。     

新型人白细胞介素－2突变点的分析鉴定

对新型人白细胞介素-2(IL－2－ser－125)进行了精制和纯度指标的鉴定。蛋白质N端序列分析表明产品中l／3部分N端缺失Met,这种微观不均一性在等电聚焦和毛细管电泳中有所反映。此外,对新型人IL－2的含点突变残基的多肽进行氨基酸序列分析,证实确由Cys－125突变成ser。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.