冬瓜和节瓜DNA提取及RAPD反应体系优化

以8份冬瓜和节瓜为材料,采用改良CTAB法提取基因组DNA,采用正交试验设计,对冬瓜和节瓜RAPD条件进行了优化,建立了最佳反应体系:25μL反应体系中含1×buffer,模板DNA、Mg2+、dNTPs、引物和Taq酶的浓度分别为20 ng、2.0mmol/L、0.24 mmol/L、0.3μmol/L和1.0 U。PCR扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性45 s,36.9℃退火45 s,72℃延伸1.5min,共40个循环;72℃延伸10 min,12℃保存。     

金弹总DNA提取及RAPD体系优化

以金弹叶片为材料,研究其总DNA提取方法及RAPD-PCR条件。结果表明,用改良CTAB法Ⅱ提取的DNA适于RAPD分析;优化的金弹RAPD-PCR体系为:反应体积20μl,Mg²⁺2.5 mmol/L、dNTP 0.25 mmol/L、引物0.20μmol/L、模板DNA 1.0 ng/μl和1 U Taq DNA聚合酶。相应的扩增程序为:94℃预变性3 min;94℃变性45 s,37℃复性60 s,72℃延伸120 s,循环45次;72℃延伸10 min,4℃结束。     

药用植物草珊瑚RAPD扩增条件优化

采用CTAB-DNA提取方法,从草珊瑚植物的嫩叶中提取总DNA。以此DNA为模板,优化了草珊瑚RAPD-PCR的反应条件。结果表明,PCR扩增体系最适宜的条件为:反应体积25μL,内含2.5mmol/L Mg2+、1.0UDNA聚合酶、0.4μmol/L引物、60ng模板DNA和0.16mmol/L dNTP。扩增程序为:94℃预变性2min;94℃变性30s,37℃复性30s,72℃延伸80s,40个循环;72℃延伸10min;4℃保存10min。     

红锥基因组RAPD反应体系的建立和优化

以红锥(Castanopsis hystrix A.DC.)嫩叶为材料,应用改良的CTAB方法成功提取了红锥基因组DNA,并对影响随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)反应的各因素进行了优化,建立了红锥RAPD的优化反应体系及程序.在25μl反应体系中,模板DNA 0.8 ng μl-1,10×Buffer 2.5 μl,Mg2 2.0 mmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶0.8 U,dNTPs 0.35 mmol/L,随机引物S42 0.28 μmol/L.PCR循环程序为:94℃预变性3 min,然后94℃ 30 s,39℃ 1 min,72℃ 2 min,35个循环,最后72℃延伸10 min,4℃保存.     

桔梗SRAP反应体系的优化

目的：建立适合桔梗的比较稳定的SRAP反应体系,用于桔梗遗传多样性分析。方法：用改进的CTAB法提取桔梗叶片的总DNA,通过对不同镁离子浓度、dNTP浓度、模板DNA含量、引物浓度、DNA聚合酶量条件下的SRAP扩增反应的效果。结果：桔梗SRAP扩增反应的最佳体系：模板DNA 20ng,引物0.8μmol/L,dNTP150μmol/L,MgCl22.0mmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶1unit,10×Buffer2.0μL;反应程序为94℃预变性5min;94℃变性1min,35℃退火1min,72℃延伸1min,5个循环;94℃变性1min,50℃退火1min,72℃延伸1min,35个循环;最后72℃延伸5min,4℃保存。结论：按此优化的SRAP条件进行实验,重现性良好,可用于桔梗遗传多样性分析。     

西伯利亚蝗基因组DNA提取及RAPD分析条件的优化

以西伯利亚蝗Gomphocerus sibiricus(L.)为研究材料,利用改良的SDS法提取高质量的DNA,分别测试了dNTP浓度、镁离子浓度、TaqDNA聚合酶用量、模板DNA的量等因素对反应结果的影响。通过各因子的组合比较,建立了西伯利亚蝗RAPD优化体系:25μLPCR反应体系,10×buffer2·5μL;dNTP0·24mmol/L;MgCl22·0mmol/L;Taq DNA聚合酶1U;DNA模板45ng;引物30ng。扩增程序为:94℃预变性1min45s、94℃变性30s、35℃退火1min30s、72℃延伸2min,45个循环、72℃延伸10min。结果表明,利用优化的反应条件进行西伯利亚蝗基因组DNA分析,实验有着良好的重复性和稳定性。     

