人H5N1流感病毒血凝素蛋白DNA疫苗的构建及其免疫原性研究

将我国分离的首株人H5N1亚型禽流感病毒A/Anhui/1/2005作为研究对象,扩增其HA和HA1基因片段并克隆至真核表达载体pStar,构建成真核表达质粒。通过Western blot和间接免疫荧光检测方法确认,构建的重组质粒在真核细胞中成功地表达了目的蛋白HA和HA1。将重组质粒免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测免疫后外周血中HA/HA1特异性抗体的效价,并比较HA和HA1的免疫原性。结果表明,重组质粒免疫后成功地诱导了体液免疫反应,且二者的血清抗体效价无显著性差异。     

表达H5N1亚型禽流感病毒HA蛋白的重组鼠白血病病毒的特性

通过反转录 聚合酶链式反应 (RT PCR)扩增了H5N1亚型鹅源禽流感病毒 (AIV)完整的血凝素 (HA)基因并进行了克隆与鉴定。序列测定结果已经登陆GenBank ,登陆号为AY6 394 0 5。序列分析表明所扩增的HA基因开放性阅读框架 (ORF)由170 7个核苷酸组成 ,共编码 5 6 8个氨基酸 ,裂解位点的氨基酸组成为RKKR↓GLF ,含连续的碱性氨基酸 ,具有高致病性AIVHA基因裂解位点的特征。构建了含HA基因的真核表达载体pcDNA HA ,通过与鼠白血病病毒 (MuLV)假病毒构建体系的两种质粒pHIT6 0和pHIT111共转染人胚肾细胞 2 93T ,4 8h后收集假病毒上清 ,超离后通过Western blot证明HA蛋白能够在假病毒颗粒表面表达 ,表明HA能够整合到此病毒粒子表面。通过感染 2 93T、COS 7和NIH3T3三种不同的靶细胞 ,证实所构建的假病毒粒子具有感染性和泛嗜性。本研究成功构建了具有感染性的MuLV HA假病毒体系 ,为研究鹅源禽流感病毒侵入细胞的机理及其组织嗜性的变异提供一种新方法。     

人高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1安徽株HA、M2蛋白双顺反子表达载体的构建及表达研究

将我国分离的人H5N1亚型禽流感病毒A/Anhui/1/2005作为研究对象,扩增其HA和M2基因片段并克隆至DNA疫苗表达载体pVRC中,构建成真核表达质粒。为提高HA的表达量,按照人偏爱密码子将HA基因进行优化改造,经全基因合成后插入真核表达载体pVRC,以β-actin蛋白为内参比证明了优化后的HA蛋白表达效果明显提高。将M2基因和优化后的HA基因共同克隆入双顺反子表达载体pIRES中,获得同时表达HA或M2的双顺反子真核表达质粒;通过Western blot和间接免疫荧光检测方法,确认构建的重组质粒在真核细胞中成功地表达了目的蛋白HA和M2。通过上述结果为进一步开展人高致病性禽流感病毒安徽株HA和M2基因的功能与致病性研究及使用表达HA和M2蛋白进行新型人用禽流感双价疫苗研发奠定基础。     

糖基工程酵母表面呈现抗体库的构建及抗真菌β甘露糖型抗体的筛选

目的:通过构建糖基工程酵母表面呈现免疫抗体库,筛选与毕赤酵母表达的禽流感血凝素HA7结合的特异性抗体。方法:利用糖基工程毕赤酵母细胞膜锚定蛋白Sed将人Ig G的Fc段锚定在酵母表面,然后用毕赤酵母表达的HA7免疫小鼠,从小鼠脾脏细胞中扩增抗体轻重链可变区基因构建抗体转化锚定了Fc的糖基工程酵母,构建表面展示免疫抗体库,通过免疫磁珠法筛选与毕赤酵母表达的HA7特异性结合的抗体表达酵母,分析筛选该抗体的特异性结合靶点。结果:构建了多态性良好的抗体表达质粒库,转化糖基工程酵母后筛选得到特异性结合HA7的抗体呈现酵母,Western印迹分析发现该抗体只与糖基化的HA7结合而不与切除糖链后的HA7结合,说明抗体结合区域在HA7的糖链上,进一步实验发现该抗体不与α甘露糖型和哺乳动物复杂型糖型结合,通过β甘露糖苷酶切研究发现抗体结合靶点为酵母表达HA7糖链上的β甘露糖。结论:利用糖基工程酵母构建抗体库,筛选得获得了抗真菌β甘露糖的抗体,动物实验发现抗体具有中和活性。     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒M2e和HA2串联蛋白在原核系统中的表达

