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1.
Linkages between restriction fragment length,isozyme, and morphological markers in lentil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. J. Havey F. J. Muehlbauer 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1989,77(3):395-401
Summary A genetic linkage map of lentil comprising 333 centimorgans (cM) was constructed from 20 restriction fragment length, 8 isozyme, and 6 morphological markers segregating in a single interspecific cross (Lens culinaris × L. orientalis). Because the genotypes at marker loci were determined for about 66 F2 plants, linkages are only reported for estimates of recombination less than 30 cM. Probes for identification of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were isolated from a cDNA and EcoRI and PstI partial genomic libraries of lentil. The cDNA library gave the highest frequency of relatively low-copy-number probes. The cDNAs were about twice as efficient, relative to random genomic fragments, in RFLP detection per probe. Nine markers showed significant deviations from the expected F2 ratios and tended to show a predominance of alleles from the cultigen. Assuming a genome size of 10 Morgans, 50% of the lentil genome could be linked within 10 cM of the 34 markers and the map is of sufficient size to attempt mapping of quantitative trait loci. 相似文献
2.
H. D. Bradshaw Jr. R. F. Stettler 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,89(5):551-558
Distortion of expected Mendelian segregation ratios, commonly observed in many plant taxa, has been detected in an experimental three-generation inbred pedigree of Populus founded by interspecific hybridization between P. trichocarpa and P. deltoides. An RFLP linkage map was constructed around a single locus showing severe skewing of segregation ratio against F2 trees carrying the P. trichocarpa allele in homozygous form. Several hypotheses for the mechanism of segregation distortion at this locus were tested, including directional chromosome loss, segregation of a pollen lethal allele, conflicts between genetic factors that isolate the parental species, and inbreeding depression as a result of genetic load. Breeding experiments to produce inbred and outcrossed progenies were combined with PCR-based detection of RFLPs to follow the fate of the deficient allele throughout embryo and seedling development. A recessive lethal allele, lth, inherited from the P. trichocarpa parent, was found to be tightly linked to the RFLP marker locus POP1054 and to cause embryo and seedling mortality. Heterozygotes (lth/+) appear to be phenotypically normal as embryos, seedlings, and young trees.Abbreviations
RFLP
restriction fragment length polymorphism
-
PCR
polymerase chain reaction
-
STS
sequence-tagged site
-
SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate 相似文献
3.
M. Gaudet V. Jorge I. Paolucci I. Beritognolo G. Scarascia Mugnozza M. Sabatti 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(1):25-36
Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is a tree of ecological and economic interest. A better knowledge of P. nigra genome is needed for an effective protection and use of its genetic resources. The main objective of this study is the construction
of a highly informative genetic map of P. nigra species including genes of adaptive and economic interest. Two genotypes originated from contrasted natural Italian populations
were crossed to generate a F1 mapping pedigree of 165 individuals. Amplification fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), simple sequence repeat (SSR), and
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to genotype 92 F1 individuals, and the pseudo-test-cross strategy was applied for linkage analysis. The female parent map included 368 markers
(274 AFLPs, 91 SSRs, and 3 SNPs) and spanned 2,104 cM with 20 linkage groups, and the male parent map, including 317 markers
(205 AFLPs, 106 SSRs, 5 SNPs, and sex trait), spanned 2,453 cM with 23 main linkage groups. The sex, as morphological trait,
was mapped on the linkage group XIX of the male parent map. The generated maps are among the most informative in SSRs when
compared to the Populus maps published so far and allow a complete alignment with the 19 haploid chromosomes of Populus sequence genome. These genetic maps provide informative tools for a better understanding of P. nigra genome structure and genetic improvement of this ecologically and economically important European tree species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
4.
RFLP and RAPD mapping in flax (Linum usitatissimum) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. J. Oh M. Gorman C. A. Cullis 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(4):590-593
A map of flax (Linum usitatissimum) using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), and comprising 15
linkage groups containing 94 markers, has been developed covering about 1000 cM. The mapping populations were the F2 populations from two crosses between diverse cultivars. From one cross, CI1303 and Stormont Cirrus, 20 RFLP and 520 RAPD
markers were analyzed. Thirteen RFLP and 80 RAPD markers were on the 15 linkage groups, in addition to one sequence-tagged
site (STS). Seven polymorphic RAPD markers were found to have unusual segregation patterns. RAPDs were expressed as dominant
markers, but for these markers a prevalence of the progeny lacked a band rather than the expected one-fourth ratio. However,
these exceptions may be related to the instability of the genome of Stormont Cirrus in which stable and heritable genomic
changes can be induced by environmental factors. The current map could be used for the identification of markers linked to
loci controlling the ability to generate heritable changes in response to environmental growth conditions, and to develop
anchor loci with STSs for a more general application.
