共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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【目的】水溶性的Cr(Ⅵ)对环境及人类造成的危害是社会亟待解决的问题。Cr(Ⅵ)还原菌株的分离筛选、还原特性的分析和在微生物燃料电池中的应用为六价铬污染水体的微生物修复提供科学依据和新的方法。【方法】从黄河兰州段排污口采集样本,用平板法分离筛选获得具有Cr(Ⅵ)还原能力的菌株,并将Cr(Ⅵ)还原能力最强的LZU-26菌株应用到微生物燃料电池中,检测其产电能力和Cr(Ⅵ)还原特性。【结果】共分离得到21株具有Cr(Ⅵ)还原能力的菌株,其中LZU-26菌株Cr(Ⅵ)还原能力最强,属于Cellulosimicrobium cellilans。0.4 mmol/L初始Cr(Ⅵ)在LZU-26的作用下24 h铬还原率可达到95.89%,在48 h后达99.97%。将LZU-26运用在微生物燃料电池生物阴极,所获得的最大电压和最大功率密度分别为68 mV和6.8 W/cm~2。生物阴极Cr(Ⅵ)还原率(68.9%)也远高于化学阴极(14.7%)和对照组(2.7%)。【结论】利用Cr(Ⅵ)还原菌作为微生物燃料电池生物阴极处理含铬废水,将会是一种高效、节能和环境友好的方法。 相似文献
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异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原微生物研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
铁是地壳中含量第四丰富的元素,微生物介导的异化铁还原是自然界中Fe(Ⅲ)还原的主要途径。介绍了Fe(Ⅲ)还原菌的分类及多样性,总结了Fe(Ⅲ)还原菌还原铁氧化物机制及其产能代谢机制,概述了Fe(Ⅲ)还原菌的生态环境意义,并对未来Fe(Ⅲ)还原菌的分子生态学研究方向提出了探索性的建议。 相似文献
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基于微生物燃料电池的反应装置,从污水处理厂曝气池的污泥中通过富集,筛选和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析等手段驯化出1株高效产电假单胞菌F026。以F026为阳极产电菌制作微生物燃料电池,考察了底物种类、温度和p H值等因素对微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响。结果表明,F026最适合在以可溶性淀粉为底物,p H为中性偏碱性,温度在30~35℃的环境下生长。在此条件下,微生物燃料电池的最高电压达到500 m V,体积功率密度达到2 W/m3。 相似文献
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微生物燃料电池生物质能利用现状与展望 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
作为一种新概念的废物处理与能源化技术,微生物燃料电池研究在过去10年里取得了长足的进步和技术突破。本文在简要介绍微生物燃料电池研究现状基础上,系统综述了该技术及与其他技术耦合在生物质能利用方面的最新研究进展,重点分析了其中存在的问题,并展望了该技术在生物质能转化和利用方面的研究前景。 相似文献
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目前含硫废水污染很大,微生物燃料电池具有高效环境友好的特点成为研究热点。本文简要概述微生物燃料电池结构和发展历史,利用微生物燃料电池技术处理含硫废水的研究进展,最后分析了目前研究发展趋势和展望。 相似文献
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Thermophilic Microbial Metal Reduction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. I. Slobodkin 《Microbiology》2005,74(5):501-514
Thermophilic microorganisms can reduce Fe(III), Mn(IV), Cr(VI), U(VI), Tc(VII), Co(III), Mo(VI), Au(I, III), and Hg(II). Ferric iron and Mn(IV) can be used as electron acceptors during growth; the physiological role of the reduction of the other metals is unclear. The process of microbial dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) is the most thoroughly studied. Iron-reducing prokaryotes have been found in virtually all of the recognized types of terrestrial ecosystems, from hot continental springs to geothermally heated subsurface sediments. Thermophilic iron reducers do not belong to a phylogenetically homogenous group and include representatives of many bacterial and archaeal taxa. Iron reducing thermophiles can couple Fe(III) reduction with oxidation of a wide spectrum of organic and inorganic compounds. In the thermophilic microbial community, they can fulfil both degradative and productive functions. Thermophilic prokaryotes probably carried out global reduction of metals on Earth in ancient times, and, at the same time, they are promising candidates for use in modern biotechnological processes. 相似文献
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Sergey N. Gavrilov Jonathan R. Lloyd Nadezhda A. Kostrikina Alexander I. Slobodkin 《Geomicrobiology journal》2013,30(9):804-819
Physiological strategies driving the reduction of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide by the thermophilic Gram-positive dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium C. ferrireducens were evaluated. Direct cell-to-mineral contact appears to be the major physiological strategy for ferrihydrite reduction. This strategy is promoted by cell surface-associated c-type cytochromes, and the extracellular electron transfer to ferrihydrite is linked to energy generation via a membrane-bound electron transport chain. The involvement of pili-like appendages in ferrihydrite reduction has been detected for the first time in a thermophilic microorganism. A supplementary strategy for the utilization of a siderophore (DFO) in dissimilatory ferrihydrite reduction has also been characterized. 相似文献
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海底微生物燃料电池具有底物丰富、可长期运行、维护成本低和环境友好等特点,具有很好的研究价值和广阔的发展前景。但由于其低的功率密度输出和长期运行的不稳定性,使海底微生物燃料电池尚未得到广泛地实际应用。选取海底沉积泥用于实验室构建的海底微生物燃料电池装置中,比较了在不同阳极材料、阴阳极面积比、阳极修饰、阳极泥下深度条件下海底微生物燃料电池的功率密度输出及其电化学性能,得出最佳的海底微生物燃料电池阳极材料为碳毡;阴极及电极最佳面积比为1∶1;最佳阳极修饰为氨水浸渍;最佳阳极泥下深度为2 cm。 相似文献
