不同来源的谷氨酸棒杆菌氨基脱氧分支酸合成酶的活性分析

分别以高产L-丝氨酸的谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)SYPS-062与模式菌株谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC 13032的基因组DNA为模板,运用PCR技术扩增出氨基脱氧分支酸合成酶(ADC synthase)的编码基因pabAB。实验结果表明：来源于SYPS-062和ATCC 13032的pabAB片段全长均为1863bp,编码620个氨基酸。两片段存在16个碱基的差异,引起了7个氨基酸的突变。将pabAB连接表达载体pET-28a(+),构建表达质粒pET-28a-pabAB,并转化E.coli BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下,E.coli BL21(DE3)(pET-28a-pabAB)高效表达分子量约为67kDa的可溶性蛋白。表达产物带有His-tag标记,选用Ni柱对表达产物进行纯化,纯化后酶活测定结果表明,来源于SYPS-062氨基脱氧分支酸合成酶的比酶活低于ATCC 13032达46.6%。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌SYPS-062 L-丝氨酸脱水酶活性分析及其基因敲除对L-丝氨酸积累的影响

以谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum) SYPS-062基因组DNA为模板,扩增得到L-丝氨酸脱水酶(L-SerDH)的编码基因sdaA。将其克隆到表达载体pET-28a(+),并在E.coli BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,对纯化的L-SerDH进行了酶活测定,并与来自C.glutamicum ATCC13032的重组L-SerDH进行了比较,结果显示,两种不同菌株来源的重组L-SerDH降解L-丝氨酸的酶比活力差异并不显著。在此基础上敲除菌株SYPS-062 的sdaA基因,探讨该基因对C.glutamicum SYPS-062生长及产酸的影响。通过构建自杀型重组质粒pK18mobsacB-△sdaA,电击转入C.glutamicum SYPS-062中,以同源重组的方式获得了sdaA基因缺失突变株,并用PCR方法对突变株C.glutamicum SYPS-062△sdaA进行了验证。与出发菌株相比,突变菌株生长缓慢,单位菌体L-丝氨酸的产量(Y_P/X)提高了15.13%。     

基因工程手段提高磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶活性的研究

为了提高目的蛋白磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶(PSS)的表达,使用rTaq酶从E coli K12总DNA中PCR扩增获得磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶基因片段,将其重组于高效表达载体pET28b质粒,转入相应表达菌株进行表达,收集菌体超声破碎获得含PSS的粗酶液,使用两相反应体系进行生物转化,HPLC-ELSD手段进行酶活检测。结果显示,重组菌株中PSS的酶活力比对照有所提高,同时获得酶活力提高的突变基因pssE210G。将突变基因重组于更高效的表达载体pBAD-MCS,转入相应宿主菌株表达。结果显示E.coli TOP10(pBAD-MCS-pss)表达的酶活性明显优于E.coli BL21(pET28b-pss)中表达的酶活性。以上实验结果表明,将目的基因重组于高效表达质粒有助于提高酶活力;组合到不同的表达质粒,酶活提高程度不同;磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶基因第73位氨基酸发生突变,对其酶结构和酶活力有直接的影响。     

大肠杆菌menA敲除对CoQ积累的影响研究北大核心CSCD

通过同源重组敲除大肠杆菌的men A基因,增加菌体Co Q合成量,用于构建Co Q高产菌株。以p KD4质粒为模板,PCR扩增kanr片段;在p KD46的辅助下,kanr片段转化大肠杆菌,利用抗生素筛选和PCR验证重组子;以紫外诱变菌为对照,发酵men A基因敲除菌株,分析Co Q种类和产量变化。成功获得men A基因敲除菌株,Co Q种类不变,产量增加约为38%。首次敲除men A基因,改良株Co Q产量得到提高,达到预期目标。     