猕猴桃模板DNA的提取及RAPD-PCR最佳反应体系的建立

以改良CTAB法从猕猴桃叶片中制备模板DNA ,优化了PCR热循环参数 ,建立了RAPD PCR扩增的最佳反应体系。实验结果表明 ,CTAB提取液中EDTA组分的浓度对模板提取影响很大 ,其最适浓度为 80mmol/L ;用异丙醇沉淀后不经乙醇洗涤纯化的DNA不会影响扩增效果。PCR热循环参数为 :94℃预变性 5min ;94℃变性 1min ,37℃退火 1min ,72℃延伸 2min ,循环 4 0次 ;最后在 72℃延伸 6min。     

正交试验优化八角ISSR-PCR反应体系

利用正交试验设计研究Taq DNA聚合酶、DNA模板、引物(UBC 886)、dNTP、Mg2+浓度5个因素对云南八角ISSR-PCR反应的影响,建立其最佳反应体系。结果表明:25μL的反应体系中5个因子的最佳水平为:Mg2+3 mmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶0.5 U、DNA模板0.016 ng、引物0.8μmol/L、dNTPs 0.2 mmol/L。PCR最佳反应程序为:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性30 s,46℃退火45 s,72℃延伸1 min,40次循环;72℃最后延伸7 min,4℃保存。     

半滑舌鳎基因组的提取及ISSR反应体系的建立

目的:比较CTAB法和STE法提取半滑舌鳎基因组DNA的效果,通过优化半滑舌鳎ISSR-PCR反应体系,将新型分子标记简单重复间序列(Inter-simple sequence repeat,ISSR),引用到半滑舌鳎遗传多样性研究中。方法:以95%酒精固定的半滑舌鳎鳍条为材料,运用CTAB法和STE法提取基因组DNA,同时分析了模板DNA、Mg2 、dNTPs、引物浓度,以及退火温度对ISSR-PCR扩增结果的影响。结果:CTAB法提取的基因组DNA质量好于STE法提取的结果,同时确立了稳定性强、重复性好的半滑舌鳎ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系和扩增参数。在25lμPCR反应体系中包括:1×PCR缓冲液,2mmol/L MgCl2,0.2mmol/L dNTP,0.2μmol/L ISSR引物,20ng模板DNA,1.5U Taq DNA聚合酶。反应程序为:94℃预变性5min,然后进入PCR循环,即94℃变性45s,52℃退火45s,72℃延伸90s,共进行40个循环。最后72℃延伸10min。结论:ISSR-PCR反应体系稳定可靠,该新型分子标记可应用于半滑舌鳎遗传多样性研究中。     

突托蜡梅ISSR引物反应条件的优化与筛选

为从突托蜡梅(Chimonanthus grammatus)叶片中提取高质量的总DNA,比较了CTAB法、改良的CTAB法、SDS法、高盐低pH值法、SDS-CTAB法、SDS-蛋白酶K法.结果表明:改良的CTAB是提取突托蜡梅基因组DNA的有效方法.以U811(GA)8C为引物,确立了适合突托蜡梅的ISSR反应体系:在20 μL反应体系(50 ng DNA、0.6 μmol/L引物、1.5 mmol/L Mg2 、0.15 mmol/L dNTPs、2.0 U Taq DNA聚合酶)中,反应程序为:94℃预变性5 min、94℃变性1 min、57.2℃退火45 s、72℃延伸2 min,循环40次,最后于72℃延伸5 min.用来自不同居群的7个个体,以100个ISSR引物进行PCR扩增,筛选出了扩增效果较好的10个引物,得到了74个位点,其中39个为多态位点,多态性位点比例为52.7%.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.