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一株高效广谱染料降解细菌的分离鉴定及脱色特性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过梯度驯化,从印染废水长期污染土壤中分离筛选出能以4种不同结构类型的染料(刚果红、美蓝、孔雀绿和活性艳蓝KN-R)为唯一碳源的菌株XSMR,根据其形态学特征和生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp.)的菌株。菌株XSMR对4种染料均具有强的脱色降解能力,且对染料脱色的同时,自身能够生长繁殖,培养24h菌体干重超过不加染料的对照。在振荡培养条件下对该菌株的脱色反应条件进行研究,结果表明,当刚果红、美蓝、孔雀绿及活性艳蓝KN-R的初始浓度分别小于200mg/L、200mg/L、150mg/L及150mg/L时,在pH7.5、温度35℃、接种量4%(V/V)条件下,接种菌株XSMR脱色14h对4种染料的脱色率均可达到98%以上。通过对降解产物的紫外-可见光谱分析,进一步证明了菌株XSMR能彻底降解染料。菌株XSMR对染料脱色的机理包括生物降解和菌株吸附两方面。 相似文献
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胶红酵母JB401降解脱色三苯甲烷类染料 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从烟梗中分离筛选得到1株能够对三苯甲烷类染料高效脱色的微生物,经ITS-5.8S rDNA分析鉴定为胶红酵母,命名为Rhodotorula mucilaginosa JB401。全波长扫描实验结果证实染料的脱色由胶红酵母降解结晶紫引起。为了提高R.mucilaginosa JB401脱色结晶紫的能力,通过单因素试验对R.mucilaginosa JB401的培养条件进行了优化,得出菌体生长24 h后以2%接种量接入初始pH为5的脱色培养基并在37℃摇床培养,可以取得最优脱色效果,此时脱色50、100和200 mg/L的结晶紫达到90%去除率分别需要3、6和14 h。此外,胶红酵母对温度和pH良好的适应性使其具有应用于工业废水处理的潜力。 相似文献
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霉菌菌丝球WL对孔雀绿染料脱色性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了菌丝球WL对孔雀绿的脱色性能及对实际染料废水的脱色效果。结果表明,WL时孔雀绿具有很高的去除活性。30℃,90r/min,脱色48h,孔雀绿浓度分别为100、200、350、500mg/L时,其脱色率分别达100%、99.7%、96.1%、90.1%。在营养环境中,球WL对孔雀绿表现出良好的脱色效果;而在非营养条件下,WL对孔雀绿的脱色效果很差,最高脱色率只有18.3%。甘蔗汁可作为WL的良好碳源。当以甘蔗汁作碳源时,孔雀绿的脱色率为97.1%。豆浆和牛奶作氮源时,脱色效果也非常明显,脱色率分别达93.4和94.2%。活球的脱色率高达99.4%,而死球的脱色率只有1.9%。废牛奶可作为培养球的良好营养,用废牛奶培养的球具有较高的脱色活性。WL对实际染料废水的脱色率为90.3%,显示出了很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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温特曲霉HD1的鉴定及其对氧蒽类染料脱色特性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从土壤中分离到1株染料脱色真菌,经鉴定命名为温特曲霉HD1。该菌对氧蒽类染料虎红具有很强的脱色能力。温度在28 ̄40℃之间,HD1对虎红的脱色率为93 ̄99%,最适脱色温度为33℃,pH值在4.0 ̄8.0之间,其脱色率为89.3 ̄98.8%,最适脱色pH值为6.0。培养基、碳源,氮源及接种量对其脱色率均有影响,该菌对虎红的脱色酶为组成酶,主要分布在细胞内,染料的加入能改变脱色酶在胞内外的分配比例, 相似文献
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芳香族化合物生物降解的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文综述了以苯、取代苯、联苯和多环芳烃为代表的芳香族化合物的生物降解途径,其共同之处在于经过两步双加氧酶作用,生成二醇和开环。两步双加氧酶分别为芳环羟基化双加氧酶和芳环断裂双加氧酶。以甲苯途径为代表讨论了芳香族化合物的分子生物学研究情况。代谢工程研究是九十年代兴起的芳香族化合物生物降解的研究内容,通过对甲苯途径的代谢工程研究明确了途径中的关键酶,并通过对关键酶的活性提高使整个途径的代谢流增加。 相似文献
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Zaixing Li Cunyi Song Jingliang Yang Jianbo Guo Linan Xing 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(3):361-366
Avermectin fermentation wastewater was bio-refractory and the waste products could not be completely eliminated during biological
treatment. In this paper, strain LYH degrading avermectin was isolated from the activated sludge of the avermectin wastewater
treatment plant. It was identified as a Bacteroidetes endosymbiont by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and physio-biochemical tests,
respectively. The optimal degradation conditions were as follows: temperature 30°C, pH 7.0–8.0, shaking speed 150 rev min−1. The concentration of avermectin was detected by HPLC. The proposed biodegradation pathways of avermectin were given in the
light of the metabolites detected, which were analysed by HPLC and the LC-MS method. These results indicated that it was feasible