Received: 20 March 1999 / Accepted: 16 December 1999 相似文献
5.
Genetic analysis of RFLPs, GATA microsatellites and RAPDs in a cross between L. esculentum and L. pimpinellifolium 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. Grandillo S. D. Tanksley 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,92(8):957-965
A population of 257 BC1 plants was developed from a cross between an elite processing line of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cvM82-1-7) and the closely related wild species L. pimpinellifolium (LA1589). The population was used to construct a genetic linkage map suitable for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to be conducted in different backcross generations. The map comprises 115 RFLP, 3 RAPD and 2 morphological markers that span 1279 cM of the tomato genome with an average distance between markers of 10.7 cM. This map is comparable in length to that of the highdensity RFLP map derived from a L. esculentum x L. pennellii F2 population. The order of the markers in the two maps is also in good agreement, however there are considerable differences in the distribution of recombination along the chromosomes. The segregation of six GATA-containing loci and 47 RAPD markers was also analyzed in subsets of the population. All of the microsatellite loci and 35 (75%) of the RAPDs mapped to clusters associated with centromeric regions. 相似文献
6.
Stojałowski S Myśków B Milczarski P Masojć P 《Cellular & molecular biology letters》2009,14(2):190-198
Four F2 mapping populations derived from crosses between rye inbred lines DS2×RXL10, 541×Ot1-3, S120×S76 and 544×Ot0-20 were used
to develop a consensus map of chromosome 6R. Thirteen marker loci that were polymorphic in more than one mapping population
constituted the basis for the alignment of the four maps using the JoinMap v. 3.0 software package. The consensus map consists
of 104 molecular marker loci including RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLPs, SSRs, ISSRs, SCARs, STSs and isozymes. The average distance between
the marker loci is 1.3 cM, and the total map length is 135.5 cM. This consensus map may be used as a source of molecular markers
for the rapid development of new maps of chromosome 6R in any mapping population. 相似文献
7.
该研究以二倍体三色堇和角堇为亲本杂交产生的66株F2代分离群体为作图群体,采用SRAP标记技术进行基因分型,利用JoinMap4.0软件构建了首张三色堇与角堇的种间遗传连锁图谱。结果表明:(1)从256对SRAP引物组合中筛选获得50对多态性好、标记位点清晰且稳定的引物组合。(2)通过对三色堇F2代群体的PCR扩增,共获得118个SRAP多态性标记位点,其中偏分离标记率为24.6%,符合遗传作图需要。(3)成功构建了三色堇和角堇的种间分子遗传连锁图谱,该图谱有15个连锁群,67个SRAP标记,连锁群长度范围1.6~52.2 cM,覆盖基因组总长度327.9 cM,标记间平均图距为4.9 cM。研究结果为三色堇和角堇高密度遗传图谱构建和重要性状的基因定位及分子标记辅助选择育种奠定了基础。 相似文献
8.
Birte Pakull Katrin Groppe Matthias Meyer Torsten Markussen Matthias Fladung 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(3):505-515
A large number of simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker-containing genetic maps are available for several Populus species. For aspen however, no SSR-containing map has been published so far. In this study, genetic linkage mapping was carried
out with an interspecific mapping pedigree of 61 full-sib hybrids of European × quaking aspen (Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.), using the two-way pseudo-testcross strategy. Amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) and SSR markers were
used for mapping, resulting in the first SSR-containing genetic linkage maps for aspen. The maps allow comparisons with a
Populus consensus map and other published genetic maps of the genus Populus. The maps showed good collinearity to each other and to the Populus consensus map and provide a direct link to the Populus trichocarpa genomic sequence. Sex as a morphological trait was assessed in the mapping population and mapped on a non-terminal position
of linkage group XIX on the male P. tremuloides map. 相似文献
9.
Development of an RFLP linkage map in diploid peanut species 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
T. Halward H. T. Stalker G. Kochert 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1993,87(3):379-384
An RFLP linkage map of peanut has been developed for use in genetic studies and breeding programs aimed at improving the cultivated species (Arachis hypogaea L.). An F2 population derived from the interspecific hybridization of two related diploid species in the sectionArachis (A. stenosperma ×A. cardenasii) was used to construct the map. Both random genomic and cDNA clones were used to develop the framework of the map. In addition, three cDNA clones representing genes coding for enzymes involved in the lipid biosynthesis pathway have been mapped in peanut. Of the 100 genomic and 300 cDNA clones evaluated, 15 and 190, respectively, revealed polymorphisms among the parents of our mapping population. Unfortunately, a large number of these produced complex banding patterns that could not be mapped. Of the 132 markers analyzed for segregation, 117 are distributed among 11 linkage groups, while 15 have not yet been associated with any other marker. A total map distance of approximately 1063 cM has been covered to-date. 相似文献
10.
