羊口疮病毒119蛋白表达、纯化和多克隆抗体的制备

[目的]克隆表达羊口疮病毒ORFV119蛋白,以纯化重组蛋白为免疫原制备鼠多克隆抗体,并鉴定抗体的特性。[方法]PCR扩增ORFV119基因,克隆入原核表达载体p ET-28a(+)中构建重组质粒p ET28a-119。经双酶切和测序正确后,转化感受态大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定融合蛋白表达情况。表达产物进行超声破碎和Ni柱纯化,之后目的蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备ORFV119多克隆抗体并对其通过中和实验进行鉴定。[结果]成功构建重组质粒p ET28a-119,在大肠杆菌BL21中ORFV119融合蛋白以部分可溶形式表达。可溶性目的蛋白纯化后作为免疫原制备鼠多克隆抗体,抗体效价达1∶12 800,中和实验显示该多抗具有保护作用,可减轻宿主细胞在病毒感染时的病变效应(中和效价66 ND50/m L)。[结论]成功诱导表达、纯化ORFV119蛋白并制备其多克隆抗体,为深入研究ORFV感染、发病机理及羊口疮疾病的临床诊断奠定基础。     

牙鲆甲状腺激素受体TRαA的原核表达和多克隆抗体的制备及应用

为研究牙鲆甲状腺激素受体TRαA在牙鲆变态发育过程中的调控作用,将TRαA基因克隆插入融合表达栽体pET30a,并在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli DE3(BL21)中进行诱导表达.表达菌株经1 mmol/L异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导4 h后,重组蛋白TRaA表达并形成包涵体.SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测鉴定表达产物.包涵体经变性后在His-Bind树脂进行亲和层析纯化,柱上复性法对重组蛋白复性,获得纯度较高的目的蛋白,蛋白复性的效果良好.用纯化后的目的蛋白免疫新西兰家兔制备多克隆抗体.Dot blotting检测抗体效价达1:200 000,检测证明抗体特异性良好.此外,通过染色质免疫沉淀技术鉴定了在活体细胞中多克隆抗体与TRαA的特异性结合.表明了甲状腺激素通过其受体在体内参与碱性磷酸酶(ALP)基因的转录调控.     

MPT63核酸疫苗的制备及其免疫原性

扩增结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白MPT63编码序列 ,克隆于真核表达载体pJW 4 30 3中 .转染COS 7细胞 ,用Western印迹检测表明该基因在细胞内得到正确表达 .用该质粒连续免疫C5 7BL 6小鼠 3次后 ,用纯化的重组蛋白MPT63检测小鼠血清中的抗体 ,发现抗体滴度达到 10 5,免疫动物中γ干扰素的含量达到 2 5 8± 0 2U ml ,为空载体DNA免疫对照组的 2 0倍以上 ,说明MPT63核酸疫苗在实验动物体内引起了较强的免疫应答     

集胞藻6803藻胆体别藻蓝蛋白多克隆抗体的制备

藻胆体是蓝藻细胞主要的捕光天线色素超分子复合体,主要由核心体和外围的杆两部分组成,核心体主要由别藻蓝蛋白组装而成,参与光能向光合作用反应中心的传递.该研究通过PCR扩增出集胞藻6803别藻蓝蛋白α亚基(ApcA)编码基因apcA,构建表达质粒pET-32a(+)-apcA,并将其转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS菌株中;通过IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白,并利用组氨酸标签将可溶性目的蛋白进行亲和纯化后,免疫日本大耳白兔,从而获得多克隆抗体.间接ELISA法揭示ApcA抗体效价可高达1∶1 025 000;蛋白免疫印迹确定该抗体具有高度特异性.表明该研究成功制备了集胞藻6803藻胆体别藻蓝蛋白多克隆抗体,为进一步研究藻胆体的核心体在光能传递过程中所承担的重要生理角色奠定了生化基础.     

CTX-M-3型超广谱β-内酰胺酶的表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

目的 将肺炎克雷伯菌所产CTX-M-3型超广谱β-内酰胺酶(extended-spectrum β-lactamase,ESBLs)进行表达、纯化及其多克隆抗体的制备.方法 将保存的重组质粒pET-28a(+)/CTX-M-3在大肠埃希菌BL21( DE3)中原核表达.IPTG诱导CTX-M-3融合蛋白表达,利用镍琼脂糖凝胶亲和柱层析纯化蛋白,用纯化的CTX-M-3型ESBLs酶蛋白免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体.结果 可溶性检测表明表达产物以可溶性形式(上清中)和包涵体形式(沉淀中)两种形式存在.通过蛋白表达条件的优化实验,SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示18℃,0.8 mmol/L IPTG诱导24 h的CTX-M-3重组蛋白的可溶性表达最佳.SDS-PAGE电泳和Western-blot检测表明获得纯化的重组32 kD蛋白.免疫获得的CTX-M-3型ESBLs酶蛋白抗血清的效价为1∶32.结论 pET-28a(+)/CTX-M-3表达载体在大肠埃希菌BL21( DE3)中表达,用His亲和层析柱纯化可获得高纯度可溶性的重组蛋白,成功制备了效价较高的抗CTX-M-3型ESBLs酶蛋白多克隆抗体.     