and potential to enhance avermectin degradation by strain LYH. 相似文献
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J. Mergaert C. Anderson A. Wouters J. Swings K. Kersters 《FEMS microbiology letters》1992,103(2-4):317-321
Abstract Degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and copolymers with 3-hydroxyvaleric acid was investigated in natural environments, and the microorganisms involved were isolated and identified. The influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the degradation is discussed. 相似文献
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聚丙烯酰胺是一类重要的水溶性高分子聚合物,已广泛应用到工农业生产的各个领域和人们的日常生活中。由于具有良好的理化特性,一直被认为是安全、无毒和稳定的,所以有关其在自然界中的降解及其可能产生毒性的研究在很长一段时期内被忽视。事实上,聚丙烯酰胺在环境中的残留、迁移、降解对环境具有潜在危害性。目前,其应用范围和规模正呈现快速增长趋势,而其研究多集中在其合成和应用方面,对聚丙烯酰胺的降解尤其是生物降解研究极少。 相似文献
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水环境中微囊藻毒素的生物降解 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
微囊藻毒素在水环境中的生物降解是决定其环境归趋和影响其毒性的重要因素。本文综述了水细菌、鱼类、水生植物、水生无脊椎动物、浮游动物等水生生物对微囊藻毒素生物降解方面的研究进展。目前报道的微囊藻毒素降解菌有鞘氨醇单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌和青枯菌。鞘氨醇单胞菌和铜绿假单胞菌分别以微囊藻毒素酶和碱性蛋白酶降解毒素,青枯菌降解机理未明;而鱼类、水生植物、水生无脊椎动物、浮游动物等水生生物主要通过谷胱甘肽S-转移酶催化形成低毒性的微囊藻毒素-谷胱甘肽结合物进行转化。本文还对水环境微囊藻毒素的生物修复方式进行了初步的探讨。 相似文献
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The feasibility of automating biodegradation tests was evaluated by comparing the results obtained using an Anachem SK233 automation system linked to an HPLC, and the traditional shake flask method using a shaker incubator and manual sampling. For the purpose of this study, several series of biodegradation kinetics were performed using a range of halogenated compounds which are common starting materials in organic synthesis. The first experiment involved two series of Fluorocinnamic Acid biodegradation kinetic tests performed over a period of 5 days. Several initial concentrations were used. Results obtained using the automated and manual methods were in very good agreement, with variations in absolute concentrations and kinetic constants ranging, between 10 % and 27 %. Half‐life values calculated from kinetic data ranged between 3.6 and 25.6 hours, depending on the initial organic compound concentrations (range 5 to 100 mg L–1) and the activity of the activated sludge employed. In the second part of this study, the degradation of Bromobenzoic Acid, Chlorobenzoic Acid and Iodobenzoic Acid by activated sludge were investigated. Significant differences in the lag periods were observed. Differences in the hydrodynamics and the configuration of the vessels may contribute to the variations observed. However, it was found that for 4‐Iodobenzoic Acid, manual and automated methods yielded comparable first order kinetic values for the exponential growth bacterial cycle. 4‐Bromobenzoic Acid, 4‐Chlorobenzoic Acid and 4‐Iodobenzoic Acid rates of disappearance were estimated and complete removal on the shake flasks was observed after 72, 66 and 96 hours respectively. The results are very promising and open a lot of possibilities for future automation of a range of biodegradation and inhibition tests. 相似文献