柑桔溃疡病菌重组单链抗体的高效表达及活性检测

运用PCR方法扩增利用核糖体展示技术筛选的抗柑桔溃疡病菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri,XAC)的单链抗体(ScFv95)基因片段,将单链抗体基因重组到原核表达载体pET30a( )中,构建单链抗体高效表达载体pET30a( )-XAC-ScFv。再将pET30a( )-XAC-ScFv质粒转化进大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后诱导表达,并对表达产物进行纯化、复性及活性检测。获得了抗XAC单链抗体的高效表达蛋白,以包涵体形式存在的表达蛋白大小约32kDa。包涵体蛋白经过变性、纯化和复性后,初步获得有功能的单链抗体。同时用Biacore分析XAC-ScFv-95与XAC LPS作用,结果表明复性后的XAC-ScFv-95具有较高的亲和力,从而为柑桔溃疡病菌XAC的免疫诊断和防治研究提供了新的工具和途径。     

抗人CD28单链抗体基因的构建及在BmN细胞和家蚕中的表达

采用TP-PCR法,将抗人CD28单链抗体的重、轻链可变区基因和人工设计的昆虫杆状病毒多角体蛋白基因(ph)偏好的连接肽序列,拼接成抗人CD28单链抗体(抗CD28-ScFv)基因,并将其插入昆虫杆状病毒转移载体pBacPAK8的ph启动子,构建成重组转移载体pBacPAK8/CD28-ScFv。为便于表达产物的纯化,在CD28-ScFv的C端增加了6×Histag序列。通过脂质体介导法将重组转移载体pBacPAK8/CD28-ScFv和线性化病毒Bm-BacPAK6共转染BmN细胞,经空斑分析和蓝白斑筛选,获得重组杆状病毒Bm-BacPAK6 CD28-ScFv。将重组病毒Bm-BacPAK6 CD28-ScFv感染BmN细胞和5龄家蚕,SDS-PAGE和Western Blotting分析表明,在分子量约为28kD处有一表达带。BmN细胞的表达始于24h,表达峰在72h,96h时表达量开始下降,而5龄家蚕的表达始于48h,表达峰在120h。结果证明,抗人CD28单链抗体基因在BmN细胞和家蚕中得到了特异性表达。上述研究成果为抗人CD28基因工程抗体的研制奠定了基础。     

抗金黄色葡萄球菌单链抗体(scFv)的原核表达及蛋白纯化

旨在将来源于鸡的金黄色葡萄球菌单链抗体(scFv)进行原核诱导表达,获得有抗体活性的目的蛋白。构建含有目的抗体基因的重组质粒,将此质粒进行原核诱导表达并鉴定所获得蛋白的生物活性。结果显示,(1)成功构建了含有金黄色葡萄球菌单链抗体(scFv)的重组质粒p Cold I-scFv,质粒成功转化到大肠杆菌表达菌株中;(2)经过诱导表达后,目的蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在于沉淀中;(3)使用4 mol/L尿素成功地将包涵体变性溶出;(4)通过柱层析法及透析法获得了纯化及复性效果较好的目的蛋白;(5)间接ELISA鉴定证实所获蛋白具有金黄色葡糖球菌抗体活性。通过质粒构建及原核诱导表达、包涵体溶出和复性等步骤,最终获得了有金黄色葡萄球菌抗体活性的目的蛋白。     