构建H9N2亚型禽流感病毒M2蛋白胞外区(M2e)和HA蛋白颈部区(HA2)串联体,并在原核系统中进行该重组蛋白的表达,以便研究重组蛋白的反应原性。以含有全长H9N2亚型AIV HA基因的质粒为模板,经过PCR扩增得到HA2基因;利用BglⅡ和Bam HⅠ互为同尾酶的链接方法,构建3个拷贝M2e和HA2基因的串联体,并将串联体连接入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1构成3M2e+HA2-pGEX重组质粒;同时构建单独表达HA2蛋白的原核表达重组质粒HA2-pGEX;DNA测序鉴定这两种重组质粒正确后,转化至表达宿主菌中;重组蛋白经不同IPTG浓度进行诱导;SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定重组蛋白大小,并进行可溶性分析和纯化;采用Western blotting法对两种重组蛋白的反应原性进行分析。结果显示,3M2e+HA2-pGEX和HA2-pGEX重组蛋白分别经终浓度为0.5 mmol/L和0.25 mmol/L的IPTG诱导,37℃培养4 h时,表达量最高;3M2e+HA2-pGEX和HA2-pGEX重组蛋白大小分别为59.4 ku和49.8 ku;对重组蛋白进行可溶性分析显示,两种重组蛋白均以包涵体形式存在;Western blotting分析显示,3M2e+HA2-pGEX和HA2-pGEX重组蛋白与免疫H9N2禽流感病毒后获得的阳性血清具有良好的特异性反应,这些结果为进一步研究HA2、3M2e+HA2蛋白的免疫原性和开发广谱H9N2亚型禽流感疫苗提供了理论依据。     

一种含不同流感病毒血凝素抗原表位的核酸疫苗

流感病毒表面抗原血凝素( hemagglutinin,HA)是流感核酸疫苗重要的靶抗原,针对HA的保护性中和抗体主要由HA上的五个抗原表位诱导产生.在本文中,我们构建了一种以新甲型H1N1流感病毒HA1为骨架的含2个A/PR/8( H1N1)流感病毒HA抗原表位和3个新甲型H1N1流感病毒HA抗原表位的核酸疫苗,并在B...     

Modesto株副鸡禽杆菌血凝素的原核表达及其生物活性鉴定

目的：克隆并原核表达Modesto株C型副鸡禽杆菌（Apg）的血凝素（HA）基因,鉴定该重组HA的生物学活性。方法：根据GenBank上已发表的Modesto株Apg的HA基因序列,设计合成了1对特异性引物,克隆ApgHA基因;以Modesto株Apg中提取的细菌DNA为模板,利用PCR扩增ApgHA全长基因（1026bp）,将其克隆到pET-32a（＋）载体上,构建原核表达载体pET—HA,在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中表达并纯化重组HA;通过Western印迹及血凝和血凝抑制试验鉴定该重组蛋白的生物学活性。结果：表达并纯化了Apg重组HA,该蛋白可以和C型Apg抗血清特异性结合,并且可以凝集鸡红细胞。结论：构建了Modesto株ApgHA基因的原核表达载体,并表达纯化了ApgHA融合蛋白,该重组HA具有凝集鸡红细胞的活性,为进一步研究ApgHA的免疫功能奠定了基础。     

共表达甲型流感病毒M1和HA双基因的重组腺病毒的构建及鉴定

以我国分离的首株人H5N1亚型禽流感病毒(A/Anhui/1/2005)作为研究对象,通过引入内部核糖体进入位点序列(IRES),构建共表达H5N1亚型禽流感病毒膜蛋白基因M1和HA的重组腺病毒。PCR扩增禽流感病毒H5N1亚型M1和HA基因的全长可读框片段,先后亚克隆入pStar载体,然后扩增M1-IRES-HA片段并将其插入穿梭载体pShuttle-CMV,再与pAd-Easy载体在BJ5183菌中通过同源重组产生重组腺病毒载体,转化293细胞,包装出重组腺病毒Ad-M1/HA。将Ad-M1/HA感染293细胞,可观察到明显细胞病变效应,用免疫荧光及Western-blot方法均检测到M1和HA基因的表达。共表达M1和HA双基因的重组腺病毒的成功构建为开发新型重组腺病毒流感疫苗奠定了基础。     

