共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Xi Liu Chuxuan Zhao Di Wang Gen Pan Xiaonan Ji Su Gao Tanxiao Du Yating Feng Wenjing Chen 《Phyton》2023,92(7):2051-2064
Many studies have already shown that dwarfism and moderate delayed leaf senescence positively impact rice yield, but the underlying molecular mechanism of dwarfism and leaf senescence remains largely unknown. Here, using map-based cloning, we identified an allele of DEP2, DDG1, which controls plant height and leaf senescence in rice. The ddg1 mutant displayed dwarfism, short panicles, and delayed leaf senescence. Compared with the wild-type, ddg1 was insensitive to exogenous gibberellins (GA) and brassinolide (BR). DDG1 is expressed in various organs, especially in stems and panicles. Yeast two-hybrid assay, bimolecular fluorescent complementation and luciferase complementation image assay showed that DDG1 interacts with the α-subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein. Disruption of RGA1 resulted in dwarfism, short panicles, and darker-green leaves. Furthermore, we found that ddg1 and the RGA1 mutant was more sensitive to salt treatment, suggesting that DDG1 and RGA1 are involved in regulating salt stress response in rice. Our results show that DDG1/DEP2 regulates plant height and leaf senescence through interacting with RGA1. 相似文献
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Muhammad Jan Muhammad Anwar-Ul-Haq Talha Javed Sadam Hussain Ilyas Ahmad Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah Javed Iqbal Babar Hussain Babar Aqsa Hafeez Muhammad Aslam Muhammad Tahir Akbar Marjan Aziz Khadiga Alharbi Izhar Ullah 《Phyton》2023,92(5):1361-1375
Abiotic stresses are among the major limiting factors for plant growth and crop productivity. Among these, salinity is one of the major risk factors for plant growth and development in arid to semi-arid regions. Cultivation of salt tolerant crop genotypes is one of the imperative approaches to meet the food demand for increasing population. The current experiment was carried out to access the performance of different rice genotypes under salinity stress and Zinc (Zn) sources. Four rice genotypes were grown in a pot experiment and were exposed to salinity stress (7 dS m−1), and Zn (15 mg kg−1 soil) was applied from two sources, ZnSO4 and Zn-EDTA. A control of both salinity and Zn was kept for comparison. Results showed that based on the biomass accumulation and K+/Na+ ratio, KSK-133 and BAS-198 emerged as salt tolerant and salt sensitive, respectively. Similarly, based on the Zn concentration, BAS-2000 was reported as Zn-in-efficient while IR-6 was a Zn-efficient genotype. Our results also revealed that plant growth, relative water content (RWC), physiological attributes including chlorophyll contents, ionic concentrations in straw and grains of all rice genotypes were decreased under salinity stress. However, salt tolerant and Zn-in-efficient rice genotypes showed significantly higher shoot K+ and Zn concentrations under saline conditions. Zinc application significantly alleviates the harmful effects of salinity by improving morpho-physiological attributes and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, and the uptake of K and Zn. The beneficial effect of Zn was more pronounced in salt-tolerant and Zn in-efficient rice genotypes as compared with salt-sensitive and Zn-efficient genotypes. In sum, our results confirmed that Zn application increased overall plant’s performance under saline conditions, particularly in Zn in-efficient and tolerant genotypes as compared with salt-sensitive and Zn efficient rice genotypes. 相似文献
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Adel A. Rezk Mohamed M. El-Malky Hossam S. El-Beltagi Mohammed Al-daej Kotb A. Attia 《Phyton》2023,92(3):725-746
Monogenic lines, which carried 23 genes for blast resistance were tested and used donors to transfer resistance genesby crossing method. The results under blast nursery revealed that 9 genes from 23 genes were susceptible to highlysusceptible under the three locations (Sakha, Gemmeza, and Zarzoura in Egypt); Pia, Pik, Pik-p, Piz-t, Pita, Pi b, Pi,Pi 19 and Pi 20. While, the genes Pii, Pik-s, Pik-h, Pi z, Piz-5, Pi sh, Pi 3, Pi 1, Pi 5, Pi 7, Pi 9, Pi 12, Pikm and Pita-2were highly resistant at the same locations. Clustering analysis confirmed the results, which divided into two groups;the first one included all the susceptible genes, while the second one included the resistance genes. In the greenhousetest, the reaction pattern of five races produced 100% resistance under artificial inoculation with eight genes showingcomplete resistance to all isolates. The completely resistant genes: Pii, Pik-s, Piz, Piz-5 (=bi2) (t), Pita (=Pi4) (t), Pita,Pi b and Pi1 as well as clustering analysis confirmed the results. In the F1 crosses, the results showed all the 25 crosseswere resistant for leaf blast disease under field conditions. While, the results in F2 population showed seven crosseswith segregation ratio of 15 (R):1 (S), two cross gave segregated ratio of 3 R:1 S and one gave 13:3. For the identi-fication of blast resistance genes in the parental lines, the marker K3959, linked to Pik-s gene and the varietyIRBLKS-F5 carry this gene, which was from the monogenic line. The results showed that four genotypes; Sakha105, Sakha 103, Sakha 