产L-丝氨酸菌株SYPS-062的鉴定及碳源对发酵的影响

采用形态学、生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列分析的方法对从自然界中筛选得到的一株能直接利用糖质原料发酵生产L-丝氨酸菌株SYPS-062的分类地位进行了研究, 确定其为谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)。同时考察了碳源对菌株SYPS-062发酵产L-丝氨酸的影响, 实验结果表明, 当蔗糖浓度为60 g/L时, 菌株SYPS-062生物量和L-丝氨酸的积累均达到最大值, 分别为8.1 g/L和6.6 g/L。     

维生素对谷氨酸棒杆菌SYPS-062直接发酵合成L-丝氨酸的影响

研究了VB1,生物素,VB6,VB2,叶酸和VB12对一株谷氨酸棒杆菌（Corynebacterium glutamicum）SYPS-062直接利用糖质原料发酵生产L-丝氨酸的影响,并且初步分析了这几种维生素对菌株SYPS-062发酵积累L-丝氨酸的调控机制。添加一定量的生物素,VB1和VB6表现出对L-丝氨酸积累分别为35%,28%和11%的促进;添加VB2实现了L-丝氨酸和生物量的等幅提高;而叶酸和VB12则通过促进菌株SYPS-062中1C单元循环的效率使L-丝氨酸的积累量分别提高了39%和82%,并且实现了产物转化率（YP/S）及单位细胞产率（YP/X）的显著提高。将六种维生素在其分别的最优浓度下复配,添加在发酵培养基中,结果发现发酵周期有6 h左右的缩短,并且达到的最大生物量及L-丝氨酸的积累分别为11 g/L和9.0 g/L。     

琥珀酸脱氢酶或琥珀酰辅酶A合成酶缺失促进大肠杆菌积累5-氨基乙酰丙酸

5-氨基乙酰丙酸 (ALA) 是生物体内四吡咯类化合物的合成前体,在农业及医药领域应用广泛,是极具开发价值的高附加值生物基化学品。目前利用外源C4途径的重组大肠杆菌发酵生产ALA的研究主要利用LB培养基并添加葡萄糖和琥珀酸、甘氨酸等合成前体,成本较高。琥珀酸在C4途径中以琥珀酰辅酶A的形式直接参与ALA的合成。文中在以葡萄糖为主要碳源的无机盐培养基中研究了琥珀酰辅酶A下游代谢途径琥珀酸脱氢酶编码基因sdhAB和琥珀酰辅酶A合成酶编码基因sucCD缺失对ALA积累的影响。与仅表达异源ALA合成酶的对照菌株相比,sdhAB和sucCD缺失菌株ALA的产量分别提高了25.59%和12.40%,且ALA的积累不依赖于琥珀酸的添加和LB培养基的使用,从而大幅降低了生产成本,显示出良好的工业应用前景。     

pta基因敲除对L-色氨酸发酵的影响

[目的]探究pta基因缺失对大肠杆菌发酵生产L-色氨酸的影响.[方法]运用Red重组技术敲除pta基因,构建pta缺失株E.coli TRTH△pta.利用30 L发酵罐进行分批补料发酵试验,考察重组菌E.coliTRTHApta发酵0生产L-色氨酸过程中生物量、L-色氨酸产量、有机酸含量、发酵液中NH4+浓度及变化....     

基因敲除技术及其在微生物代谢工程方面的应用

应用基因工程技术对微生物细胞内的代谢通量进行重新设计,是获得高产高效的工业菌株的重要手段之一。基因敲除是20世纪80年代发展起来的一项重要的分子生物学技术,利用基因敲除技术可阻断细胞的代谢旁路。或通过引入突变位点改变目的产物的产量或质量而达到调节代谢流,优化代谢途径的目的。简单介绍了基因敲除技术的操作过程,重点讨论基因敲除技术的敲除策略及在微生物代谢工程方面的应用,并展望了相关技术在诸多领域的发展趋势。     