鸡OV启动子表达HA对禽流感病毒攻击提供完全保护

鸡卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OV)基因5'调控序列是构建鸡输卵管生物反应器的首选调控元件。以EGFP为报告基因,构建OV启动子真核表达载体,转染原代输卵管上皮细胞和CHO细胞,筛选得到1.1kb的高效OV启动子。构建1.1kb OV启动子表达H5N1亚型禽流感病毒HA蛋白真核表达载体pOV_(1.1k)-HA,转染CHO细胞。PCR、RT-PCR鉴定结果证明HA基因整合至CHO细胞基因组,并进行转录;SDS-PAGE、Western blot及HA试验结果证明HA蛋白在CHO细胞内的表达,并具有免疫反应性和血凝活性。以纯化的HA蛋白免疫4周龄SPF鸡,2周后加强免疫一次,加强免疫3周HI抗体水平为6.3log2;以10~6EID_(50)H5N1(A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96)亚型禽流感病毒鼻腔接种SPF鸡,免疫组100%存活,无排毒现象,对照组100%死亡。结果表明,筛选的1.1kb OV启动子可有效驱动HA蛋白表达,表达的HA蛋白免疫SPF鸡对禽流感病毒攻击提供完全保护;为鸡输卵管生物反应器表达保护性抗原和珍贵药物蛋白奠定了基础。     

禽流感病毒H7N2血凝素HA1基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的　表达H7N2亚型禽流感病毒 (AIV)HA1基因 ,用于感染H7亚型禽流感病毒抗体的检测和HA1蛋白功能研究。方法　采用RT PCR方法对H7N2亚型AIVHA1基因进行扩增 ,将PCR产物克隆于pGEM T Easy载体 ,将该基因插入pGEX 4T 2中构建HA1基因原核表达载体 ,转化BL2 1大肠杆菌后 ,在IPTG诱导下表达HA1蛋白 ,Westernblot鉴定表达HA1蛋白。电洗脱方法纯化表达HA1蛋白 ,建立间接ELISA方法 ,对感染AIVH7、H9、H5亚型AIV阳性血清进行检测。结果　成功克隆H7N2亚型AIV的HA1基因 ,其核苷酸序列长度 96 6bp ,编码 32 2个氨基酸残基。构建HA1基因原核表达载体在大肠杆菌内表达出约 6 1× 10 3的HA1融合蛋白。Westernblot和ELISA方法鉴定表明 :表达HA1蛋白与感染H7亚型AIV鸡血清有反应 ,与H5、H9亚型AIV阳性血清没有反应。结论　本研究在大肠杆菌中成功表达了H7N2亚型AIVHA1基因蛋白 ,具有与感染H7亚型AIV阳性血清反应原性 ,不与H5和H9亚型AIV感染阳性血清发生反应。     

Recombinant synthesis of hyaluronan by Agrobacterium sp

Hyaluronan (HA) is a sugar polymer of a repeating disaccharide, beta1-3 D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) beta1-4 D-glucuronic acid (GlcA). It finds applications in numerous biomedical procedures such as ophthalmic surgery and osteoarthritis treatment. Until recently, the only commercial sources were extraction of rooster combs and from fermentation of pathogenic Streptococcus. In this work, we demonstrate that metabolic engineering strategies enable the recombinant synthesis of hyaluronan in a safe microorganism. Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 is a commercial production strain for a food polymer, Curdlan. A broad host range expression vector was successfully developed to express the 3 kb HA synthase gene from Pasteurella multocida, along with a kfiD gene encoding UDP-glucose dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli K5 strain. Coexpression of these two heterologous enzymes enables Agrobacterium to produce HA. Hyaluronan was accumulated up to 0.3 g/L in shaker flask cultivation. The molecular weight of the polymer from various Agrobacterium strains is in the range of 0.7-2 MD. To our knowledge, this is the first successful recombinant hyaluronan synthesis in a Gram-negative bacterium that naturally produces a food product. The ease of genetic modifications provides future opportunities to tailor properties of polymers for specific applications.     