幽门螺杆菌多价表位疫苗CWAE的表达及其免疫学性质的研究 *

目的 利用生物信息学软件评价幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)多价表位疫苗CWAE的抗原结构,经原核表达获得高纯度CWAE蛋白,进而鉴定多价表位疫苗CWAE的免疫学性质。方法 通过生物信息学软件分析H. pylori多价表位疫苗CWAE的抗原结构;用人工合成的H. pylori多价表位肽融合基因WAE替换重组质粒pET28a-CUE中的UE基因,构建重组质粒pET28a-CWAE。然后,将pET28a-CWAE转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达,并通过Ni-NTP镍离子亲和层析纯化抗原蛋白CWAE;利用GM1-ELISA鉴定CWAE中CTB组分的黏膜免疫佐剂活性。最后,通过ELISA和小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖实验检测CWAE激发BALB/c小鼠产生抗H. pylori抗体体液免疫和淋巴细胞免疫应答的能力。结果 通过生物信息学软件证实H. pylori多价表位疫苗CWAE具有科学合理的结构;重组表达质粒pET28a-CWAE经PCR、双酶切和基因测序鉴定,融合基因CWAE与设计序列完全一致;重组基因工程菌株pET28a-CWAE/BL21(DE3)经IPTG诱导表达,抗原蛋白CWAE主要以包涵体形式存在,经Ni-NTP镍离子亲和层析纯化,纯度约达93.2%;GM1-ELISA实验证实,CWAE中CTB组分依旧保持有较好的黏膜佐剂活性;ELISA结果证实CWAE能够激发BALB/c小鼠产生H. pylori特异性抗体,而小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖实验进一步证实CWAE能够激发针对H. pylori多种致病因子的淋巴细胞免疫反应。结论 H. pylori多价表位疫苗CWAE具有科学合理的抗原结构,经原核表达可获得高纯度抗原蛋白,能够激发BALB/c小鼠产生H. pylori特异性抗体体液免疫和淋巴细胞免疫应答。为研发防治H. pylori感染的多价表位疫苗奠定实验基础。     

基于狂犬病病毒G蛋白scFv介导的靶向shRNA制备与鉴定

【目的】探讨以狂犬病病毒G糖蛋白单链抗体介导的载体表达shRNA靶向制剂,靶向抑制狂犬病毒复制的可行性。【方法】应用PCR技术获得狂犬病毒G糖蛋白单链抗体scFv(G)和绿脓杆菌跨膜区-酵母DNA结合结构域ETA-GAL4基因,通过搭桥PCR法获得scFv(G)-ETA-GAL4(SEG)嵌合基因;克隆至原核表达载体pET28a(+),构建重组表达质粒pET28a(+)-scFv(G)-ETA-GAL4(pET28a-SEG);在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经IPTG诱导表达,利用镍柱亲和层析法纯化包涵体,经复性、鉴定制得SEG蛋白;ELISA法检测表达蛋白与狂犬病毒特异结合活性;将SEG蛋白与含shRNA的质粒(pRNATU6.3-shRNA)连接制成靶向shRNA,接入100 TCID50狂犬病毒感染BHK-21细胞,35 h观察细胞中绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达情况;48 h用直接免疫荧光抗体试验测定复合物抑制病毒效果。【结果】克隆得到1557 bp的SEG蛋白编码基因,大肠杆菌中成功表达57 KDa的SEG蛋白,能与抗His的单克隆抗体发生特异性反应,SEG蛋白经镍柱纯化、复性后得率为2.8 mg/mL。ELISA试验证明SEG蛋白在一定浓度范围内与RV结合呈正相关。细胞试验表明GFP在细胞内得到表达;直接免疫荧光试验测定该复合物能抑制76%病毒复制。【结论】SEG蛋白能与携带shRNA的质粒结合,可运送该质粒至RV感染BHK-21细胞中,抑制狂犬病毒的复制。     

鸭坦布苏病毒E蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

目的用RT-PCR技术扩增鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)AH-F10株E基因,并克隆至pET32a(+)载体,构建重组表达质粒pET32a-E,表达E蛋白。方法重组表达质粒转化感受态细胞BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导后,获得含6个His标签的融合蛋白,大小约54kDa。表达的蛋白以包涵体形式存在。对目的蛋白进行纯化,用纯化的E蛋白免疫Balb/c小鼠,制备多克隆抗体血清。结果SDS-PAGE和Western blot试验结果表明E基因在大肠埃希菌中成功表达,并能与抗DTMUV多克隆抗体产生特异性反应,具有良好的反应原性。间接免疫荧光试验表明免疫小鼠后获得的多克隆抗体能与DTMUV反应。结论本研究为DTMUV新型疫苗和诊断试剂盒的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

