苎麻雄性不育材料的生理生化特性初探

在苎麻(Boehmeria nivea(L.) Gaud)雌雄性器官发育期取功能叶,现蕾后取幼蕾(直径小于0.4mm)、中蕾(直径0.4-1.2mm)、大蕾(直径大于2.0mm),比较分析苎麻雄性不育材料C26、C4与可育材料B8、B16的可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量以及过氧化物酶(POD)活性的差异。结果表明,不育材料在各时期的花蕾中可溶性糖含量都高于可育材料的,以大蕾最为明显,C26比B8高0.58%,C4比B16高0.83%;淀粉和游离脯氨酸含量从中蕾期开始,不育材料明显低于可育材料,到大蕾期差异最大(淀粉含量B8/C26为1.81,B16/C4为1.46;游离脯氨酸含量B8是C26的7.35倍,B16为C4的3.94倍);在相同花蕾期,可育材料的POD活性略高于不育材料。可溶性蛋白质含量在可育材料和不育材料中无明显规律性。这些物质的代谢可能是导致苎麻雄性不育的原因。     

汞对玉米、小麦幼苗生长及过氧化物酶同工酶的影响

7ppm Hg~#对玉米、小麦幼苗生长具一定的刺激作用,而10ppm Hg~#则抑制幼苗生长。Hg~#对两种作物根系生长有不同的生理效应,而对玉米、小麦根系过氧化物酶影响表现为谱带减少或活性减弱。     

汞对玉米、小麦幼苗生长及过氧化物酶同工酶的影响

7ppm Hg ++对玉米,小麦幼苗生长具一定的刺激作用,而10PPm Hg++则抑制幼苗生长。Hg++对两种作物根系生长有不同的生理效应,而对玉米、小麦根系过氧化物酶影响表现为谱带减少或活性减弱。     

水杨酸对枣树组织培养苗几种生理生化指标的影响

研究了不同浓度水杨酸(0mmol／L、1mmol／L、5mmol／L、10mmol／L)对枣树一年生组织培养苗叶片含水量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量及过氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明,枣树组织培养苗叶面喷洒不同浓度水杨酸可提高其叶片含水量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量和过氧化物酶活性,其中以1mmol／L喷洒效果显著。     

镉、铅及其复合污染对大麦幼苗部分生理指标的影响

以Cd、Pb为胁迫因子,以大麦为试验材料,采用室内培养法,研究了重金属Cd﹑Pb及复合污染不同时间（3、5d）对大麦幼苗叶片部分生理指标的影响。结果表明,随着 Cd﹑Pb及Cd+Pb处理浓度的增加,大麦幼苗叶片中可溶性糖的含量表现为先升后降。在Cd﹑Pb单一处理条件下,不同浓度Cd﹑Pb均可造成叶细胞膜透性增大,叶片的相对电导率和脯氨酸含量上升。不同浓度的Cd+Pb复合处理对叶细胞膜的损伤均大于单一处理,低浓度Cd+Pb（5+50 mg·L^-1）复合处理组的可溶性糖含量比单一处理高。在不同处理时间（3、5d）内,所有Cd+Pb复合处理组叶中脯氨酸含量均高于单一处理组,Cd﹑Pb复合处理对脯氨酸的积累有促进作用。单一处理中Cd对大麦幼苗的毒性比Pb大,而复合处理（Cd+Pb）对大麦幼苗的损伤和毒害作用比单一处理更为严重,其交互作用机理值得进一步研究。     

优质牧草旋扭山绿豆对低温胁迫的生理响应及其耐寒性快速鉴定

为了解旋扭山绿豆(Desmodium intortum)对低温的耐受性,以在南方各省广泛种植的优质牧草紫花大翼豆(Macroptilium atropurureum)为对照,研究了旋扭山绿豆对低温胁迫的生理响应。结果表明,低温胁迫(4℃)下,旋扭山绿豆的实际光能转化效率(Yield)和光合电子传递效率(ETR)在第2～8天时下降幅度显著低于紫花大翼豆(P0.05)。低温处理使旋扭山绿豆和紫花大翼豆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著增加(P0.05);过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则显著降低;旋扭山绿豆的过氧化物酶(POD)没有显著变化(P0.05),但紫花大翼豆下降了47.11%。低温处理下旋扭山绿豆游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著高于紫花大翼豆(P0.05)。回归分析、抵抗力指数和营养成分分析表明,旋扭山绿豆是一种抗寒性与营养价值均优于紫花大翼豆的优良牧草,其中Yield、ETR、CAT与渗透调节物质(游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖)可以作为旋扭山绿豆耐寒性鉴定的重要生理指标。     