透明质酸的生物合成及其代谢工程的研究进展

透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)是广泛存在于生物体内的功能性糖胺高分子聚合物,在日化、医疗和食品领域应用前景广阔.随着基因工程与代谢工程等合成生物学技术的发展,人们对HA的生物合成过程和机理解析越发深入的同时,也伴随一些新的挑战来临.该综述从分子生物学角度总结了HA的关键合成酶基因及合成途径,对不同来源...     

Effect of oxygen and shear stress on molecular weight of hyaluronic acid

Dissolved oxygen (DO) and shear stress have pronounced effects on hyaluronic acid (HA) production, yet various views persist about their effect on the molecular weight of HA. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of DO and shear stress during HA fermentation. The results showed that both cell growth and HA synthesis were suppressed under anaerobic conditions, and the HA molecular mass was only (1.22+/-0.02) x 106 Da. Under aerobic conditions, although the DO level produced no change in the biomass or HA yield, a high DO level favored the HA molecular mass, which reached a maximum value of (2.19+/- 0.05) x 106 Da at 50% DO. Furthermore, a high shear stress delayed the rate of HA synthesis and decreased the HA molecular weight, yet had no clear effect on the HA yield. Therefore, a high DO concentration and mild shear environment would appear to be essential to enhance the HA molecular weight.     

Production of D-(--)-3-hydroxyalkanoic acid by recombinant Escherichia coli

Pathways for extracellular production of chiral D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB) and D-(-)-3-hydroxyalkanoic acid (mcl-3HA) were constructed by co-expression of genes of beta-ketothiolase (phbA), acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (phbB) and 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP CoA transacylase (phaG), respectively, in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha. The effect of acrylic acid and glucose on production of both 3HB and mcl-3HA was investigated. It was found that the addition of acrylic acid significantly increased production of 3HB and mcl-3HA consisting of 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid in a ratio of 1:3 from 199 mg x l(-1) to 661 mg x l(-1) and from 27 mg x l(-1) to 135 mg x l(-1), respectively, in shake flask studies when glucose was present in the medium at the very beginning of fermentation. The timing of glucose addition had no effect on 3HB production. In contrast, mcl-3HA production was affected by glucose addition, an mcl-3HA concentration of 193 mg x l(-1) was obtained when glucose was added to the culture at 12 h. A more than seven-fold increase was obtained when compared with that in medium containing glucose at the beginning of fermentation. However, a decrease in production of 3HB and mcl-3HA was found when glucose was added at 12 h to the culture containing acrylic acid. The repressive effect of acrylic acid on acetic acid production was also evaluated and discussed.     

发酵透明质酸寡糖兽疫链球菌工程菌株的构建

透明质酸(HA)广泛应用于医学、化妆品、食品等领域。HA的生物活性取决于其分子量(M_w)。透明质酸寡糖由于具有重要的生理活性与特殊生理功能,在医药领域具有重要的应用前景。兽疫链球菌因其发酵周期短、生产强度较强的特点,在商业生产HA上具有广泛的应用。为了高效发酵合成透明质酸寡糖和解决发酵过程的溶氧问题,文中通过在兽疫链球菌WSH-24中过表达透明质酸合酶HasA以及优化表达水蛭来源的透明质酸酶LHAase。重组菌株摇瓶发酵24h,透明质酸寡糖积累至0.97g/L,比野生菌提高了182.0%。在3L发酵罐中发酵24 h,透明质酸寡糖生产强度为294.2 mg/(L·h),HA积累至7.06 g/L,比野生菌的罐上水平提高了112.4%。文中所构建的发酵合成透明质酸寡糖的兽疫链球菌重组菌株具有重要的应用前景。     