106 and IRBLKS-F5 were carrying Pik-s gene, while was absent in the Sakha 101, Sakha104, IRBL5-M, IRBL9-W, IRBLTACP1 and IRBL9-W(R) genotypes. As for Pi 5 gene, the results showed that itwas present in Sakha 103 and Sakha 104 varieties and absent in the rest of the genotypes. In addition, Pita-Pita-2 gene was found in the three Egyptian genotypes (Sakha 105, Sakha 101 and Sakha 104) plus IRBLTACP1 monogenetic. In F2 generation, six populations were used to study the inheritance of blast resistance and specific primersto confirm the ratio and identify the resistance genes. However, the ratios in molecular markers were the same of theratio under field evaluation in the most population studies. These findings would facilitate in breeding programs forgene pyramiding and gene accumulation to produce durable resistance for blast using those genotypes. 相似文献
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There is a positive correlation between fertility and yield, and the decrease of fertility is bound to a greatly reducedcrop yield. Male sterile mutants can be used in hybrid rice. Therefore, rice male sterility has an important value inresearch and application, and the study of related mutants is also very vital. The mutant ms10 (male sterile 10)reported in this study was induced by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) in the indica maintainer line Xinong 1B.There was no significant difference between the ms10 and wild type in the vegetative growth stage. However, inthe reproductive growth stage, ms10 showed that the plant became shorter, the anther became smaller and thecolor became lighter, and finally showed the phenotype of male sterility in comparison to the wild type. I2-KIstaining showed that the pollen was malformed and only a little was active. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that the exine waxy layer of the ms10 anther decreased, suggesting that the protective effect onpollen was decreased. This may be one of the reasons leading to the phenotype of male sterility. Finally, the pollenshowed shrinkage and collapsed, and the structure of germinating pore cover disappeared. This may be the resultof sterility. Genetic analysis showed that the male sterility phenotype of the mutant was controlled by a singlerecessive nuclear gene. MS10 was mapped between the molecular markers IND37 and IND51 on chromosome 4,with a physical distance of 178.6 kb. These results lay the foundation for further studies on MS10. 相似文献
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Ramachandran Vinyagam Pradeep Kumar Kyung Eun Lee Baojun Xu Muhammad Nurul Matin Sang Gu Kang 《Phyton》2021,90(1):1-15
Medicinal herbs are well known and studied over the past millennia in most of the developing countries as a rational means of treatment against various diseases and disorders. Wedelolactone (WDL), a major bioactive compound in Eclipta prostrata L (Eclipta alba L), has been reported with potential benefits in human health against chronic diseases. However, a comprehensive study on WDL pharmacological benefits in various ailments, to the best of our knowledge, is not yet reported. Thereof, the present review provides the recent therapeutic applications in reference to biological and functional activities against major human chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and androgenetic alopecia. In this study, we collected all the relevant experimental information on WDL from Scientific databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Conclusively, WDL is recognized as a key anti-oxidant with both specific regulator and inhibitor of major drug targetable proteins in human chronic diseases and disorders. Hence, WDL as a novel therapeutic bioactive molecule is advised to explore further for relevant pharmacological activities. 相似文献
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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), when exposed to abiotic stress such as salinity, suffers significant losses in yield andproductivity. The present study evaluated the salinity tolerance of 12 alfalfa cultivars in vitro using five concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), ranging from 0 to 250 mmol L−1. The results obtained in the current studyrevealed that the Saudi cultivars, Kasimi and Hassawi, and the German cultivar (Berlin) had the highest salinitytolerance in terms of germination percentage (GP), corrected germination rate index (CGRI), days to reach 50%germination (GT50), and ability to form cotyledonary and true leaves. Under mmol L−1 NaCl, the Saudi cultivarKasimi cultivar showed GP, CGRI, and GT50 of 55.20%, 123.15, and 3.77 days, respectively. Similarly, the Germancultivar (Berlin) showed GP, CGRI, and GT50 of 50.06%, 86.61, and 5.17 days, respectively. These findings mightreveal a pivotal aspect in salt tolerance in alfalfa. Our results will help to select salt-tolerant alfalfa cultivars thatcould thrive in arid and semi-arid areas with salinity problems. 相似文献
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Yuanfen Gao Tinglan Jiang Yin Xiang Xuewu He Zhen Zhang Shengjuan Wen Junjie Zhang 《Phyton》2021,90(5):1465-1476