离子注入对多伞阿魏幼苗生理生化指标的影响

目的：研究低能氮离子注入对多伞阿魏幼苗生理生化指标的影响。方法：以能量30keV、不同剂量N＋离子注入多伞阿魏种子,研究分析不同剂量组多伞阿魏幼苗超氧化物歧化酶（SoD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性变化,以及游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量变化。结果：随离子注入剂量增大SOD活性增加、POD和CAT活性逐渐升高,剂量过大时,SOD、POD和CAT活性下降;游离脯氨酸含量逐渐降低,但在6×10^16N＋／c秆剂量时含量升高;可溶性蛋白质含量先升高再降低,6×10^16N＋,c秆剂量时为最高值。结论：适当剂量N＋离子注入可激活保护酶酶活性并促使脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量升高。     

Na2CO3胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理指标的影响

以‘津优一号’和‘春四’黄瓜为实验材料,采用砂培法研究了Na2CO3胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理指标的影响。结果显示,随着Na2CO3浓度的增大,两个黄瓜品种的幼苗根冠比逐渐下降,叶绿素含量先上升后下降,可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、SOD活性逐渐上升;‘津优一号’的相对电导率和丙二醛含量随Na2CO3浓度的增大逐渐增加,而‘春四’的相对电导率和丙二醛含量在20 mmol.L-1时最低,此后逐渐上升。主成分分析结果显示,丙二醛含量、SOD活性、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素b,这5项指标在评价黄瓜幼苗的Na2CO3耐性方面是比较重要的。结合这5项指标综合分析,发现‘津优一号’较‘春四’有较强的耐碱性。     

铅对绿豆幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Pb^2 on the growth of mung bean(Phaseolus radiatus L.)seedlings were conducted with an experiment.The results showed that the dry weight of roots increased by 13.01%,the dry weight of shoots decreased by 12.80%,the free proline and MDA content in leaves increased specially by 2.07% and 5.82%,the activity of POD decreased by 37.32% compared to control under 0.05mmol/L Pb^2 treatment.Under 0.5mmol/L Pb^2 treatment,the dry weights of roots and shoots decreased specially be 14.45% and 29.36%,the free proline and MDA content in leaves increased specially by 43.55% and 28.50,the activity of POD decreased by 59.37% compared to control.The results indicated that Pb^2 interfered the growth of mung bean seedlings by destroying cell membrane intergrity and decreasing the activity of POD in leaves.     

Effects of internal Na and external K concentrations on Na/K coupling of Na,K-pump in frog skeletal muscle

Summary To clarify the dependency of the Na/K coupling of the Na,K-pump on internal Na and external K concentrations in skeletal muscle, the ouabain-induced change in membrane potential, the ouabain-induced change in Na efflux and the membrane resistance were measured at various internal Na and external K concentrations in bullfrog sartorius muscle.Upon raising the internal Na concentration from 6 mmol/kg muscle water to 20 mmol/kg muscle water, the magnitude of the ouabain-induced change in membrane potential increased about eightfold and the magnitude of the ouabain-induced change in Na efflux increased about fivefold while the membrane resistance was not significantly changed. As the external K concentration increased from 1 to 10mm, the magnitude of the ouabain-induced change in membrane potential decreased (1/5.5 fold), while the magnitude of the ouabain-induced change in Na efflux increased (about 1.5-fold). The membrane resistance decreased upon raising the external K concentration from 1 to 10mm (1/2-fold). These observations imply that the values of the Na/K coupling of the Na,K-pump increases upon raising the internal Na concentration and decreases upon raising the external K concentration.     

