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The effect of phosphorus deficiency on anthocyanin content in tomato plants was studied from the point of view of pathological anthocyanin formation. Phosphorus deficiency resulted in an evident increase of anthocyanin content in all experiments, independently of the tomato variety and of the cultivation conditions. The anthocyanin amount was five times higher on the average and the differences were statistically significant. The average growth inhibition of tomato plants under phosphorus deficiency was 18%. Accumulation of anthocyanins is limited by the temperature; anthocyanins are not synthesized at temperatures above 30°. The results of the experimental variant with enhanced phosphorus concentration in nutrient solution were not uniform. In some experiments a decrease of anthocyanins accompanied by slight growth stimulation was observed, in others an increase associated with growth inhibition. It seems that cultivation conditions, especially the light intensity, play an important role in these experimental variants. 相似文献
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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) accession LA1996 with the Anthocyanin fruit (Aft) gene has dark green foliage, elevated anthocyanin expression in the hypocotyls of seedlings, and anthocyanin in the skin and outer pericarp tissues of the fruit. Interest in the health benefits and antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins led to this study of the genetic potential for increased levels of this important class of phytonutrients in tomato fruit. In order to conform to tomato gene nomenclature rules, we propose changing the symbol Af for Anthocyanin fruit to Aft. Segregation ratios of anthocyanin expression in F(2) and BC(1) populations of a cross between the processing tomato UC82B and LA1996 were consistent with a single dominant gene hypothesis. Anthocyanin expression was reduced in backcross populations compared to F(2 )populations. Anthocyanin concentration, as measured by the pH differential method, of pigment-rich pericarp and skin tissues from LA1996 was estimated to be 20.6 mg/100 g and 66.5 mg/100 g, respectively. Anthocyanidin composition was characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fruit of accession LA1996 contained predominantly petunidin, followed by malvidin and delphinidinin. Lycopene, beta-carotene, phytoene, and phytofluene levels were similar to those of normal tomatoes and lower than those found in high pigment tomatoes. 相似文献
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The accumulation of anthocyanin pigments is one of the most important traits that turn strawberry fruit attractive to consumers. During ripening, strawberry fruit color development is associated to anthocyanin synthesis through the phenylpropanoid pathway. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme in this pathway, having a determining role in strawberry fruit quality. In this work, we studied the level of anthocyanins during fruit ripening of two cultivars that differ in color development (Camarosa and Toyonoka). Toyonoka showed a lower anthocyanin accumulation that was limited to external fruit tissue, while Camarosa accumulated higher amount of anthocyanins in both internal and external sections. In addition, we cloned a full-length gene (FaPAL6) and analyzed its expression in different strawberry plant tissues. The expression of this gene is fruit specific, and increases during fruit ripening in both cultivars along with anthocyanin accumulation. The mRNA level of FaPAL6 was higher in Camarosa. PAL enzyme activity increased at similar rates in both cultivars at early ripening stages, but at the end of ripening PAL activity diminished in Toyonoka while it rose markedly in Camarosa. PAL activity was higher in internal fruit tissue, showing no correlation with anthocyanin level of the same section in both cultivars. The higher FaPAL6 expression and activity detected in Camarosa could be associated to the enhanced anthocyanin accumulation found in this cultivar. 相似文献
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Chaim AB Borovsky Y De Jong W Paran I 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,106(5):889-894
The purple color of the foliage, flower and immature fruit of pepper ( Capsicum spp.) is a result of the accumulation of anthocyanin pigments in these tissues. The expression of anthocyanins is controlled by the incompletely dominant gene A. We have mapped A to pepper chromosome 10 in a Capsicum annuum (5226) x Capsicum chinense (PI 159234) F(2) population to a genomic region that also controls anthocyanin expression in two other Solanaceous species, tomato and potato, suggesting that variation for tissue-specific expression of anthocyanin pigments in these plants is controlled by an orthologous gene(s). We mapped an additional locus, Fc, for the purple anther filament in an F(2) population from a cross of IL 579, a C. chinense introgression line and its recurrent parent 100/63, to the same position as A, suggesting that the two loci are allelic. The two anthocyanin loci were linked to a major quantitative trait locus, fs10.1, for fruit-shape index (ratio of fruit length to fruit width), that also segregated in the F(2) populations. This finding verified the observation of Peterson in 1959 of linkage between fruit color and fruit-shape genes in a cross between round and elongated-fruited parents. The linkage relationship in pepper resembles similar linkage in potato, in which anthocyanin and tuber-shape genes were found linked to each other in a cross of round and elongated-tuber parents. It is therefore possible that the shape pattern of distinct organs such as fruit and tuber in pepper and potato is controlled by a similar gene(s). 相似文献