利用Red同源重组技术构建产L-苏氨酸的基因工程菌

利用Red重组技术构建不同基因突变的L-苏氨酸工程菌大肠杆菌ITHR,研究单敲除metA、ilvA和双敲除metA、ilvA基因后对L-苏氨酸积累的影响。应用质粒pKD46介导的Red同源重组系统,通过第一次同源重组将拟敲除基因替换为氯霉素抗性基因,再通过重组酶在FRT位点发生第二次同源重组,消除抗性基因,成功敲除了菌株ITHR体内苏氨酸合成的代谢旁路途径中的metA和ilvA基因,构建了三株不同的基因突变株。将携带苏氨酸操纵子的工程质粒pWYE065电转化入敲除不同基因的突变株中,构建基因工程菌。经5 L发酵罐发酵产酸实验,未敲除任何基因的菌株ITHR/pWYE065 L-苏氨酸的产量为5.55±0.51 g/L,metA基因单敲除菌株ITHR△metA/pWYE065 L-苏氨酸产量为9.77±1.83 g/L,ilvA基因单敲除菌株ITHR△ilvA/pWYE065 L-苏氨酸产量为8.65±1.42 g/L,同时敲除ilvA和metA基因的菌株ITHR△metA△ilvA/pWYE065 L-苏氨酸的产量增加到13.6±1.14 g/L。通过敲除L-苏氨酸的旁路代谢途径中的关键酶的基因,可以增强L 苏氨酸积累的效果,为L-苏氨酸工程菌的进一步改造奠定了基础。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌SYPS-062合成L-丝氨酸的代谢通量分析

以一株由自然界筛选获得的能够利用糖质原料直接产L-丝氨酸的谷氨酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium glutamicum SYPS-062为研究对象,考察了一碳单元循环中的辅因子—叶酸和维生素B12对菌株生长、蔗糖消耗及L-丝氨酸生成的影响,同时对处于对数生长期的菌株进行了代谢流量分析。结果发现,添加扰动因子叶酸和维生素B12对磷酸戊糖途径(HMP)碳流影响较大,碳源主要用于细胞生长及合成能量,而流向目的产物L-丝氨酸的碳流减少。同时在添加维生素B12时,增大了G3P节点的L-丝氨酸合成途径的分流比,但造成三羧酸循环(TCA)的流量不足,需要大量回补,从而限制了产物合成速率的进一步提高。     

直接利用糖质原料产L-丝氨酸谷氨酸棒杆菌glyA基因序列分析

以能够利用糖质原料产L-丝氨酸的谷氨酸棒杆菌（Corynebacterium glutamicum）SYPS-062 glyA基因为研究对象,比较cglutamicum SYPS-062与C．glutamicum模式菌株ATCC13032的glyA基因的异同。分别以SYPS-062及ATCC13032基因组为模板,利用PCR技术获得丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶编码基因glyA。核苷酸序列分析结果表明,来源于SYPS-062和ATCC13032的glyA基因片段全长均为1305bp,编码434个氨基酸,分子量为46．5kD,基因的同源性为99．54％,存在6个核苷酸的差异,引起一个氨基酸残基的突变。将获得的基因分别在大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）BL21（DE3）中诱导表达。酶活测定结果显示,2种不同菌株来源的重组SHMT的比活力稍有差异,说明SYPS-062 glyA基因的差异对其表达产物SHMT蛋白构型及功能影响不大。提示对于C.glutamicum SYPS-062能够利用糖质原料产L-丝氨酸的机制解析应进一步从glyA基因的转录水平、翻译水平及胞内SHMT辅酶的供给情况等方面进行深入研究探讨。     

Reduced folate supply as a key to enhanced L-serine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum

