中国香港虫目昆虫以及管虫属的研究(目)

根据近年来在香港地区采集到的一些虫目昆虫 ,经整理鉴定及文献记录 ,记述香港虫目昆虫 3科 6属 9种 ,其中有 1新种 :树基管虫 Sipyloidea shukayi,sp.nov.。制定了分类检索表 ,结合新种的鉴别 ,整理了全国管虫属 Sipyloidea已知种 ,制定出 8个种的检索表。新种模式标本保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所     

中国南方目昆虫二新种(目:胫缘亚目)

记述采自中国江西与广西的目昆虫 2新种 :庐山无肛 Paraentorialushanensis,sp.nov.和暗黑华枝 Sinophasma atratum,sp.nov.。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国香港(虫)目昆虫以及管(虫)属的研究((虫)目)

根据近年来在香港地区采集到的一些虫目昆虫,经整理鉴定及文献记录,记述香港虫目昆虫3科6属9种,其中有1新种树基管虫Sipyloidea shukayi, sp. nov..制定了分类检索表,结合新种的鉴别,整理了全国管虫属Sipyloidea 已知种,制定出8个种的检索表.新种模式标本保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所.     

中国（虫,*）目昆虫二新纪录属与二新种记述(（虫,*）目:（虫,*）科,异（虫,*）科)

本文报道中国■目昆虫■科Ｐｈａｓｍａｔｉｄａｅ与异■科Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｎｅｍｉｉｄａｅ各１新纪录属：叶尾■属ＡＣｒｏ－ｐｈｙｌｌａ　Ｇｒａｙ和副厚■属Ｐａｒａｐａｃｈｙｍｏｒｐｈａ　Ｂｒｕｎｎｅｒ;及其各１新种：四川叶尾■Ａｃｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ　ｓｉｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和四刺副厚■Ｐａｒａｐａｃｈｙｍｏｒｐｈａ ｔｅｔｒａｃａｎｔｈａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

昆虫化学感受蛋白(CSPs)的功能研究概述

昆虫的嗅觉系统与其各项生命活动息息相关,化学感受蛋白(CSPs)是嗅觉系统中的重要组成部分,可以结合气味或信息素分子,并传递给嗅觉受体,完成嗅觉相关功能。随着分子生物学技术和测序手段的不断发展,越来越多的昆虫CSPs得到鉴定。CSPs在昆虫体内广泛分布于触角、跗节、下颚须等化学感受器官,同时也在表皮、腹部、体躯等非感受器官大量表达,具有感知化学分子的功能并且与昆虫生长、发育、繁殖等生理功能及昆虫对杀虫剂的抗性相关。本文通过从CSPs的发现和命名、分子特性、结构及分布等方面展开综述,着重介绍CSPs的气味分子识别作用机制、抗药性机制及功能分类,以期为今后利用CSPs作为靶标防治害虫提供参考。     

云南高黎贡山目昆虫五新种及污色无翅刺雄性的发现(目:异科,科)

记述云南高黎贡山目异科和科5个新种,即刺胸阿异Aruanoidea notata,sp.nov.,高山短肛Baculum altissimum,sp.nov.,光亮拟短肛Parabaculum laevigatum,sp.nov.,双角刺Cnipsomorpha biangulatus,sp.nov.,黑缘介Interphasma marginatum,sp.nov.,并且首次记述了污色无翅刺Cnipsomorpha colorantis(Chen et He)的雄性。模式标本分别存放于北京林业大学与中国林业科学研究院昆虫标本馆。     

Identity and expression pattern of chemosensory proteins in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Analyzing the chemosensory organs of the moth Heliothis virescens, three proteins belonging to the family of insect chemosensory proteins (CSPs) have been cloned; they are called HvirCSP1, HvirCSP2 and HvirCSP3. The HvirCSPs show about 50% identity between each other and 30–76% identity to CSPs from other species. Overall, they are rather hydrophilic proteins but include a conserved hydrophobic motif. Tissue distribution and temporal expression pattern during the last pupal stages were assessed by Northern blots. HvirCSP mRNAs were detected in various parts of the adult body with a particular high expression level in legs. The expression of HvirCSP1 in legs started early during adult development, in parallel with the appearance of the cuticle. HvirCSP1 mRNA was detectable five days before eclosion (day E-5), increased dramatically on day E-3 and remained at high level into adult life. The tissue distribution and the time course of appearance of HvirCSPs are in agreement with a possible role in contact chemosensation.     

Rapid Assessment of Maturation Stage and Reproductive Mode in Centrolecytic Eggs of Stick Insects (Phasmatodea) Using DAPI Stain

A rapid three-step DAPI technique is proposed for detecting meiotic stages and sperm head evolution in yolky, fertilized stick insect eggs, which were difficult to analyze with other methods. Fixed eggs were freed from chorionic envelopes and stained directly in DAPI/PBS solution. After rinsing, eggs were singly squashed in a drop of mounting buffer and examined under a microscope with incident fluorescent illumination. The method was almost uniformly successful, and direct observation of nuclear structures, coupled with fluorometry, allowed easy recognition of bivalents, diads, pronuclei and their DNA content. The DAPI method proposed here appears particularly helpful for investigating unusual reproductive modes in eggs with large amounts of yolk.     

Two new species of Phraortes from the Ryukyus,Japan (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae)

Two new species of Phraortes are described from the Ryukyus of Japan. Phraortes kumensis sp. nov. is described from Kume‐jima Island, and P. yonaguniensis sp. nov. from Yonaguni‐jima Island. The morphology of the females, males and eggs of the new species is illustrated.     

