《储藏物昆虫和农业螨类研究》

《储藏物昆虫和农业螨类研究》——李隆述论文选,已于2000年由四川科学技术出版社正式出版。 该书主要以李隆术先生的研究论文编辑而成。全书分为仓储昆虫学研究、蜱螨学研究和农业昆虫学研究3个部分,各部分按论文发表时间的先后次序排列,可以反映出李隆术先生学术思想的发展,同时也从一个侧面反映了我国储藏物害虫和农业螨类研究领域的发展历程。 该书较全面地反映了中国仓库害虫生态研究、中国粮堆生态系统研究、以及中国农业螨类生态研究的学术成果。对仓库害虫防治、储藏物昆虫生态、城市害虫防治以及螨类研究工作者有重要的参考价值。同时该书也可供植物保护、农业昆虫及害虫防治专业、方向的教师、研究生和大学生参考。 该书印刷精美,16开精装,共45万字,定价60元,有正规发票。如需要者,请与重庆北碚西南农业大学植保系张永毅老师联系(邮编400716)。电话：023—68251795;E-mail：epcl@swau.edu.cn 丁伟 (西南农业大学植保系)     

无脊椎动物病毒研究的某些进展

无脊椎动物占地球上整个动物种的80％,据Martignoni等的统计,从无脊椎动物中分离的病毒约1288种,其中绝大多数为昆虫病毒,有1255种,螨类的病毒16种,除昆虫和螨类外的其他无脊椎动物病毒约17种。 昆虫病毒中的杆状病毒,其形态结构和形态发生十分特殊,在整个病毒学中占有重要地     

中国半扇毛螨属两新种记述(蜱螨亚纲,肉食螨科)

记述肉食螨科Cheyletidae,半扇毛螨属Hemicheyletia 的2新种:采自贵阳储藏中药材连翘内的多毛半扇毛螨Hemicheyletiapolyseta sp.nov.,采自贵阳储藏中药材甘松内的贵阳半扇毛螨Hemicheyletia guiyangensis sp.nov..标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所.     

中国下盾螨亚科昆虫相关的革螨(蜱螨亚纲:中气门目:厉螨科)

下盾螨亚科的革螨多为营自由牛活的捕食者,其中有一部分种类与昆虫密切相关,人们已经开始关注这些螨类在生物防治领域中的应用潜力.本文首次整理出中国与昆虫相关的下盾螨业科的革螨2属31种,其中下盾螨属Hypoaspis 28种,占90.32%;鞘厉螨属Coleolaelaps 3种,占9.68%.在昆虫的体表发现15种,占48.39%;在昆虫的巢穴和洞道中发现16种,占51.61%.     

江苏沿江地区出口产品仓储昆虫群落结构数量特征研究

对江苏沿江地区出口产品仓储昆虫进行调查,分析了5种出口产品仓储昆虫群落的优势种.利用群落物种的丰富度、生态优势度、多样性和均匀度等群落特征指数,研究了5种类型出口产品仓储昆虫群落结构的数量特征,并分析了它们的相似性.通过系统聚类分析将5种群落分为4类,草柳藤制品和羽绒制品仓储昆虫群落同属一类,其它3种产品仓储昆虫群落各属一类.除木制品群落结构相对合理外,其它群落结构都不合理,皮毛制品群落结构尤其不合理.     

江苏沿江地区出口产品仓储昆虫群落结构数量特征研究

对江苏沿江地区出口产品仓储昆虫进行调查,分析了5种出口产品仓储昆虫群落的优势种.利用群落物种的丰富度、生态优势度、多样性和均匀度等群落特征指数,研究了5种类型出口产品仓储昆虫群落结构的数量特征,并分析了它们的相似性.通过系统聚类分析将5种群落分为4类,草柳藤制品和羽绒制品仓储昆虫群落同属一类,其它3种产品仓储昆虫群落各属一类.除木制品群落结构相对合理外,其它群落结构都不合理,皮毛制品群落结构尤其不合理.     

世界上各种昆虫病原病毒的最新统计报告

世界上的昆虫种类达一百万种之多,已发现的昆虫病毒究竟有多少种?在不同时期有不同的统计数字。1949年报导的,可感染昆虫的病毒约100种;1960年增加到200种;1975年,David列出昆虫与螨类的病毒为721种;1977年,Martignoni和Iwai列出感染昆虫和螨类的病毒约1 000种;1979年,福原敏彦归纳为849     

纳氏皱皮螨生活史的研究

纳氏皱皮螨Suidasia nesbitti Hughes是我国重要储藏物螨类之一.在我国大陆和台湾省,腐食酪螨Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank)是最重要的储藏物螨类,其次是皱皮螨属Suidasia的二个种,即大陆的纳氏皱皮螨和台湾省的棉兰皱皮螨S. medanensis Oudemans.本文研究了纳氏皱皮螨的生活史,并对生活史各发育阶段的形态进行描述.本文还对纳氏皱皮螨和棉兰皱皮螨的形态,分布和为害情况列表进行比较.     

腐食酪螨有效积温的研究

腐食酪螨 Tyrophagus putrescentiae(Schrank) ,是世界性仓储物品和食用菌重要害螨 ,也是人体皮炎、体内螨病及螨性过敏的主要病原。本文研究了该螨的有效积温。经测定 ,腐食酪螨全世代的发育始点为 8.38± 1.5 1℃ ,有效积温为 2 2 1.72日度 ;卵、幼螨、第一若螨和第二若螨的发育始点分别为 10 .4 7± 2 .31℃、8.0 9± 2 .36℃、9.0 9± 1.16℃和 10 .5 9± 1.73℃ ,有效积温分别为 4 1.79日度、5 8.0 6日度、36 .2 7日度和 39.5 3日度。     

寄生性天敌蒲螨研究进展

蒲螨属Pyemotes具有特殊的生活史和形态特征,是多种害虫的体外寄生性天敌。蒲螨属的种按照形态等特点分为2个组,分别为小蠹蒲螨组(Pyemotes scolyti group)和球腹蒲螨组(Pyemotes ventricosus group)。国内外对蒲螨毒素的研究较多,已知其属于昆虫神经毒素,能使寄主昆虫永久性麻痹,有些种类还能引起人类和动物皮炎。对一些种类蒲螨的毒素组成成分、毒素基因重组技术等进行研究,对蒲螨毒素基因的优化和重组仍将是进一步研究的热点。作为一类很有潜能的害虫天敌资源,蒲螨应用方面的报道还较少,国外集中在麦蒲螨对仓储害虫和红火蚁的防治方面;我国有利用小蠹蒲螨防治小蠹虫的报道,近年来防治双条杉天牛取得成功,表明其用于防治钻蛀性害虫特别是蛀干害虫和地下害虫前景良好,因此,应对蒲螨蒲螨寄主谱、寄主选择机理、寄生机理等进行深入研究。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000