沙门菌毒力基因spvB的原核表达及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的:构建沙门菌毒力基因spvB的原核表达载体,诱导表达纯化SpvB蛋白并以其为抗原免疫小鼠,制备多克隆抗体。方法:利用生物信息学软件对SpvB进行分析,选取抗原性较高、易表达的氨基酸序列作为克隆序列,以携带spvB基因的鼠伤寒沙门菌为模板,PCR扩增目的片段后与原核表达载体pET28a(+)连接;将质粒pET28a-SpvB转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)后诱导表达并纯化。目的蛋白免疫小鼠,制备抗SpvB多克隆抗体,Western blot检测抗体特异性。结果:成功构建spvB原核表达载体,经IPTG诱导结果显示,重组蛋白表达且主要存在于包涵体中,将纯化后的蛋白免疫小鼠Western blot检测血清中抗体与SpvB特异性结合。结论:获得具有免疫原性的SpvB蛋白及其多克隆抗体,为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定基础。     

人源抗转铁蛋白受体单链抗体的筛选及其构建与表达

目的:在人源单链抗体库中筛选抗人转铁蛋白受体(TfR)单链抗体(scFv)。方法:人源展示型抗体库质粒转染293T细胞,通过第一轮流式细胞分选得到比例为0.2%的阳性细胞,提取质粒并扩增,得到的质粒转染293T细胞作为下一轮筛选所需抗体库;第二轮分选时降低抗原浓度,最后得到2个候选的scFv序列。经序列分析,选择1号单链抗体基因,利用基因工程技术构建分泌型表达质粒,转染293E细胞并通过镍亲和层析纯化获得单链抗体蛋白,经Forte Bio Octet进一步测定单链抗体蛋白的亲和力。结果:经过2轮筛选获得了全新的抗TfR单链抗体序列,构建并表达了该单链抗体蛋白,该单链抗体与TfR的亲和力常数为5.57×10-7。结论:从展示型人源scFv抗体库中获得了全新的抗TfR单链抗体,该单链抗体与TfR具有较好的亲和力。     

重组人IL-4大肠杆菌表达与纯化

根据大肠杆菌密码子偏爱性优化并合成人白细胞介素4基因,以pET30a( )为载体构建了重组表达质粒pET30a( )/rhIL-4,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,诱导表达并超声破菌检测重组蛋白的表达形式。采用5L发酵罐培养工程菌,发酵液OD600为0.6时诱导3.5h收集菌体,检测目的蛋白的表达量。收集的菌体经压榨破菌获得包涵体,通过包涵体变性、层析、透析复性等方法对rhIL-4进行纯化。采用人红细胞白血病细胞(TF-1)测定纯化的rhIL-4的生物活性。测序表明目的基因已插入载体pET30a( )中,重组蛋白以包涵体形式表达,单位体积重组蛋白的表达量达200mg/L发酵液,建立了对包涵体形式表达的rhIL-4纯化方法,最终得率为40mg/L发酵液,纯度大于98%,回收率为20%以上。免疫印迹法检测诱导表达的重组蛋白和纯化的蛋白为IL-4,N端氨基酸序列测定结果与理论相符,生物活性检测纯化的蛋白比活性达2.5×106AU/mg。这为rhIL-4进一步产业化研究建立了基础。     

番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)果胶酸裂解酶P56在大肠杆菌中的重组表达

果胶酸裂解酶P56在番茄花粉管伸长过程中起着重要的作用,为了制备番茄P56蛋白的抗体,进行番茄花粉管萌发过程中P56蛋白的免疫组织化学研究,对P56基因在大肠杆菌系统的重组表达进行了研究。先采用Overlap-PCR的方法,从番茄基因组DNA中克隆了成熟P56蛋白的cDNA序列(LAT56),再构建重组表达质粒pET28a(+)-LAT56,转化大肠杆菌BL21-CodenPlus(DE3)-RIL,得到了重组表达工程菌pET-28a(+)-LAT56-BL21-Co-denPlus(DE3)-RIL。在0.5 mmol/L IPTG、15℃和180 r/min条件下,经过60 h的诱导培养,重组蛋白表达量为细胞总蛋白的30%左右,主要以包涵体形式存在,重组蛋白经Ni²⁺-nitrilotriacetate-agrose亲和柱层析,得到了SDS-PAGE显示为单一蛋白带的纯化蛋白。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒非结构蛋白VP5的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