Naoki Kishimoto Majid R. Foolad Etsuo Shimosaka Seiji Matsuura Akira Saito 《Plant cell reports》1993,12(7-8):457-461
Application of genetic linkage maps in plant genetics and breeding can be greatly facilitated by integrating the available classical and molecular genetic linkage maps. In rice, Oryza sativa L., the classical linkage map includes about 300 genes which correspond to various important morphological, physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics. The molecular maps consist of more than 500 DNA markers which cover most of the genome within relatively short intervals. Little effort has been made to integrate these two genetic maps. In this paper we report preliminary results of an ongoing research project aimed at the complete integration and alignment of the two linkage maps of rice. Six different F2 populations segregating for various phenotypic and RFLP markers were used and a total of 12 morphological and physiological markers (Table 1) were mapped onto our recently constructed molecular map. Six linkage groups (i.e., chr. 1, 3, 7, 9, 11 and 12) on our RFLP map were aligned with the corresponding linkage groups on the classical map, and the previous alignment for chromosome 6 was further confirmed by RFLP mapping of an additional physiological marker on this chromosome. Results from this study, combined with our previous results, indicate that, for most chromosomes in rice, the RFLP map encompasses the classical map. The usefulness of an integrated genetic linkage map for rice genetics and breeding is discussed.Abbreviations RFLP
restriction fragment length polymorphism
- chr
chromosome
- cM
centiMorgan 相似文献
11.
The comparison of RFLP,RAPD, AFLP and SSR (microsatellite) markers for germplasm analysis 总被引:71,自引:0,他引:71
Wayne Powell Michele Morgante Chaz Andre Michael Hanafey Julie Vogel Scott Tingey Antoni Rafalski 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》1996,2(3):225-238
The utility of RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), RAPD (random-amplified polymorphic DNA), AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and SSR (simple sequence repeat, microsatellite) markers in soybean germplasm analysis was determined by evaluating information content (expected heterozygosity), number of loci simultaneously analyzed per experiment (multiplex ratio) and effectiveness in assessing relationships between accessions. SSR markers have the highest expected heterozygosity (0.60), while AFLP markers have the highest effective multiplex ratio (19). A single parameter, defined as the marker index, which is the product of expected heterozygosity and multiplex ratio, may be used to evaluate overall utility of a marker system. A comparison of genetic similarity matrices revealed that, if the comparison involved both cultivated (Glycine max) and wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions, estimates based on RFLPs, AFLPs and SSRs are highly correlated, indicating congruence between these assays. However, correlations of RAPD marker data with those obtained using other marker systems were lower. This is because RAPDs produce higher estimates of interspecific similarities. If the comparisons involvedG. max only, then overall correlations between marker systems are significantly lower. WithinG. max, RAPD and AFLP similarity estimates are more closely correlated than those involving other marker systems.Abbreviations RFLP
restriction fragment length plymorphism
- RAPD
random-amplified polymorphic DNA
- AFLP
amplified fragment length polymorphism
- SSR
simple sequence repeat
- PCR
polymerase chain reaction
- TBE
Tris-borate-EDTA buffer
- MI
marker index
- SENA
sum of effective numbers of alleles 相似文献
12.
M. Rossi D. Lijavetzky H. E. Hopp N. Iusem D. Bernacchi M. Rossi H. E. Hopp N. Iusem 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1996,252(4):489-492
Asr1, Asr2 andAsr3 are three homologous clones isolated from tomato whose expression is believed to be regulated by abscisic acid (ABA); the corresponding genes thus participate in physiological and developmental processes such as responses of leaf and root to water stress, and fruit ripening. In this report, results obtained with Near Isogenic Lines reveal thatAsr1, Asr2 andAsr3 represent three different loci. In addition, we map these genes on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) map of the tomato genome by using an F2 population derived from an interspecific hybrid crossL. esculentum × L. penelli. RFLP data allow us to map these genes on chromosome 4, suggesting that they belong to a gene family. The elucidation of the genomic organization of theAsr gene family may help in understanding the role of its members in the response to osmotic stress, as well as in fruit ripening, at the molecular level. 相似文献
13.
