长链非编码RNA表征及其在结直肠癌发生发展中的作用和临床意义

长非编码RNA（long non-coding RNAs, lncRNAs）是一类转录本长度大于200个核苷酸,不具有蛋白质编码功能的非编码RNA（non-coding RNA, ncRNA）。人类基因组中,ncRNA基因占比超过90%,数量远大于蛋白质编码基因。作为生物大分子,lncRNA具有特定的初级和高级结构,在基因表达调控等生物学进程中发挥着特有的功能。lncRNA数量多,结构各异,因此鉴定和表征新的lncRNA,探索其结构和功能,是当前基因研究领域的热点之一。在临床疾病机制研究中,大量结果表明,lncRNA与临床疾病发生发展,特别是肿瘤的发生发展具有密切的相关性。伴随着后基因组学时代基因鉴定和功能探索方法的不断进步,探索lncRNA在疾病发生中的功能及表达变化,深入解锁lncRNA在疾病发生中涉及的分子机制,将为疾病早期预防、诊断和预后提供有效参考。基于以上的研究大背景,本文对lncRNA的定义、基因鉴定的策略和方法,高级结构检测及其对应的生物学功能,以及lncRNA的分类进行了阐述;另一方面,基于lncRNA与肿瘤发生发展的密切关系,本文以经典抑癌基因p53为切入点,对多种p53相关的lncRNA在结直肠癌（colorectal cancer, CRC）发生发展中的作用进行了归纳小结,阐述了lncRNA在结直肠癌中的表达变化、涉及的分子互作机制和信号通路,对其作为分子标志物在临床中的应用潜力进行了评估。我们乐观地认为,作为生物分子标志物,lncRNA将为包括癌症在内的疾病治疗提供全新、精准和个性化的分子靶点。     

长链非编码RNA调控自噬的研究进展

长链非编码RNA (lncRNA)是转录本长度超过200个核苷酸的RNA分子,不具备蛋白质编码功能。细胞自噬是真核生物的一种高度保守、用来降解和循环再利用细胞内生物大分子或受损细胞器的过程,有助于维持机体内环境稳态。自噬研究是当下生命科学研究的热点,前期研究发现,lncRNA在细胞自噬调控中发挥着重要作用,深入探索lncRNA调控自噬的分子机制及其与疾病发生的关系对预防和治疗多种人类重大疾病具有重要意义。该文就目前为止报道过的部分lncRNA参与自噬调控的最新进展进行归纳总结,以期为lncRNA调控自噬的相关研究及其在肿瘤等疾病治疗中的作用提供参考。     

长链非编码RNA在神经系统疾病中的作用

转录本长度超过200个核苷酸(nt)的非编码RNA被称为长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)。lncRNA可在转录和转录后水平调控基因的表达,并作为信号分子、蛋白质复合物支架、分子诱饵实现其生物功能;lncRNA的表达与多种疾病的发生密切相关。现将综述lncRNA的功能及其在神经系统疾病中的研究进展,以期了解这些疾病的发病机制,并为治疗提供新的思路。     

长链非编码RNA在神经精神性疾病中的研究进展

神经精神性疾病发病率正逐年上升,由其引起的疾病负担已成为社会主要公共卫生问题之一。目前,神经精神性疾病的病理学机制还未完全阐明。探索神经精神性疾病的发病机制、可靠的生物标志物及有效的治疗方法一直是研究的热点。越来越多研究表明,长度超过200个核苷酸的长非编码RNA (long noncoding RNA, lncRNA)在转录及转录后水平等调控介导许多神经系统疾病的病理过程,被认为是各种神经精神性疾病的关键调节分子。本文系统阐述了lncRNA的生物学功能及其在中枢神经系统中的作用,尤其是lnc RNA调控阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)、帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)、精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SZ)、自闭症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder, ASD)和抑郁症(major depressive disorder, MDD)等神经精神性疾病的发病机制,为探索lncRNA参与神经精神性疾病调控的表观遗传机制提供新的视角。     

RNA修饰对长链非编码RNA的调控作用

长链非编码RNA (lncRNA)能在表观遗传、转录以及转录后水平上调控基因表达,与疾病的发生、发展和防治有着密切的联系。RNA修饰介导的表观转录组学调控是表观遗传的新领域,可以在转录后水平调控基因表达,并且可以作为一种重要的修饰手段对lncRNA进行调控。RNA修饰可以通过对lncRNA表达水平、剪切方式及二级结构的调控,影响各种生物学进程。现回顾和展望RNA修饰对lncRNA的调控作用和其潜在的生物学功能。     

肿瘤分子病理学中的调节性RNA

肿瘤发生与发展的主要分子基础是基因表达调控紊乱.调节性RNA在基因表达调控各个环节和各种细胞生物学过程中发挥重要作用. microRNA, circRNA, lncRNA, piRNA, snoRNA, tsRNA等各类调节性RNA的生成、生物学功能及其在肿瘤中的作用和分子机制,是近年肿瘤分子生物学研究的重要进展,并逐步转化应用于临床实践.本文综述了近年来肿瘤分子生物学领域中调节性RNA的研究进展,并对其发展方向和实践应用进行了展望.     

