铁缺乏及运动对大鼠红细胞膜圆二色谱,膜表面电荷及膜…

采用圆二色谱、膜表面电荷及膜流动性指标测定了铁缺乏和运动大鼠红细胞膜的损伤变化。发现铁缺乏和运动两因素同时在时红细胞膜蛋白的α－螺旋含量显著偏高,边缘缺铁运动组偏低。运动使红细胞表面电荷显著下降。反映膜脂质流动性的ｒ值各实验组差异不显著。提示缺铁和运动所致膜损伤与膜蛋白氧化修饰或膜蛋白成分增减有关。     

伴刀豆球蛋白A与巨噬细胞膜受体结合引起膜蛋白和膜脂分子运动及电荷的变化

本文利用荧光漂白恢复,顺磁共振和细胞电泳等技术研究外源性配体伴刀豆球蛋白A与巨噬细胞膜受体结合后膜蛋白及膜脂分子运动以及细胞表面电荷变化,结果表明,细胞膜表面蛋白分子侧向扩散速度减慢;膜脂分子流动性减慢,烃链有序性增强;细胞电泳速度加快。此等对阐明伴刀豆球蛋白A作为外源信息导致细胞膜分子动力学变化以及电荷改变有重要的生物学意义。     

层粘连蛋白与膜受体结合下膜受体构象与膜脂有序性的研究

配体蛋白与细胞膜受体蛋白结合后,可引起膜受体的构象与膜脂的有序性变化.本文研究外源性层粘连蛋白与腹水肝癌细胞膜受体结合后膜热量变化,膜序参数改变和膜电荷及细胞迁移率的变更.就膜蛋白构象与膜脂有序性以及膜电荷等方面改变的生理意义与层粘连蛋白抗癌细胞脱落转移寻找理论关系.本文应用微量量热法、顺磁共振和细胞电泳等技术,得知层粘连蛋白与癌细胞膜作用后细胞膜有放热效应,膜流动性增大,细胞电泳动变慢.癌细胞膜的这些变化对于限制癌的恶性生长与脱落均起重要作用.     

竹红菌甲素对红细胞膜和几种磷脂脂质体膜的流动性的光敏损伤

本文以荧光探针为手段,通过测量膜偏振度的变化,探讨了竹红菌甲素光敏作用对红细胞膜和几种磷脂脂质体膜的流动性的损伤。结果表明,甲素光敏作用使不同种类的磷脂(DPPC,DPPC/DPPE,红细胞膜磷脂)脂质体的流动性增加,其对光敏作用的敏感程度为红细胞膜磷脂脂质体显著小于DPPC/DPPE脂质体及DPPC脂质体。对红细胞膜来说,甲素光敏作用使其流动性呈现先降低而后增加的现象。去除膜上的spectrin以及用胰蛋白酶处理可使这种流动性变化的幅度受到抑制。据此,我们认为,膜磷脂,膜蛋白对甲素光敏作用中膜流动性的变化有着不同的影响,膜蛋白,特别是spectrin,是其中极重要的因素。     

囊膜病毒膜融合分子机制研究进展

囊膜病毒通过病毒与宿主细胞膜融合的方式感染宿主,病毒囊膜蛋白介导了膜融合过程。根据这些囊膜蛋白在病毒囊膜表面的排列、蛋白结构及其在融合肽中的位置不同,可将囊膜病毒分为三类,其利用这些囊膜特殊的蛋白分子与受体相互作用完成膜融合。在分子水平上研究这一过程有助于认识病毒侵染的本质和发现关键环节,达到预防与治疗病毒病的目的。     

亚硒酸钠对肿瘤细胞膜流动性及致癌性的影响

 本文为探讨硒抗肿瘤的机理而开展了硒对小鼠腹水型肝癌(Hep.A)细胞膜流动性影响的研究。结果表明;1.腹水型肝癌细胞膜流动性明显高于正常肝细胞的膜流动性。2.硒能显著降低腹水型肝癌细胞膜的流动性,而对正常肝细胞的膜流动性没有明显影响。3.通过降低腹水型肝癌细胞膜的流动性,可降低肿瘤细胞的致癌力。     