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Chromium (VI) is a priority pollutant in soil and water and poses serious threats to the environment. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), as a sustainable technology, have been applied to treat heavy-metal-contaminated wastewater. To study MFC application in soil remediation, red clay soil and fluvo-aquic soil were spiked with Cr(VI) and packed into a cathode chamber of MFCs, which were then operated at external resistances of 100 and 1000 Ω for 16 days, with open circuit condition as a control treatment. After the operation, the concentration of dissolved Cr(VI) in supernatant and total Cr(VI) in soil was decreased. Soil type and external resistance significantly affected the current, removal efficiency of Cr(VI), and cathode efficiency. Reducing external resistance improved the removal efficiency. The red soil generated a higher current of MFCs, but showed a lower removal efficiency and cathode efficiency than fluvo-aquic soil, implying that the red soil may contain more electron acceptors that competed with Cr(VI) reduction reaction. Our study demonstrated that MFC-based technology has the potential to remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated soil; the efficiency varied between soil types and can be improved with high current. 相似文献
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《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(3):670-672
We developed a semi-automated genome analysis system called GAMBLER in order to support the current whole-genome sequencing project focusing on alkaliphilic Bacillus halodurans C-125. GAMBLER was designed to reduce the human intervention required and to reduce the complications in annotating thousands of ORFs in the microbial genome. GAMBLER automates three major routines: analyzing assembly results provided by genome assembler software, assigning ORFs, and homology searching. GAMBLER is equipped with an interface for convenience of annotation. All processes and options are manipulatable through a WWW browser that enables scientists to share their genome analysis results without choosing computer platforms. 相似文献
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Stéphanie Loyaux-Lawniczak Stéphane Vuilleumier Valérie A. Geoffroy 《Geomicrobiology journal》2019,36(5):423-432
The genus Paenibacillus was hardly described as a Fe(III)-reducing agent, only limited to reduce soluble forms or Fe inserted in poorly crystallized structures. In this study, three Paenibacillus strains capable of reducing manganese oxides in addition to iron oxides were isolated from Cameroonian and Brazilian soils. These strains reduced iron minerals from poorly crystallized 2-line ferrihydrite to well-crystallized Al-substituted and pure goethite with a significant production of soluble ferrous iron. These Paenibacillus strains, inhabitants from ferralitic temporarily waterlogged soils, could play an important role in the bioweathering of minerals and metal mobility in soils. 相似文献
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近年来,微生物燃料电池已引起了广泛关注,它将低能量废水和木质纤维素生物质等有机废物转化为电能。在将来,微生物电能将成为一种重要的生物能源,因为微生物燃料电池提供了一种复合有机物和可再生生物能源中提取电能的可行性。人们研究了许多物质,以考察其是否能作为微生物电能转化的底物。这些物质包括人工的和天然废物,以及木质纤维素生物质。尽管现在微生物燃料电池提供的电流和功率较低,但是随着技术的发展和对微生物燃料电池系统的深入了解,微生物燃料电池转化的电流和电力将极大增加,从而向世人提供了一种可以将纤维素生物质和废水直接转化为有用能源的有效方法。本文介绍了迄今为止在微生物燃料电池中用到的各种反应底物,并对它们的应用效率和存在的不足进行了分析。 相似文献
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Qingtao Liu Yongcheng Li Lirong Zheng Jiaxiang Shang Xiaofang Liu Ronghai Yu Jianglan Shui 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(20)
Carbon‐supported precious metal single‐atom catalysts (PM SACs) have shown promising application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, the coordination principle of the active site, consisting of one PM atom and several coordinating anions, is still unclear for PM SACs. Here, a sequential coordination method is developed to dope a large amount of PM atoms (Ir, Rh, Pt and Pd) into a zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF), which are further pyrolyzed into nitrogen‐coordinated PM SACs. The PM loadings are as high as 1.2–4.5 wt%, achieving the highest PM loadings in ZIF‐derived SACs to date. In the acidic half‐cell, Ir1‐N/C and Rh1‐N/C exhibit much higher oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities than nanoparticle catalysts Ir/C and Rh/C. In the contrast, the activities of Pd1‐N/C and Pt1‐N/C are considerably lower than Pd/C and Pt/C. Density function theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the ORR activity of PM SAC depends on the match between the OH* adsorption on PM and the electronegativity of coordinating anions, and the stronger OH* adsorption is, the higher electronegativity is needed for the coordinating anions. PEMFC tests confirm the active‐site coordination principle and show the extremely high atomic efficiency of Ir1‐N/C. The revealed principle provides guidance for designing future PM SACs for PEMFCs. 相似文献