非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病关系的研究进展

妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM)是一种常见的妊娠并发症,指在妊娠期间首次发生或诊断的自发性糖耐量异常。近年来研究发现,大量非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)与GDM发生、发展相关,其中包括微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)、长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)和环状RNA(circular RNA, circRNA)等。该综述将重点讨论miRNA、lncRNA、circRNA及其在GDM的发生、发展中的生物学作用,帮助我们更好地了解ncRNA在GDM中发挥其功能和相互作用的分子机制,为今后的研究提供信息。     

LncRNA作为ceRNA调控肿瘤的发生发展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是长度大于200 bp,不编码蛋白质的内源性RNA分子.近年来的研究表明,lncRNA可以作为一种竞争性内源RNA(competing endogenous RNA,ceRNA)吸附miRNA,参与靶基因的表达调控,从而在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥重要的作用.本文从lncRNA作为ceRNA发挥生物学功能这一角度,概述了相关lncRNA在肿瘤发生发展中的作用及机制.揭秘lncRNA与miRNA在肿瘤发生中的相互作用,将为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新思路.     

lncRNA在白血病中对细胞增殖和凋亡的调控作用

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)参与基因表达的调控,在白血病的发生和发展过程中可通过多种机制调控细胞增殖、凋亡等过程,发挥促癌或抑癌作用。本文对lncRNA ZEB1-AS1、lncRNA NALT、lncRNA H19、lncRNA PLIN2、lncRNA MEG3、lncRNA CASC15、lincRNA-p21等lncRNA分别在白血病中的生物学功能及其调控细胞增殖和凋亡的机制进行了简要概述,旨在为白血病的诊疗和预后提供新策略。     

lncRNA与miRNA相互调控作用及其与肿瘤的关系研究

长链非编码RNA (long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类转录本长度大于200 bp的非编码RNA,可作为人类基因组中一类重要的调控分子通过多种方式发挥其生物学功能.近年来的研究表明,lncRNA也可以作为一种竞争性内源性RNA (competing endogenous RNA, ceRNA) 与miRNA相互作用,参与靶基因的表达调控,并在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥重要的作用.本综述在简要介绍lncRNA功能研究现状和主要研究方法的基础上,进一步分析了lncRNA与miRNA之间的互相调控关系及其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用,以便为后续的研究提供新的思路.     

NEAT1 contributes to ox-LDL-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in macrophages through inhibiting miR-128

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been recognized as significant regulators in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) can induce macrophage inflammation and oxidative stress, that serves important roles in AS. However, the exact function of lncRNA NEAT1 and its possible molecular mechanism in AS remain unclear. Here, we concentrated on the roles and molecular mechanisms of NEAT1 in AS development. In our current study, we observed that NEAT1 was elevated by ox-LDL in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. RAW264.7 cell survival was greatly enhanced, and cell apoptosis was significantly inhibited by LV-shNEAT1 transfection. In addition, knockdown of NEAT1 in RAW264.7 cells repressed CD36 expression and foam cell formation while NEAT1 overexpression shown an opposite process. Moreover, NEAT1 downregulation inhibited inflammation molecules including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Meanwhile, silencing of NEAT1 can also suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in RAW264.7 cells. MicroRNAs are some short RNAs, and they can regulate multiple biological functions in many diseases including AS. Here, we found that miR-128 expression was remarkably decreased in ox-LDL-incubated RAW264.7 cells. Interestingly, miR-128 mimics was able to reverse AS-correlated events induced by overexpression of NEAT1. By using bioinformatics analysis, miR-128 was predicted as a target of NEAT1 and the correlation between them was validated in our study. Taken these together, it was implied that NEAT1 participated in ox-LDL-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in AS development through sponging miR-128.     

Construction of competitive endogenous RNA network reveals regulatory role of long non‐coding RNAs in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Increasing epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its comorbidities makes it urgent to understand the pathogenesis and regulatory mechanism. However, little is known about the regulatory role of lncRNAs in diabetes. Here, we constructed a T2DM‐related competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network (DMCN) to explore biological function of lncRNAs during the development of diabetes mellitus. This network contained 351 nodes including 98 mRNAs, 86 microRNAs and 167 lncRNAs. Functional analysis showed that the mRNAs in DMCN were annotated into some diabetes‐related pathways. Furthermore, mTOR‐centred subnetwork was extracted and ncRNA‐involved mTOR pathway was established. Finally, we validated that NEAT1 was potentially communicated with mTOR signalling target protein mLST8 via the association with miR‐181b. These findings provide significant insight into lncRNA regulatory network in T2DM.     

LncRNA NEAT1 promotes extracellular matrix accumulation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting miR-27b-3p and ZEB1 in diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a kind of microvascular complications of diabetes. Long noncoding RNAs (lnRNAs) can participate in the development of various diseases, including DN. However, the function of lncRNA NEAT1 is unclear. In our present study, we reported that NEAT1 was significantly increased in streptozotocin-induced DN rat models and high-glucose-induced mice mesangial cells. We observed that knockdown of NEAT1 greatly inhibited renal injury of DN rats. Meanwhile, downregulation of NEAT1-modulated extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (ASK1, fibronectin, and TGF-β1) expression and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins (E-cadherin and N-cadherin) in vitro. Previously, miR-27b-3p has been reported to be involved in diabetes. Here, miR-27b-3p was decreased in DN rats and high-glucose-induced mice mesangial cells. The direct correlation between NEAT1 and miR-27b-3p was validated using the dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation experiments. In addition, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), which has been identified in the process of EMT clearly contributes to EMT progression. ZEB1 was predicted as a target of miR-27b-3p and overexpression of miR-27b-3p dramatically repressed ZEB1 expression. Therefore, our data implied the potential role of NEAT1 in the fibrogenesis and EMT in DN via targeting miR-27b-3p and ZEB1.