Román B Satovic Z Pozarkova D Macas J Dolezel J Cubero JI Torres AM 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2004,108(6):1079-1088
A composite map of the Vicia faba genome based on morphological markers, isozymes, RAPDs, seed protein genes and microsatellites was constructed. The map incorporates data from 11 F2 families for a total of 654 individuals all sharing the common female parent Vf 6. The integrated map is arranged in 14 major linkage groups (five of which were located in specific chromosomes). These linkage groups include 192 loci and cover 1,559 cM with an overall average marker interval of 8 cM. By joining data of a new F2 population segregating for resistance to ascochyta, broomrape and others traits of agronomic interest, have been saturated new areas of the genome. The combination of trisomic segregation, linkage analysis among loci from different families with a recurrent parent, and the analysis of new physically located markers, has allowed the establishment of the present status of the V. faba map with a wide coverage. This map provides an efficient tool in breeding applications such as disease-resistance mapping, QTL analyses and marker-assisted selection.Communicated by J.W. Snape 相似文献
14.
Bo Zhang Chunfa Tong Tongming Yin Xinye Zhang Qiang Zhuge Minren Huang Mingxiu Wang Rongling Wu 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(3):539-552
The capacity to root from cuttings is a key factor for the mass deployment of superior genotypes in clonal forestry. We studied
the genetic basis of rooting capacity by mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control growth rate and form of root
traits in a full-sib family of 93 hybrids derived from an interspecific cross between two Populus species, P. deltoides and P. euramericana. The hybrid family was typed for different marker systems (including SSRs, AFLPs, RAPDs, ISSRs, and SNPs), leading to the
construction of two linkage maps based on the female P. deltoides (D map) and male P. euramericana (E map) with a pseudotestcross mapping strategy. The two maps were scanned by functional mapping to detect QTLs that control
early growth trajectories of two rooting traits, maximal single-root length and the total number of roots per cutting, measured
at five time points in water culture. Of the six QTLs detected for these two growth traits, only one is segregating in P. deltoides with poor rooting capacity, while the other five are segregating in P. euramericana showing good rooting capacity. Tests with functional mapping suggest different developmental patterns of the genetic effects
of these root QTLs in time course. Five QTLs were detected to change their effects on root growth trajectories with time,
whereas one detected to affect root growth consistently in time course. Knowledge about the genetic and developmental control
mechanisms of root QTLs will have important implications for the genetic improvement of vegetative propagation traits in Populus. 相似文献
15.
David A. Patton Linda H. Franzmann David W. Meinke 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1991,227(3):337-347
Summary We have previously isolated and characterized over 90 recessive mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana defective in embryo development. These emb mutants have been shown to differ in lethal phase, extent of abnormal development, and response in culture. We demonstrate in this report the value and efficiency of mapping emb genes relative to visible and molecular markers. Sixteen genes essential for embryo development were mapped relative to visible markers by analyzing progeny of selfed F1 plants. Embryonic lethals are now the most common type of visible marker included on the linkage map of Arabidopsis. Backcrosses were used in several cases to orient genes relative to adjacent markers. Three genes were located to chromosome arms with telotrisomics by screening for a reduction in the percentage of aborted seeds produced by F1 plants. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping strategy that utilizes pooled EMB/EMB F2 plants was devised to increase the efficiency of mapping embryonic lethals relative to molecular markers. This strategy was tested by demonstrating that the biol locus of Arabidopsis is within 0.5 cM of an existing RFLP marker. Mapping embryonic lethals with both visible and molecular markers may therefore help to identify large numbers of genes with essential functions in Arabidopsis. 相似文献
16.
Isabella Paolucci Muriel Gaudet Véronique Jorge Isacco Beritognolo Serena Terzoli Elena Kuzminsky Rosario Muleo Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza Maurizio Sabatti 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2010,6(6):863-875
White poplar (Populus alba L.) is native to Eurasia and is unexploited for its growth potential and stress-adaptive mechanisms. A better knowledge of
its genome will allow for more effective protection and use of critical genetic resources. The main objective of this study
was the construction of highly informative P. alba genetic maps. Two genotypes were selected from contrasting natural Italian populations and crossed to generate an F1 mapping pedigree. Amplified fragment length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers were used to genotype 141 F1 individuals. The pseudo-testcross strategy was applied for linkage analysis. The generated maps showed good overall colinearity
to each other and allowed for a complete alignment with the 19 haploid chromosomes of the Populus genome sequence. The locus that determines sex as a morphological trait was positioned on a non-terminal position of LG XIX
of the female parent map. Comparison among Populus species revealed differences in the location of the sex locus on LG XIX as well as inconsistencies in the heterogametic sex.