金属硫蛋白抗内皮素损伤膜蛋白的电子顺磁共振自旋标记研究

以大鼠红细胞膜为研究对象,以脂肪酸自旋标记物５ＮＳ,１６ＮＳ插入膜脂,蛋白自旋标记物ＭＳＬ标记膜蛋白,观察内皮素（ＥＴ）损伤后膜脂流动性、膜蛋白构象的变化及金属硫蛋白（ＭＴ）抗ＥＴ保护生物膜作用。结果表明ＥＴ（１×１０－９,１０－８及１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对膜脂流动性无明显影响,但在５×１０－９及１×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度下均改变膜蛋白构象,而且对膜蛋白构象的影响呈剂量依赖性。１×１０－５ｍｏｌ／ＬＭＴ能抵抗５×１０－９ｍｏｌ／ＬＥＴ对膜蛋白损伤,保护生物膜。     

山莨菪碱对人红细胞膜蛋白及膜脂运动的影响

本文采用自旋标记顺磁共振波谱技术,研究了山茛菪碱对人红细胞膜蛋白和膜脂运动的影响.结果表明:用马来酰亚胺标记的人红细胞膜,加入山茛菪碱后,其顺磁共振波谱中强、弱固定化作用谱的峰值比增大,膜蛋白的运动受到限制.山茛菪碱对红细胞膜脂的作用部位主要在极性头部,并影响膜脂的流动性.本文还对山茛菪碱与红细胞膜作用的可能机制进行了讨论.     

电子顺磁共振技术在细胞膜研究中的应用

电子顺磁共振(EPR)技术具有高灵敏度、高分辨率的特性,通过自旋标记方法,可以用来研究膜蛋白质拓扑学、膜蛋白间相互作用、膜蛋白与磷脂膜相互作用过程中膜蛋白的结构变化以及细胞膜的流动性。在膜脂和膜蛋白的细胞生物学研究中具有广阔的应用前景。现对EPR技术在细胞膜研究中的应用进展做一综述。     

膜脂—膜蛋白的相互作用(下)

四、膜蛋白对膜脂的影响 1.膜蛋白与膜脂的结合膜蛋白按其不同类型可以多种方式与脂双层结合,现叙述如下: (1)外周蛋白的结合外周蛋白通过静电力(蛋白带电荷)或范德瓦力(蛋白不带电荷)与膜结合。在蛋白与脂的结合面处含有大量的水。 (a)静电结合细胞色素C是外周蛋白通过静电力与细胞膜表面结合的一个典型例子(图3 a)。细胞色素C整个分子具有可观的非     

温度及膜中蛋白质含量与膜粘度和膜中分子排列方向的关系

本实验用闪光诱导的瞬间二向色性方法测量了不同温度以及不同蛋白质含量下菌紫质分子在脂质囊泡膜中的旋转扩散运动.根据旋转扩散运动得到了温度和蛋白质含量与膜粘度以及分子在膜中排列方向的关系.温度和蛋白质的含量都影响膜的粘度,但并不影响蛋白质分子在膜中的排列方向.     

PROTONATION AND CHLOROPLAST MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

Light changes the structure of chloroplasts. This effect was investigated by high resolution electron microscopy, photometric methods, and chemical modification. (a) A reversible contraction of chloroplast membrane occurs upon illumination, dark titration with H⁺, or increasing osmolarity. These gross structural changes arise from a flattening of the thylakoids, with a corresponding decrease in the spacing between membranes. Microdensitometry showed that illumination or dark addition of H⁺ resulted in a 13–23% decrease in membrane thickness. Osmotically contracted chloroplasts do not show this effect. (b) Rapid glutaraldehyde fixation during actual experiments revealed that transmission changes are closely correlated with the spacing changes and therefore reflect an osmotic mechanism, whereas the light scattering changes have kinetics most similar to changes in membrane thickness or conformation. (c) Kinetic analysis of light scattering and transmission changes with the changes in fluorescence of anilinonaphthalene sulfonic acid bound to membranes revealed that fluorescence preceded light scattering or transmission changes. (d) It is concluded that the temporal sequence of events following illumination probably are protonation, changes in the environment within the membrane, change in membrane thickness, change in internal osmolarity accompanying ion movements with consequent collapse and flattening of thylakoid, change in the gross morphology of the inner chloroplast membrane system, and change in the gross morphology of whole chloroplasts.     