玉米与番茄间作对土壤镉吸收的影响

为探究间作对作物吸收重金属镉(Cadmium,Cd)的影响,以Cd相对高积累番茄(中蔬4号)和相对低积累玉米(金珠蜜甜玉米)为试验材料,在Cd 3.70 mg/kg的污染水平下以单作、限制性间作、间作3种种植方式进行了盆栽试验,研究间作后作物各部位Cd积累差异及其形成原因。结果表明,番茄和玉米间作和限制性间作所产番茄根、茎、叶中Cd含量均有所提高(叶中Cd含量从13.52mg/kg分别升高至24.94mg/kg和27.30mg/kg);与未种植作物的对照组相比,非单作条件下番茄根围土壤的pH有所下降,酸性磷酸酶活性上升,而脲酶活性下降,且间作组变化幅度较大;间作还能改变作物根围微生物种群结构,提高对重金属吸收有促进作用的微生物种群的丰度,最终实现Cd高积累番茄对Cd的吸收能力提高。研究结果可为利用间作模式修复土壤重金属污染和保障食品安全提供参考。     

Effects of lead and kinetin on the growth, and some physiological components of safflower

Pollution of the root environment with excess of Pb retarded shoot growth, decreased chlorophyll (Chl) content and reduced Chl stability (CSI) to heat. Plants growing in Pb polluted soil accumulated much more free amino acids and less soluble sugars than the control plants. Stability of leaf membranes to heat (51 °C) or dehydration stresses (40% polyethylene glycol, 6000) decreased in response to Pb pollution where the membranes of leaf discs excised from Pb-treated plants were damaged more than those taken from plants growing in Pb free soil. Supplying kinetin ameliorated the deleterious effects of Pb pollution on the parameters tested. Kinetin-treated plants had higher Chl, soluble sugars content and produced more biomass in their shoots. Also, kinetin increased leaf membrane stability especially in Pb-treated plants, effectively protected chlorophyll degradation by heat and increased Chl a and b stability index; the most effective concentration was 10 mg L^–1. The effects of Pb and kinetin as well as their interaction (Pb × Kin) on the parameters tested were statistically significant. Applied kinetin had a dominant role (as indicated by ²) in affecting shoot growth, soluble sugars, Chl a and b contents, stability of leaf membranes to dehydration stress as well as the Chl stability index. Pb had a dominant role on total free amino acids (TAA) and leaf relative water content (RWC). The interaction between Kin × Pb influenced the stability of leaf membranes to heat stress in a major way.     

无花果试管苗在NaCl胁迫过程中的溶质积累

将多次继代培养的无花果试管苗接种在含 Na Cl不同浓度的 MS培养基上 ,30 0mmol·L- 1Na Cl使试管苗致死。在 0～ 2 0 0 mmol· L- 1Na Cl的培养基上 ,试管苗生长显著受到抑制 ,叶片中 Na+含量增加 ,K+/Na+上升。同时 ,游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量也增加 ,可以认为 Na+累积是无花果试管苗盐适应的主要方面 ,脯氨酸和可溶性糖增加也起到了增强耐盐性的功能     

Effect of salinity on seed germination,seedling growth,and physiological characteristics of Perilla frutescens

Abstract

Salt stress is one of the major environmental factors limiting crop growth and yield. To understand the effect of salt stress on plant growth, we investigated the response of three perilla varieties (Suyin 1, Ziye 7, and Ziye 10) to NaC1 exposure at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM in terms of seed germination, seedling growth, root activity, contents of soluble sugar, proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity. Germination characteristics, such as the percentage of seed germination, tended to decrease with increasing NaC1 concentrations. After three weeks of salt stress, the three varieties exhibited different salt tolerance in terms of seed germination, seedling growth, and physiological changes: seedling growth was inhibited to various degrees, seedling vigor and root activities decreased, and MDA, proline, and soluble sugar contents increased with increasing NaCl concentrations. POD enzyme activity, a protective mechanism against salt stress, increased at low NaC1 concentrations in Suyin1 (0–150 mM) and Ziye 7 (0–100 mM), and then decreased at higher NaCl concentrations. In Ziye 10, on the other hand, POD activity dropped significantly with increasing NaCl concentrations. These results suggest that among the three varieties Suyin 1 is more salt tolerant than Ziye 7 and Ziye 10, and that Ziye 10 is the most sensitive to salt stress.     