利用PCR技术,从传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）Gx,Gt毒株中分别扩增出VP5基因,将其克隆到表达载体pET30a、pET28a中。经PCR、酶切和序列分析鉴定获得重组质粒命名为pET28a-GtVP5、pET30a-GxVP5。将pET30a-GxVP5、pET28a-GtVP5分别转化宿主菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下均成功表达约24 kDa的Gx-VP5及23kDa的Gt-VP5融合蛋白,并都以包涵体形式存在。将Gx-VP5纯化后的蛋白免疫8周龄BALB/c雌鼠,ELISA分析表明制备的抗血清效价在1:25600以上,Western blot分析VP5表达产物能与抗6×His mAb及抗IBDV多克隆抗血清发生反应,具有良好的免疫反应特异性。     

Single-chain antibody against human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase: Construction, expression, purification, and activity assay

An active form of single-chain antibody (ScFv) from murine monoclonal antibody 4A7, which is specific for lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), was produced in Escherichia coli. The complementary DNA fragments encoding the variable regions of heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL), which amplified from hybridoma 4A7 producing a monoclonal antibody (IgG1) against L-PGDS, were connected by a (Gly4Ser)3 linker using an assembly polymerase chain reaction. The resultant ScFv were cloned into the vector pGEM and expressed in E. coli as inclusion bodies. The expressed ScFv fusion proteins were purified by Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid chromatography. The purity and activity of purified ScFv were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and ELISA. The result revealed that 4A7 ScFv conserved the same characteristics of specific recognition and binding to sperm as the parental 4A7 monoclonal antibody.     

Post-translational modification(s) and cell distribution of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces aureofaciens</Emphasis> translation elongation factor Tu overproduced in<Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis>

We cloned EF-Tu from Streptomyces aureofaciens on a pET plasmid and overproduced it using the T7 RNA polymerase system in Escherichia coli. Streptomyces EF-Tu represented more than 40% of the total cell protein and was stored mostly in inclusion bodies formed apically at both ends of E. coli cells. Analysis of the inclusion bodies by transmission and scanning electron microscopy did not reveal any internal or surface ultrastructures. We developed the method for purification of S. aureofaciens EF-Tu from isolated inclusion bodies based on the ability of the protein to aggregate spontaneously. EF-Tu present in inclusion bodies was not active in GDP binding. Purified protein showed a similar charge heterogeneity as EF-Tu isolated from the mycelium of S. aureofaciens and all of the isoforms reacted with EF-Tu antibodies. All isoforms also reacted with monoclonal antibodies against O-phosphoserine and O-phosphothreonine.     

A method for increasing the yield of properly folded recombinant fusion proteins: single-chain immunotoxins from renaturation of bacterial inclusion bodies.

Many proteins produced in Escherichia coli accumulate in inclusion bodies. We have systematically evaluated the parameters that affect the refolding and renaturation of enzymatically active molecules from bacterial inclusion bodies containing a recombinant single-chain immunotoxin, B3(Fv)-PE38KDEL. This recombinant molecule is composed of the variable domains of monoclonal antibody B3 (B3(Fv)) fused to a truncated mutant form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38KDEL). This immunotoxin kills carcinoma cells in vitro, causes tumor regression in animal tumor models, and is being developed as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent (Brinkmann et al., 1991, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 8616-8620). Like many other recombinant proteins, B3(Fv)-PE38KDEL is produced in E. coli in inclusion bodies and must be denatured and refolded to become active. This requires correct folding, formation of native disulfide bonds, and the association of different domains. All these steps are strongly dependent on the renaturation conditions used. Optimum conditions of refolding were obtained by the addition of reduced and oxidized thiol reagents to promote disulfide bond formation and the addition of a labilizing agent such as L-arginine. Furthermore, the necessity to reactivate proteins at low protein concentrations due to its tendency to aggregate at high concentrations was overcome by a step-by-step addition of denatured and reduced protein into the refolding solution. This approach should be useful for the production of active forms of other recombinant proteins.     