采用计算流体力学技术研究搅拌对兽疫链球菌发酵生产透明质酸的影响

搅拌是影响透明质酸(HA)发酵的一个重要因素,然而有关搅拌对HA发酵影响的认识存在较大争议。本研究采用计算流体力学(CFD)技术深入研究了搅拌对菌体生长和HA合成的影响。结果表明,菌体量和HA产量受搅拌转速的影响很小,而HA分子量随着转速的增加呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。分阶段控制转速研究表明转速对HA分子量的影响主要体现在HA合成阶段。CFD计算结果表明随着搅拌转速的增加,混合时间降低的同时反应器内部的剪切速率明显增加。最终通过改变搅拌桨组合方式的手段有效地解决了上述矛盾,并使得HA分子量提高23.9%。     

营养条件对兽疫链球菌发酵生产透明质酸的影响

透明质酸 (Ｈｙａｌｕｒｏｎｉｃａｃｉｄ ,简称ＨＡ)是Ｎ 乙酰氨基葡萄糖胺和葡萄糖醛酸以 β 1 3糖苷键和 β 1 4糖苷键连接而成的二糖单体重复构建而成的杂多糖 ,广泛存在于高等动物的结缔组织内。由于结构上的特点 ,ＨＡ具有很高的粘弹性和极强的保水性等特征 ,已被大量用于医学医药、化妆品工业[1,2 ] 。1937年Ｋｅｎｄａｌｌ[3 ] 等发现用溶血性链球菌 (Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｈａｅｍｏｌｙｔｉｃｕｓ)可以产生ＨＡ。其后 ,陆续发现许多能产生ＨＡ的微生物菌种 ,逐渐开发出一条可替代传统的动物组织提取法[4 ] 生产ＨＡ的新途径…     

Engineering of cell membrane to enhance heterologous production of hyaluronic acid in Bacillus subtilis

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high‐value biopolymer used in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Current methods of HA production, including extraction from animal sources and streptococcal cultivations, are associated with high costs and health risks. Accordingly, the development of bioprocesses for HA production centered on robust “Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)” organisms such as Bacillus subtilis is highly attractive. Here, we report the development of novel strains of B. subtilis in which the membrane cardiolipin (CL) content and distribution has been engineered to enhance the functional expression of heterologously expressed hyaluronan synthase (HAS) of Streptococcus equisimilis (SeHAS), in turn, improving the culture performance for HA production. Elevation of membrane CL levels via overexpressing components involved in the CL biosynthesis pathway, and redistribution of CL along the lateral membrane via repression of the cell division initiator protein FtsZ resulted in increases to the HA titer of up to 204% and peak molecular weight of up to 2.2 MDa. Moreover, removal of phosphatidylethanolamine and neutral glycolipids from the membrane of HA‐producing B. subtilis via inactivation of pssA and ugtP, respectively, has suggested the lipid dependence for functional expression of SeHAS. Our study demonstrates successful application of membrane engineering strategies to develop an effective platform for biomanufacturing of HA with B. subtilis strains expressing Class I streptococcal HAS.     

微生物发酵生产丁二酸研究进展

丁二酸是微生物三羧酸循环中重要的代谢中间产物,广泛用于生物高分子、食品与医药等行业,市场潜在需求量巨大。文中从3个方面归纳了国内外生物基丁二酸研究进展：能够过量积累丁二酸的微生物的发现和筛选,产丁二酸工程菌构建中所采用的基因工程策略及代谢工程技术,丁二酸发酵过程控制与优化。最后,讨论了微生物法生产丁二酸今后的研究方向。     

Optimization and effect of dairy industrial waste as media components in the production of hyaluronic acid by Streptococcus thermophilus

Hyaluronic acid (HA) production using a dairy industrial waste is a more cost-efficient strategy than using an expensive synthetic medium. In this study, we investigated the production of HA using Streptococcus thermophilus under shake flask conditions using dairy industrial waste as nutritional supplements, namely whey permeate (WP) and whey protein hydrolysate (WPH). Preliminary screening using Plackett–Burman design exhibited WP, WPH, initial pH, and inoculum size as significant factors influencing HA titer. Response surface methodology design of four factors was formulated at three levels for enhanced production of HA. Shake flask HA fermentation by S. thermophilus was performed under global optimized process conditions and the optimal HA titer (342.93?mg?L^?1) corroborates with Box–Behnken design prediction. The molecular weight of HA was elucidated as 9.22–9.46?kDa. The ultralow-molecular weight HA reported in this study has a potential role in drug and gene delivery applications.