The genetic analysis of the sex locus in P. alba provides insights into sex determination in the genus and is useful for the identification of sex-linked markers and the
early assessment of plant gender. Furthermore, these genetic maps will greatly facilitate the study of the genomics of Populus and how it can be exploited in applied breeding programs. 相似文献
17.
A. Kaga M. Ohnishi T. Ishii O. Kamijima 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,93(5-6):658-663
A genetic linkage map of azuki bean (Vigna angularis) was constructed with molecular and morphological markers using an F2 population of an interspecific cross between azuki bean and its wild relative, V. nakashimae. In total, 132 markers (108 RAPD, 19 RFLP and five morphological markers) were mapped in 14 linkage groups covering 1250 cM; ten remained unlinked. The clusters of markers showing distorted segregation were found in linkage groups 2, 8 and 12. By comparing the azuki linkage map with those of mungbean and cowpea, using 20 RFLP common markers, some sets of the markers were found to belong to the same linkage groups of the respective maps, indicating that these linkage blocks are conserved among the three Vigna species. This map provides a tool for markerassisted selection and for studies of genome organization in Vigna species. 相似文献
18.
A linkage map of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) genome containing cloned sequences of known function and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
B. J. Gilpin J. A. McCallum T. J. Frew G. M. Timmerman-Vaughan 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(8):1289-1299
A linkage map of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) genome is presented which is based on F2 plants produced by crossing the marrowfat cultivar ‘Primo’ and the blue-pea breeding line ‘OSU442-15’. This linkage map consists
of 209 markers and covers 1330 cM (Kosambi units) and includes RFLP, RAPD and AFLP markers. By mapping a number of anchor
loci, the ‘Primo’בOSU442-15’ map has been related to other pea linkage maps. A feature of the map is the incorporation of
29 loci representing genes of known function, obtained from other laboratories. The map also contains RFLP loci detected using
sequence-characterized cDNA clones developed in our laboratory. The putative identities of 38 of these cDNA clones were assigned
by examining public-sequence databases for protein or nucleotide-sequence similarities. The conversion of sequence-characterized
pea cDNAs into PCR-amplifiable and polymorphic sequence-tagged sites (STSs) was investigated using 18 pairs of primers designed
for single-copy sequences. Eleven polymorphic STSs were developed.
Received: 18 June 1997 / Accepted: 11 August 1997 相似文献
19.
Myburg AA Griffin AR Sederoff RR Whetten RW 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,107(6):1028-1042
Comparative genetic mapping in interspecific pedigrees presents a powerful approach to study genetic differentiation, genome evolution and reproductive isolation in diverging species. We used this approach for genetic analysis of an F1 hybrid of two Eucalyptus tree species, Eucalyptus grandis (W. Hill ex Maiden.) and Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.). This wide interspecific cross is characterized by hybrid inviability and hybrid abnormality. Approximately 20% of loci in the genome of the F1 hybrid are expected to be hemizygous due to a difference in genome size between E. grandis (640 Mbp) and E. globulus (530 Mbp). We investigated the extent of colinearity between the two genomes and the distribution of hemizygous loci in the F1 hybrid using high-throughput, semi-automated AFLP marker analysis. Two pseudo-backcross families (backcrosses of an F1 individual to non-parental individuals of the parental species) were each genotyped with more than 800 AFLP markers. This allowed construction of de novo comparative genetic linkage maps of the F1 hybrid and the two backcross parents. All shared AFLP marker loci in the three single-tree parental maps were found to be colinear and little evidence was found for gross chromosomal rearrangements. Our results suggest that hemizygous AFLP loci are dispersed throughout the E. grandis chromosomes of the F1 hybrid.Communicated by O. Savolainen 相似文献
20.
P. J. Balint-Kurti M. S. Dixon D. A. Jones K. A. Norcott J. D. G. Jones 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,88(6-7):691-700
Four different populations segregating for one of the two closely linked (possibly allelic) tomato disease resistance genes to the fungusCladosporium fulvum,Cf-4 andCf-9, were generated and analysed for recombination frequencies between theCf-genes and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci. The population consisting of F2 progeny from the interspecific crossLycopersicon esculentum carryingCf-9 ×L. pennellii was identified as the most useful for RFLP mapping of theCf-4/9 locus and an RFLP map around this locus was constructed mainly using this population. The two closest markers identified were CP46, 2.6 cM distal, and a group of 11 markers including TG236, 3.7 cM proximal toCf-4/9. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based procedure for the rapid identification of recombination events between these two markers was developed. The regions of foreign DNA introgression surroundingCf-4 andCf-9 in near-isogenic lines were delimited. 相似文献