Identity and expression pattern of chemosensory proteins in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Analyzing the chemosensory organs of the moth Heliothis virescens, three proteins belonging to the family of insect chemosensory proteins (CSPs) have been cloned; they are called HvirCSP1, HvirCSP2 and HvirCSP3. The HvirCSPs show about 50% identity between each other and 30–76% identity to CSPs from other species. Overall, they are rather hydrophilic proteins but include a conserved hydrophobic motif. Tissue distribution and temporal expression pattern during the last pupal stages were assessed by Northern blots. HvirCSP mRNAs were detected in various parts of the adult body with a particular high expression level in legs. The expression of HvirCSP1 in legs started early during adult development, in parallel with the appearance of the cuticle. HvirCSP1 mRNA was detectable five days before eclosion (day E-5), increased dramatically on day E-3 and remained at high level into adult life. The tissue distribution and the time course of appearance of HvirCSPs are in agreement with a possible role in contact chemosensation.     

On the cytotaxonomy of phasmids (Phasmatodea)

Summary A wide diversity in chromosome complement is found in two species of phasmids of the primitive group Prisopini—Prisopus ariadne Hebard and Prisopus berosus Westwood. P. ariadne has a diploid male complement of 28, comprising 13 pairs of relatively large mediokinetic autosomes and Neo XY sex chromosomes. P. berosus, 2n =49, has relatively small autosomes most of which are mediokinetic, and retains the XO—XX sex mechanism. Chromosomal polymorphism in this species is suggested by the presence of an unequal pair of autosomes and a structural differentiation in the X in one of two males studied.The relative amount of DNA per nucleus in male germ cells (Peulgen cytophotometry) shows a significant difference in total chromosomal content between the complements of the two species.These data are discussed with reference to the cytotaxonomy of phasmids.Supported in part by research grant G-4370 from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service.     

Purification and molecular cloning of chemosensory proteins from Bombyx mori

Soluble low molecular weight acidic proteins are suspected to transport stimulus molecules to the sensory neurons within insect sensilla. From the antennae of Bombyx mori, we have purified and sequenced a protein (BmorCSP1) bearing sequence similarity to a class of soluble chemosensory proteins recently discovered in several orders of insects. Based on its N-terminal sequence, the cDNA encoding this protein has been amplified and cloned. Differential screening of a B. mori antennal cDNA library led to the identification of a second gene encoding a related protein (BmorCSP2), sharing 35-40% identity to BmorCSP1 and chemosensory proteins from other species. The predicted secondary structures of moth's, chemosensory proteins comprise alpha-helical foldings at conserved positions and a reduced hydrophobicity with respect to this novel family of chemosensory proteins.     

越南短肛脩属二新种(脩目：脩科)

 记述了采自越南的短肛脩属Baculum二新种,即库氏短肛脩B. coomani Chen,sp.nov.和越北短肛脩B.tonkinense Ch en,sp.nov.。     

越南短肛属二新种(目：科)

记述了采自越南的短肛属Baculum二新种,即库氏短肛B. coomani Chen,sp.nov.和越北短肛B.tonkinense Chen,sp.nov.。     

川、滇竹异属三新种(目：异科)

报道了竹异属 Carausius Stal三新种,即波竹异C.undatus sp.nov.,股叶竹异C. femoralis sp.nov.,丽江竹异C. lijiangensis sp.nov.。     

Soluble proteins and isoenzymes from seeds of diverse male steriles of sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Summary A comparison of soluble protein, esterase, GDH and ADH isoenzyme patterns in seeds of different steriles, maintainers and restorer lines exhibited similarities as well as differences. Soluble protein patterns from sterile and maintainer lines differed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on the esterase patterns, male steriles with different cytoplasms could be separated into three groups (i) Ck 60A and B; Nagpur A and B, (ii) M 35-1A and 1 B, M 31-2A and 2B, (iii) G1A and B, VZM2A and 2B. Each group could further be differentiated on the basis of minor differences in esterase isoenzyme patterns within each group. ADH and GDH patterns in general were similar in both sterile and maintainer lines.Abbreviations ADH Alcohol dehydrogenase - GDH Glutamate dehydrogenase - NAD Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide     

The male genitalia of Oxyartes lamellatus - phasmatodeans do have complex phallic organs (Insecta: Phasmatodea)

A detailed study of the exoskeleton and musculature of the phallic organ of Oxyartes lamellatus (Kirby, 1904) (Phasmatodea: Necrosciinae) is here presented - the first study of this kind for Phasmatodea. The asymmetrical phallic organ shows a highly complicated morphology, with several sclerites and many formative structural elements, of which a sclerotised bulb in the ejaculatory duct wall and a long flagellum arising from near it are among the most conspicuous. Four extrinsic and 20 intrinsic phallic muscles were found; many of these are quite compact bundles or sheets, while a few others are diffuse groups of fibres. Phallic morphology in Oxyartes is compared with the literature data on male genitalia in other Phasmatodea, but this is limited by the superficial treatment of phallic organs in the few relevant previous contributions. Yet, phallic organs appear as a useful new character system for phylogenetic reconstruction and species distinction in Phasmatodea. Comparison with phallic organs in other ‘orthopteroid’ insects shows that these organs are too different among orders as to allow for sound homologisation of phallic substructures. Consideration of development of phallic organs does not help in this aspect. There is no evidence of phasmatodean phallic organs being pedomorphic.