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EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), a light zeitnehmer (time-taker) gene, regulates circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis, rice, and barley. The three orthologs of ELF3 (TaELF3-1AL, TaELF3-1BL, andTaELF3-1DL) have been identified in wheat too, and one gene, TaELF3-1DL, has been associated with headingdate. However, the basic characteristics of these three genes and the roles of the other two genes, TaELF3-1BLand, TaELF3-1AL, remain unknown. Therefore, the present study obtained the coding sequences of the threeorthologs (TaELF3-1AL, TaELF3-1BL, and TaELF3-1DL) of ELF3 from bread wheat and characterized themand investigated the role of TaELF3-1BL in Arabidopsis. Protein sequence comparison revealed similarities amongthe three TaELF3 genes of wheat; however, they were different from the Arabidopsis ELF3. Real-time quantitativePCR revealed TaELF3 expression in all wheat tissues tested, with the highest expression in young spikes; the threegenes showed rhythmic expression patterns also. Furthermore, the overexpression of the TaELF3-1BL gene inArabidopsis delayed flowering, indicating their importance in flowering. Subsequent overexpression ofTaELF3-1BL in the Arabidopsis ELF3 nonfunctional mutant (elf3 mutant) eliminated its early flowering phenotype, and slightly delayed flowering. The wild-type Arabidopsis overexpressing TaELF3-1BL demonstratedreduced expression levels of flowering-related genes, such as CONSTANS (AtCO), FLOWERING LOCUS T (AtFT),and GIGANTEA (AtGI). Thus, the study characterized the three TaELF3 genes and associated TaELF3-1BL withflowering in Arabidopsis, suggesting a role in regulating flowering in wheat too. These findings provide a basis forfurther research on TaELF3 functions in wheat. 相似文献
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Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most damaging diseases to rice across the world. Various chemicals have been employed so far for the management of bacterial leaf blight. On the other hand, these compounds are damaging to the ecosystem and have an impact on non-target species such as humans and animals. As a result, there is a need to create a new natural inhibitor for BLB management. Deformylase (PDF) enzyme is present in all eubacteria and its necessity in bacterial protein synthesis reveals it as an attractive target for drug development. In this study, the active components of Nigella sativa have been selected based on their previously reported antimicrobial activity and screened on the active site of bacterial PDF by the in silico art of techniques. Among these compounds, dithymoquinone and p-cymene strongly bind with the PDF enzyme with binding energy values of 7.77 kcal/mol and 7.26 kcal/mol, respectively, which is comparatively higher than the control compound (−6.73 kcal/mol). Hence, the “dithymoquinone-PDF” and “p-cymene-PDF” complexes were selected for further study, and their stability was assessed by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. In MD simulation, both selected compounds exhibited steady-state interaction with PDF for 20 ns. It has been hypothesized that p-cymene and dithymoquinone inhibit peptide deformylase and could be used as antibacterials or pesticides against Xoo against the BLB disease. 相似文献
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The lignocellulosic crop Miscanthus spp. has been identified as a good candidate for biomass production. Theresponses of Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. to salinity were studied to satisfy the needs for high yields in marginalareas and to avoid competition with food production. The results indicated that the relative advantages of thetolerant accession over the sensitive one under saline conditions were associated with restricted Na+ accumulationin shoots. Seedlings of two accessions (salt-tolerant ‘JM0119’ and salt-sensitive ‘JM0099’) were subjected to 0(control), 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl stress to better understand the salt-induced biochemical responses of genesinvolved in Na+ accumulation in M. sinensis. The adaptation responses of genes encoding for Na+/H+ antiporters,NHX1 and SOS1 to NaCl stress were examined in JM0119 and JM0099.The cDNA sequences of genes examinedwere highly conserved among the relatives of M. sinensis based on the sequencing on approximate 600 bp-longcDNA fragments obtained from degenerate PCR. These salt-induced variations of gene expression investigated byquantitative real-time PCR provided evidences for insights of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance inM. sinensis. The expression of NHX1 was up-regulated by salt stress in JM0119 shoot and root tissues. However,it was hardly affected in JM0099 shoot tissue except for a significant increase at the 100 mM salt treatment, and itwas salt-suppressed in the JM0099 root tissue. In the root tissue, the expression of SOS1 was induced by the highsalt treatment in JM0119 but repressed by all salt treatments in JM0099. Thus, the remarkably higher expressionof NHX1 and SOS1 were associated with the resistance to Na+ toxicity by regulation of the Na+ influx, efflux, andsequestration under different salt conditions. 相似文献