棉铃虫组织蛋白酶B多克隆抗体制备及鉴定

介绍了用重组的棉铃虫组织蛋白酶B(HCB)制备兔多克隆抗体的方法。用已经克隆得到的pGEX 4T 1 HCB重组质粒转化的大肠杆菌 (Escherichiacoli)BL2 1菌株进行诱导表达 ,获得融合表达的包涵体产物。经过变性、复性等方法处理包涵体 ,获得可溶性融合蛋白。用凝血酶裂解融合蛋白 ,再经SDS -聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离纯化目的蛋白HCB ,用做抗原免疫家兔。产生的抗血清经硫酸铵沉淀 ,最后得到了抗棉铃虫组织蛋白酶B的多克隆抗体。用间接酶联免疫吸附测定法测得该抗体对重组表达的组织蛋白酶B和棉铃虫体内的组织蛋白酶B的效价分别为 1∶5 1 2 0 0和 1∶2 5 60 0。通过免疫印迹检测证明此抗体不仅可以识别重组表达的棉铃虫组织蛋白B ,而且可以识别棉铃虫卵巢匀浆液中的棉铃虫组织蛋白酶B。     

梅毒螺旋体外膜蛋白Gpd基因的克隆、表达及其免疫活性研究

利用PCR技术从Tp Nichols株基因组模板中扩增梅毒螺旋体(Treponema pallidum,Tp)外膜蛋白Gpd基因,定向克隆构建真核表达重组体pcDNA3.1( )-Gpd,免疫印迹和免疫组化技术检测pcDNA3.1( )-Gpd在HeLa细胞中的表达;同时将真核表达重组体pcDNA3.1( )-Gpd免疫新西兰兔,检测其在兔体内的免疫应答效果。免疫印迹和免疫组化鉴定均显示重组体在HeLa细胞中能有效表达一个41kD的Gpd融合蛋白。新西兰兔接种核酸疫苗后,能产生特异性抗体,第3次免疫后2周抗体最高滴度可达1∶1024,免疫后兔脾细胞受Gpd蛋白刺激有明显增殖反应。所诱导的抗体水平和脾淋巴细胞增殖情况均显著高于空质粒对照组和空白对照组(p<0.05)。Tp真核表达重组体pcDNA3.1( )-Gpd的成功构建及能刺激新西兰兔产生较强特异的免疫应答,为Gpd蛋白生物学功能及梅毒DNA疫苗的深入研究奠定了一定的实验基础。     

SARS-CoV S蛋白受体结合区的重组表达及免疫原性分析

为了表达SARS-CoV的S蛋白的受体结合区并对其免疫原性进行分析,用PCR方法扩增S蛋白的受体结合区基因片段,克隆至原核表达质粒pET-32a+并在大肠杆菌中表达,应用Western-blot鉴定表达的目的蛋白,而后以该蛋白作为诊断抗原包被酶联板来检测20份SARS病人血清和28份健康人血清,结果原核表达的S蛋白能够和所用的SARS病人血清反应.这提示表达的S重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性.将变性纯化的重组蛋白和复性蛋白分别皮下免疫小鼠,第三次免疫一周后收集抗血清,用ELISA测定抗体和同时测定中和抗体活性.用变性的抗原免疫的小鼠血清均无中和活性;而用复性的蛋白免疫的小鼠产生了中和抗体.实验表明,S蛋白受体结合区无线性中和表位,中和抗体的产生是由构象表位诱导的.提示该蛋白有可能应用于亚单位疫苗的研究.     

口蹄疫病毒免疫活性串联片段FB的表达及免疫原性测定(英)

将口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)免疫串联片段FB克隆至原核表达载体pBAD/TOPO中,经鉴定后得到重组质粒pBAD-FB,将此重组质粒转化到受体菌TOP10中,用诱导剂阿拉伯醛糖分别以不同的浓度进行诱导,并在不同诱导时间进行采样,经处理后做SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、蛋白质印迹分析.结果发现以终浓度为0.002%的阿拉伯醛糖进行诱导,4 h后表达可达到高峰,其大小约为26 ku,软件扫描结果显示,FB融合蛋白的表达量占细菌总蛋白的28.9%,能与抗FMDV抗体发生特异性反应,融合蛋白以包涵体和可溶形式存在.将融合蛋白的可溶性组分用50% Ni-NTA树脂过柱纯化并抽提融合蛋白的包涵体,经过洗涤后分别制成油乳剂疫苗,经皮下注射免疫豚鼠,用乳鼠中和试验测定豚鼠血清中和指数,并用口蹄疫病毒对豚鼠进行攻毒.结果表明,用此融合蛋白的纯化产物和包涵体免疫豚鼠能诱导产生高滴度的中和抗体,对病毒的攻击提供100%的免疫保护.     

杆状病毒AcMNPV vp39基因的克隆、表达与抗体制备

目的:构建苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Autographa californica nucleopolyhedro virus,AcMNPV)VP39的原核表达载体,表达、纯化蛋白并制备多克隆抗体。方法:用PCR方法扩增vp39基因,并将其克隆至pET-21a( )上,转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达,采用割胶回收的方法纯化融合蛋白,纯化的融合蛋白作为抗原,免疫新西兰大白兔,Western blot检测抗体活性。结果:构建了pET-VP39原核表达质粒,含有该质粒的大肠杆菌经IPTG诱导超量表达了一个与预期理论值相符的约为40kDa的融合蛋白。对制备的抗体进行免疫印迹分析表明该抗血清能与感染苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的细胞蛋白样品发生特异性反应。结论:获得了兔抗AcMNPV-VP39多克隆抗体,为进一步深入研究VP39在病毒侵染过程中与宿主因子的相互作用提供了检测工具。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000