紫外-B辐射对番茄幼苗生长、POD和IAA氧化酶活性的影响

模拟兰州地区夏季臭氧层减薄12%和20%时增强的UV-B辐射2.54kJ·m-2·d-1 T1 和4.25kJ·m-2·d-1 T2 ,以自然辐射为对照,研究2种辐射对番茄幼苗生长、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量以及过氧化物酶 POD 、吲哚乙酸氧化酶 IAA氧化酶 活性的影响.结果表明:低强度、短时间的辐射 T1,10d 对番茄幼苗生长没有影响,而高强度、长时间的辐射可减少生物量累积,降低株高、壮苗指数、叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素的含量,对叶绿素a/b无显著影响;与对照相比,可溶性蛋白质含量在辐射处理10d和20d时均减低,40d时升高;T2处理使POD活性一直显著高于对照;IAA氧化酶活性在辐射10d和20d时增加,40d时显著低于对照.说明在UV-B辐射下光合下降、IAA分解抑制了番茄幼苗的生长.     

盐度对互花米草生长及脯氨酸、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量的影响

研究了互花米草在不同培养盐度下,株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、叶面积、鲜重等生长指标以及脯氨酸、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量的变化情况。结果表明,随着盐度增加,米草株高呈下降趋势,在高盐度(50‰)下,米草叶面积、叶长等指标与对照组相比明显下降,鲜重与低盐度组比较显著下降。米草叶片中可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量随盐度增加总体上呈上升趋势;可溶性蛋白质含量随盐度增加亦呈上升趋势,表明蛋白质合成增强。在盐胁迫下。渗透调节物质的积累作用是互花米草对盐胁迫的主要响应过程,可以作为其抗盐性的生理参数。     

盐胁迫对四种基因型冬小麦幼苗Na+、K+吸收和累积的影响

以4种不同基因型冬小麦品种为试验材料,研究了盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的生长及Na^＋、K^＋和Cl^-的吸收、累积规律。结果表明,盐胁迫下小麦吸水困难,幼苗生长受抑;幼苗含水量、生物量及干物质量明显下降;Na^＋、Cl^-含量和单株累积量显著增加。K^＋含量和单株累积量则明显降低。Na^＋／K^＋比值随介质中的盐浓度的增加而升高。盐胁迫下各基因型冬小麦幼苗Na^＋、K^＋和Cl^-的单株累积量及其在地上部分和根系中的含量变化较大,说明小麦根系对Na^＋、K^＋和Cl^-的吸收存在基因型差异。盐处理下,暖型小麦NR9405对K^＋的选择吸收能力强,对Na^＋的吸收和累积少,植株体内的K^＋浓度较高,Na^＋／K^＋比值小;幼苗的生物量较大,耐盐性强。冷型小麦RB6对K^＋的选择能力差,对Na^＋的吸收和累积量大,幼苗的Na^＋／K^＋比值大,生物量小,耐盐性较差。低盐浓度下,Na^＋可作为渗透调节物质维持植物体内渗透平衡。高盐浓度下,Na^＋的过度吸收和累积可能是盐害的主要原因。维持体内较低的Na^＋水平和Na^＋／K^＋比值是小麦耐盐性的一个重要特征。     

丛枝菌根真菌对黄瓜枯萎病的影响

Pot experiment was conducted to explore whether nursery inoculation of cucumber with Glomus etunicatum could alleviate fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Four-week-old seedlings inoculated with Glomus etunicatum were infected with F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum by pouring conidial suspension. Biomass, contents of malonaldehyde (MDA), soluble sugar and free proline in roots, as well as the quantity of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere were determined. The results indicated that the root dry weight of seedlings preinoculated with Glomus etunicatum increased by 9.3%; contents of soluble sugar and free proline in roots increased, and the quantity of fungi in rhizosphere decreased significantly. The disease incidence and disease index of Fusarium wilt were reduced. On the contrary, root dry weight of seedlings without inoculation with Glomus etunicatum was reduced by 28.0%. It is concluded that Glomus etunicatum is beneficial to biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of cucumber seedlings.     

丛枝菌根真菌对黄瓜枯萎病的影响

盆栽条件下播种黄瓜Cucumis sativus同时接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus etunicatum,4周后对接种处理和对照黄瓜苗分别浇灌Fusairum oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum分生孢子悬液,2周后测定幼苗生物量、根内丙二醛、可溶性糖与游离脯氨酸含量及根围真菌和细菌数量。结果表明:接种Glomus etunicatum根系干重增加了9.3%,提高了根内可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量,显著减少了根围真菌数量,降低了黄瓜枯萎病的发病率和病情指数。而不接种Glomus etunicatum的黄瓜苗根系干重减少了28.0%。研究认为AM真菌Glomus etunicatum对黄瓜枯萎病具有一定的生防价值。