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Phytophthora nicotianae causes substantial economic losses in most countries where tobacco is produced. At present, the control of P. nicotianae mainly depends on chemical methods, with considerable environmental andhealth issues. We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) and Magnolia officinalis (MO). On mycelial growth, sporangium formation, and zoospore release of P. nicotianae. Bothextracts inhibited the growth of P. nicotianae, with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 88.92% and 93.92%, respectively, at 40 mg/mL, and EC50 values of 5.39 and 5.74 mg/mL, respectively. The underlying mechanisms were theinhibition of sporangium formation, the reduction of zoospore number, and the destruction of the myceliumstructure. At an SBG extract concentration of 16.17 mg/mL, the inhibition rates for sporangia and zoospores were98.66% and 99.39%, respectively. At an MO extract concentration of 2.87 mg/mL, the production of sporangiaand zoospores was completely inhibited. The hyphae treated with the two plant extracts showed different degreesof deformation and damage. Hyphae treated with SBG extract showed adhesion and local swelling, whereas treatment with MO extract resulted in broken hyphae. Mixture of the extracts resulted in a good synergistic effect. 相似文献
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Hongxiu Gao Lin Zhu Tianqi Liu Xueyu Leng Zhenxing Zhu Wei Xie Haitao Lv Zhengxun Jin Ping Wu Zhongchen Zhang 《Phyton》2023,92(6):1743-1763
Cyclophilin (CYP) plays an important role in plant response to stress, and OsCYP2, one gene of cyclophlilinfamily, is involved in auxin signal transduction and stress signaling in rice. However, the mechanism that OsCYP2is involved in rice response to low temperature is still unclear. We identified a new OsCYP2 allelic mutant, lrl3,with fewer lateral roots, and the differences in shoot height, primary root length and adventitious root lengthincreased with the growth process compared to the wild-type plant. Auxin signaling pathway was also affectedand became insensitive to gravity. The transgenic rice plants with over-expression of OsCYP2 were more tolerantto low temperature than the wild-type plants, suggesting that OsCYP2 was involved in the low temperatureresponse in rice. In addition, OsCYP2 negatively regulated the expression of OsTPS38, a terpene synthase gene,and was dependent on the OsCDPK7-mediated pathway in response to low temperature stress. OsTPS38-overexpressed transgenic line ox-2 was more sensitive to low temperature. Therefore, OsCYP2 may negativelyregulate OsTPS38 through an OsCDPK7-dependent pathway to mediate the response to low temperature in rice.These results provide a new basis for auxin signaling genes to regulate rice response to low temperature stress. 相似文献
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Xiaoli Li Shiyan Lu Yaru Yang Wenjie Wei Jiali Wei Xiaojun Yuan Ping Li 《Phyton》2021,90(5):1387-1400
It is known that the high level of sugar including glucose suppresses seed germination through ABA signal. ABI5 isan essential component to mediate ABA-dependent seed germination inhibition, but underlying mechanismneeds more investigation. Previous study demonstrated the PIF4 activated the expression of ABI5 to suppress seedgermination in darkness. Here we reported that PIF4 also mediated the seed germination inhibition through ABI5under high concentration of glucose treatment. Furthermore, we found that PIF4 interacted with PAP1, the central factor to control anthocyanin biosynthesis. Such interaction was confirmed in vitro and in planta. Biochemicaland physiological analysis revealed that PAP1 bond the promoter of ABI5 to suppress its expression, thusenhanced seed germination under high concentration of glucose treatment. Specially, PAP1 competed with PIF4 toantagonize the activation of PIF4 on ABI5 expression, thus promoted seed germination under high glucose treatment. Given these, we uncover a novel role for PIF4 and PAP1 in controlling seed germination under high glucosetreatment, and reveal their antagonistic mechanism by which coordinates ABI5 expression to control seed germination in response to the glucose signal. 相似文献
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Carlos Eduardo Ornelas-Ramírez Sergio Hernández-Verdugo Jesús Enrique Retes-Manjarrez Angel Valdez-Ortiz Antonio Pacheco-Olvera Tomás Osuna-Enciso Flor Porras 《Phyton》2021,90(1):259-275
The phenotypic variation and its distribution among species, morphotypes, and among and within populations was estimated in 71 populations pertaining to 15 morphotypes of three domesticated species of Capsicum from Mexico. Collections were made in the states of Sinaloa, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Yucatán in two agroecosystems: Backyard-garden and monoculture. Fifteen phenotypic characteristics were analyzed through one-way variance analysis and multivariate analyses of principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering using Ward’s method. The study was performed in a uniform greenhouse experiment. A high variation was found among and within populations in all the measured characteristics. Of the total variation, 13.0% was distributed among species, 27.9% among morphotypes, 8.1% among populations, and 51.0% within populations. Because plants grew in a uniform environment, these results indicate that the differences observed among and within species, morphotypes, and populations have a genetic basis. Univariate and multivariate