金鱼精子质膜和核膜的区域特异性

本文结合采用扫描和透射电子显微镜(包括冷冻断裂-蚀刻、超薄切片以及细胞化学染色法),研究了金鱼精子的超微结构特征,结果表明金鱼精子的质膜和核膜都具有区域特异性:1)精子质膜内大部分区域含有许多蛋白颗粒,但在特定区域内,蛋白颗粒呈有序排列,构成晶格状结构。2)精子头颈部和尾部均有液泡密集之处,凡是覆盖着液泡区的质膜内,几乎都不含有蛋白颗粒。3)液泡区能被细胞化学方法染成致密色,表明内含糖蛋白。4)核膜孔只集中存在于靠近颈部的核膜上,而其他部分则没有。本文对上述诸点进行了讨论。     

三氯乙烯对脂质体膜通透性的影响及其破膜效应

本文通过测定脂质体膜对水的通透性及脂质体对被包裹血红蛋白的释放率,研究了三氯乙烯对脂质体的作用.观察到在低浓度时,三氯乙烯能增加蛋卵磷脂脂质体的通透性,随着浓度的增加有破膜释放的效应.     

BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF PLASMA MEMBRANE AND MILK FAT GLOBULE MEMBRANE FROM BOVINE MAMMARY GLAND

Purified plasma membrane fractions from lactating bovine mammary glands and membranes of milk fat globules from the same source were similar in distribution and fatty acid composition of phospholipids. The sphingomyelin content of the phospholipid fraction of both membranes was higher than in these fractions from other cell components, β-carotene, a constituent characteristic of milk fat, was present in the lipid fraction of the plasma membrane. Cholesterol esters of plasma membrane were similar in fatty acid composition to those of milk fat globule membranes. Disc electrophoresis of either membrane preparation on polyacrylamide gels revealed a single major protein component characteristic of plasma membrane from other sources. Distinct morphological differences between plasma membrane and milk fat globule membranes were observed in both thin sections and in negatively stained material. Plasma membrane was vesicular in appearance while milk fat globule membranes had a platelike aspect. These observations are consistent with derivation of fat globule membrane from plasma membrane accompanied by structural rearrangement of membrane constituents.     

类囊体膜的垛叠、松散与它的功能关系

菠菜完整叶绿体置于4mM MgCl_2或20 mM KCl低浓度介质中低渗10秒钟后,得到由Mg~(++)或K~+离子诱导的类囊体垛叠膜和松散膜。它们在功能上表现出明显的差异。垛叠膜有较高的毫秒级延迟光发射(ms-DLE),松散膜显著降低DLE的快相,垛叠膜比松散膜的9-AA荧光猝灭快,并保持稳定;而松散膜有H~+渗漏。在非循环或Fd催化的循环光合磷酸化中,垛叠膜比松散膜活力高。但是,若在同样的低渗介质中低渗1分钟以上,Mg~(++)离子诱导的垛叠膜,在显微结构上不同于低渗过10秒钟的垛叠膜,它垛叠较松,而且在磷酸化活力上也与松散膜差别不大。揭示了H~+传递速度受二个光系统、电子载体间的距离及偶联程度的限制。新鲜制备的垛叠或松散膜,在NADP~+还原系统中,具有相同的电子传递放O_2速度,说明电子传递速度在一定范围内不受膜间的距离和偶联程度的影响。但是松散膜不稳定,随着膜的老化而解联,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)能稳定松散膜的电子传递。     

BIOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF A MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE FRACTION DEFICIENT IN OUTER MEMBRANE AND MATRIX ACTIVITIES

Treatment of the inner membrane matrix fraction of rat liver mitochondria with the nonionic detergent Lubrol WX solubilized about 70% of the total protein and 90% or more of the following matrix activities: malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP). The Lubrol-insoluble fraction was enriched in cytochromes, phospholipids, and a Mg⁺⁺-stimulated ATPase activity. Less than 2% of the total mitochondrial activity of monoamine oxidase, an outer membrane marker, or adenylate kinase, an intracristal space marker could be detected in this inner membrane fraction. Electron micrographs of negatively stained preparations showed vesicles (≤0.4 µ diameter) literally saturated on the periphery with the 90 A ATPase particles. These inner membrane vesicles, which appeared for the most part to be inverted with respect to the normal inner membrane configuration in intact mitochondria, retained the succinicoxidase portion of the electron-transport chain, an intact phosphorylation site II with a high affinity for ADP, and the capacity to accumulate Ca⁺⁺. A number of biochemical properties characteristic of intact mitochondria and the inner membrane matrix fraction, however, were either absent or markedly deficient in the inner membrane vesicles. These included stimulation of respiration by either ADP or 2,4-dinitrophenol, oligomycin-sensitive ADP-ATP exchange activity, atractyloside sensitivity of adenine nucleotide requiring reactions, and a stimulation of the Mg⁺⁺-ATPase by 2,4-dinitrophenol.