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花青素转录因子调控机制及代谢工程研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
花青素是广泛存在于植物中的一类重要的类黄酮化合物, 在植物生长发育和人类营养保健方面具有重要价值。花青素的生物合成途径已经解析得比较清楚, 但花青素的代谢调控网络还在不断完善。调控花青素生物合成的转录因子主要包括MYB、bHLH和WD40三大类, 这些转录因子通过激活或抑制CHS、ANS和DFR等花青素途径关键结构基因的表达水平, 进而决定花青素积累的部位与水平。该文结合国内外花青素生物合成与转录调控方面的研究进展, 简要介绍了花青素的生物合成途径, 归纳总结了模式植物中花青素代谢调控的分子机理, 尤其是MYB、bHLH和WD40三类主要转录因子的调控机理, 以及这些转录因子在观赏植物和水果等经济作物花青素代谢工程中的应用。该文将为系统阐明花青素的转录调控机制和利用代谢工程改良花青素的相关研究提供有益参考。 相似文献
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Two types of red pigment, anthocyanins and betacyanins, never occur together in the same plant. Although anthocyanins are widely distributed in higher plants as flower and fruit pigments, betacyanins have replaced anthocyanins in the Caryophyllales. We isolated cDNAs encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), which is the first enzyme committed to anthocyanin biosynthesis in the flavonoid pathway, from Spinacia oleracea and Phytolacca americana, plants that belong to the Caryophyllales. The deduced amino acid sequence of Spinacia DFR and Phytolacca DFR revealed a high degree of homology with DFRs of anthocyanin-producing plants. The DFR of carnation, an exception in the Caryophyllales that synthesizes anthocyanin, showed the highest level of identity. In the phylogenetic tree, Spinacia DFR and Phytolacca DFR clustered with the DFRs of anthocyanin-synthesizing dicots. Recombinant Spinacia and Phytolacca DFRs expressed in Escherichia coli convert dihydroflavonol to leucoanthocyanidin. The expression and function of DFR in spinach and pokeweed are discussed in relation to the molecular evolution of red pigment biosynthesis in higher plants. 相似文献
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Activation tagging in tomato identifies a transcriptional regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis,modification, and transport 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
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Mathews H Clendennen SK Caldwell CG Liu XL Connors K Matheis N Schuster DK Menasco DJ Wagoner W Lightner J Wagner DR 《The Plant cell》2003,15(8):1689-1703
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Complementation of the Tomato anthocyanin without (aw) Mutant Using the Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase Gene 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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We isolated the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) gene from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) using a previously characterized cDNA as probe. Earlier studies had indicated that the DFR gene is present in tomato as a single gene located on chromosome 2 near the locus anthocyanin without (aw). Mutant alleles of the aw locus result in the complete absence of anthocyanin pigmentation throughout all stages of plant development. When the genomic DFR clone was introduced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation into plants bearing the aw mutation, primary transgenic seedlings accumulated anthocyanins that could be observed while the plants were still in tissue culture and which continued to be observed as the plants matured. Progeny of self pollinated and backcrossed transgenic plants segregated for anthocyanin pigmentation, and Southern hybridization analyses indicated the presence of the DFR transgene exclusively in those plants with pigmentation. These data indicate that the aw locus likely corresponds to the structural gene for DFR and that DFR can be used as a visual, nondestructive, plant-derived marker gene for tomato. 相似文献
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Does anthocyanin degradation play a significant role in determining pigment concentration in plants?
In contrast to the detailed knowledge available on anthocyanin synthesis, very little is known about its stability and catabolism in plants. Here we review evidence supporting in planta turnover and degradation of anthocyanins. Transient anthocyanin accumulation and disappearance during plant development or changes in environmental conditions suggest that anthocyanin degradation is controlled and induced when beneficial to the plant. Several enzymes have been isolated that degrade anthocyanins in postharvest fruit that may be candidates for in vivo degradation. Three enzyme groups that control degradation rates of anthocyanins in fruit extracts and juices are polyphenol oxidases, peroxidases and β-glucosidases. Evidence supporting the involvement of peroxidases and β-glucosidases in in vivo anthocyanin degradation in Brunfelsia flowers is presented. Understanding the in vivo anthocyanin degradation process has potential for enabling increased pigmentation and prevention of color degradation in crops. 相似文献
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High-flavonol tomatoes resulting from the heterologous expression of the maize transcription factor genes LC and C1 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
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Bovy A de Vos R Kemper M Schijlen E Almenar Pertejo M Muir S Collins G Robinson S Verhoeyen M Hughes S Santos-Buelga C van Tunen A 《The Plant cell》2002,14(10):2509-2526
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Not all anthocyanins are born equal: distinct patterns induced by stress in Arabidopsis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nik Kovinich Gilbert Kayanja Alexandra Chanoca Ken Riedl Marisa S. Otegui Erich Grotewold 《Planta》2014,240(5):931-940