analyses clearly differentiated morphotypes, suggesting that the category of morphotypes must be used to nominate the infraspecific variation in the domesticated Capsicum. The principal components analysis identified a total of 15 principal components that contributed to explain the total variation. The first two components explained 59.64% of the total variation and seven components explained more than 90% of the total variation. Among the measured characteristics, number of seed per fruit, weight of the fruit, width of the fruit, length of the fruit, stem diameter, days to flowering, and height of the plant contributed to component 1 variation, whereas width of the leaf, length of the leaf, and number of locules, number of fruits and number of seeds per plant contributed to component 2. The hierarchical clustering separated the populations and the morphotypes in two large different groups. One group consisted of populations collected in monoculture conditions and the other group corresponded to population collected from backyard-garden conditions. The monoculture populations were characterized mainly by their longer, wider, and higher weight fruits, plants were of less height, had smaller stem diameters, and lower number of fruits than the populations collected from the backyard-garden conditions. The backyard-garden populations of the Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens species, considered wild or semi-domesticated, constituted a non-differentiated phenotypic group that does not allow dividing them in different species. 相似文献
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Ejaz Ahmad Waraich Zeeshan Ahmed Zahoor Ahmad Rashid Ahmad Murat Erman Fatih Cig Ayman El Sabagh 《Phyton》2020,89(3):587-597
Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is famous for its oil quality and uniquefatty acid pattern. Growth and yield of crops reduced under water deficit conditions. Environmental threat such as drought or water deficit condition is the emerging problem which creates the negative impact on the growth of plants. Basedupon the current situation a pot study was performed in rain out-shelter to explorethe effect of different plant densities (15, 10 and 5 plants per pot) on growth andseed yield of two camelina genotypes under normal (100% WHC) and water deficit (60% WHC) conditions by using completely randomized design with factorialarrangement having three replicates. Results indicated that individual effects ofplant densities and water deficit stress levels considerably influenced the growthand seed yield of camelina but interaction effects did not indicate any significantvariation. Maximum values of leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR)were recorded in P3 treatment (15 plants per pot). However, maximum values ofleaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR), yield and yield components were observed in the treatment P1 (5 plants per pot). Water deficit condition(60% WHC) significantly minimized the growth, seed yield (0.82 g/m2) and yieldcomponents of camelina genotypes. Both camelina genotypes (611 and 618) didnot differ significantly under water deficit conditions. 相似文献
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Houda Bouslimi Renata Ferreira Nesrine Dridi Pedro Brito Susete Martins-Dias Isabel Caçador Noomene Sleimi 《Phyton》2021,90(1):145-158
Soil contamination by toxic trace metal elements, like barium (Ba), may stimulate various undesirable changes in the metabolic activity of plants. The plant responses are fast and with, direct or indirect, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To cope with the stress imposed by the ROS production, plants developed a dual cellular system composed of enzymatic and non-enzymatic players that convert ROS, and their by-products, into stable nontoxic molecules. To assess the Ba stress response of two Brassicaceae species (Brassica juncea, a glycophyte, and Cakile maritime, a halophyte), plants were exposure to different Ba concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 500 μM). The plants response was evaluated through their morphology and development, the determination of plant leaves antioxidant enzymatic activities and by the production of plants secondary metabolites. Results indicated that the two Brassicaceae species have the ability to survive in an environment containing Ba (even at 500 μM). The biomass production of C. maritima was slightly affected whereas an increase in biomass B. juncea was noticed. The stress imposed by Ba activated the antioxidant defense system in the two species, noticed by the changes in the leaves activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaicol peroxidase (GPX), and of the secondary metabolites, through the production of total phenols and flavonoids. The enzymatic response was not similar within the two plant species: CAT and APX seem to have a more important role against the oxidative stress in C. maritima while in B. juncea is GPX. Overall, total phenols and flavonoids production was more significant in the plants aerial part than in the roots, of the both species. Although the two Brassicaceae species response was different, in both plants catalytic and non-catalytic transformation of ROS occurs, and both were able to overcome the Ba toxicity and prevent the cell damage. 相似文献