The amino acid L-serine is required for pharmaceutical purposes, and the availability of a sugar-based microbial process for its production is desirable. However, a number of intracellular utilization routes prevent overproduction of L-serine, with the essential serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) (glyA) probably occupying a key position. We found that constructs of Corynebacterium glutamicum strains where chromosomal glyA expression is dependent on Ptac and lacIQ are unstable, acquiring mutations in lacIQ, for instance. To overcome the inconvenient glyA expression control, we instead considered controlling SHMT activity by the availability of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate (THF). The pabAB and pabC genes of THF synthesis were identified and deleted in C. glutamicum, and the resulting strains were shown to require folate or 4-aminobenzoate for growth. Whereas the C. glutamicum DeltasdaA strain (pserACB) accumulates only traces of L-serine, with the C. glutamicum DeltapabABCDeltasdaA strain (pserACB), L-serine accumulation and growth responded in a dose-dependent manner to an external folate supply. At 0.1 mM folate, 81 mM L-serine accumulated. In a 20-liter controlled fed-batch culture, a 345 mM L-serine accumulation was achieved. Thus, an efficient and highly competitive process for microbial l-serine production is available.     

Cometabolism of a nongrowth substrate: L-serine utilization by Corynebacterium glutamicum

Despite its key position in central metabolism, L-serine does not support the growth of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Nevertheless, during growth on glucose, L-serine is consumed at rates up to 19.4 +/- 4.0 nmol min(-1) (mg [dry weight])(-1), resulting in the complete consumption of 100 mM L-serine in the presence of 100 mM glucose and an increased growth yield of about 20%. Use of 13C-labeled L-serine and analysis of cellularly derived metabolites by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that the carbon skeleton of L-serine is mainly converted to pyruvate-derived metabolites such as L-alanine. The sdaA gene was identified in the genome of C. glutamicum, and overexpression of sdaA resulted in (i) functional L-serine dehydratase (L-SerDH) activity, and therefore conversion of L-serine to pyruvate, and (ii) growth of the recombinant strain on L-serine as the single substrate. In contrast, deletion of sdaA decreased the L-serine cometabolism rate with glucose by 47% but still resulted in degradation of L-serine to pyruvate. Cystathionine beta-lyase was additionally found to convert L-serine to pyruvate, and the respective metC gene was induced 2.4-fold under high internal L-serine concentrations. Upon sdaA overexpression, the growth rate on glucose is reduced 36% from that of the wild type, illustrating that even with glucose as a single substrate, intracellular L-serine conversion to pyruvate might occur, although probably the weak affinity of L-SerDH (apparent Km, 11 mM) prevents substantial L-serine degradation.     

Effects of pyruvate kinase on the growth of Corynebacterium glutamicum and L-serine accumulation

Pyruvate kinase (PYK) is an important enzyme in the intermediary metabolism and has attracted much attention as a target for metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Genome sequencing revealed that the 308 residue of PYK was mutated from methionine in model strain C. glutamicum ATCC14067 to isoleucine in L-serine-producing strain C. glutamicum SYPS-062. Consequently, a significantly lower PYK activity (77%) was noted in C. glutamicum SYPS-062, when compared with that in C. glutamicum ATCC14067. To confirm the role of this point mutation, pyk in both C. glutamicum SYPS-062 and C. glutamicum SYPS-062-33aΔSSAA was reversely mutated to restore the PYK enzyme activity, which led to a 33.1% and 28.8% decrease in L-serine titer, respectively. This is the first report to show that the (Met-308→Ile) mutation site of pyk is closely associated with its activity and apparently affected L-serine production. Furthermore, pyk was deleted in strain C. glutamicum SYPS-062-33aΔSSAA, and the resulting strain did not show alteration in growth rate and presented a 12% increase in L-serine production.     

Production of L-serine by Sarcina albida.

Conditions for the production of microbial L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase and for the conversion of glycine to L-serine were studied. A number of microorganisms were screened for their abilities to form and accululate L-serine from glycine, and Sarcina albida was selected as the best organism. Enzyme activity in this organism as high as 0.12 U/ml could be produced in shaken cultures at 30 degrees C in a medium containing glucose, ammonium sulfate, glycine, yeast extract, and inorganic salts. L-Serine was produced most efficiently by shaking cells at 30 degrees C in a reaction mixture containing 20% glycine, 5 X 10(-3) M formaldehyde, and 3 X 10(-4) M pyridoxal phosphate in yields of 22 mg of broth in 5 days. L-Serine was easily isolated in 84% yields by ion-exchange resin.