Development and characterization of a novel fusion protein composed of a human IgG1 heavy chain constant region and a single-chain fragment variable antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

Murine monoclonal antibody 1A4A1 has been shown to recognize a conserved neutralizing epitope of envelope glycoprotein E2 of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. It is a potential candidate for development of a second generation antibody for both immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy. In order to minimize the immunogenicity of murine antibodies and to confer human immune effector functions on murine antibodies, a recombinant gene fusion was constructed. It encoded a human IgG1 heavy chain constant region and a single-chain fragment variable antibody of 1A4A1. After expression in bacteria as inclusion bodies, the recombinant antibody was purified and refolded in vitro. The recombinant soluble antibody was demonstrated to retain high antigen-binding affinity to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and to possess some human IgG crystallizable fragment domain functions, such as recognition by protein G and human complement C1q binding. On non-reducing and reducing gel electrophoresis analysis of proteolytic fragments of the recombinant antibody, disulfide bond formation was found in the hinge region of the antibody. From these data, it was concluded that the recombinant antibody was capable of antigen recognition, and retained several functional activities. This work forms the basis for characterization of the recombinant antibody as to efficacy in vivo.     

黑莓果实UGT78H2重组蛋白诱导的响应面优化与蛋白纯化

UGT78H2是从黑莓果实中新发现的一个植物糖基转移酶家族成员,获得重组蛋白是后续深入研究该基因功能的基础。本研究通过构建原核表达载体,并应用响应面分析方法对重组蛋白的诱导条件(如诱导温度、IPTG浓度、菌液浓度和诱导时间）进行了优化,结果表明：（1）构建了pET32a-UGT78H2原核表达载体,并成功导入到BL21（DE3）pLysS细菌中;（2）经响应面优化,在29.5℃培养工程菌至菌液OD₆₀₀=0.51,加入终浓度为0.4 mmol·L^-1的IPTG诱导7.4 h,可获得最大量重组蛋白166.4 μg·mL^-1（占总蛋白41.6%）;（3）诱导时间和培养温度极显著地影响重组蛋白表达量,诱导剂IPTG和诱导前菌液浓度之间的交互效应显著影响重组蛋白的表达;（4）获得的带S-tag和His-tag的UGT78H2重组蛋白分子量为67.9 kDa,主要以包涵体形式存在,通过Ni-NTA柱纯化,成功获得了重组蛋白。以上结果为进一步采用酶学方法进行UGT78H2蛋白功能鉴定提供了基础资料。     

B3(ds-scFv)靶向超抗原的制备及活性鉴定

To construct the expression vector of a recombinant toxin composed of a disulfide stable single-chain antibody from mAbB3 and SEA(D227A),the binding ability and cytotoxicity of the purified renatured products against the B3 positive carcinoma cells was examined. The VH and VL fragments of the mAbB3 were ligated by overlap PCR, the PCR product was cloned to the pET22b expression vector, then the SEA fragment was inserted into the B3dsscFv-pET22b expression vector which was digested by the same restriction enzymes. The expression plasmid was identified by restriction endonucleases digestion and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) followed by IPTG induction. The inclusion body was purified through SP-Sepharose cation exchange column after denaturing and refolding and the binding and cytotoxic ability of the purified products was examined by cell-ELISA and non-radioactive cell proliferation assay seperately. The expression vector B3dsscFv-SEA-pET was constructed successfully and the expression product exists mainly in the inclusion body, amounting to 33% of the total protein. The refolding product remains the binding ability of the single-chain antibody and has cytotoxic effect on HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. The stability assay showed that the resulting protein was stable at 37℃. This genetically engineered B3dsscFv-SEA fusion protein has bifunction of tumor targeting and tumor cell killing and promises to be an effective reagent for tumor targeted immunotherapy.     

Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV)-specific antibodies confer GFLV and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana

Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is one of the most destructive pathogens of grapevine. In this study, we generated monoclonal antibodies binding specifically to the coat protein of GFLV. Antibody FL₃, which bound most strongly to GFLV and showed cross-reactivity to Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), was used to construct the single-chain antibody fragment scFvGFLVcp-55. To evaluate the potential of this single-chain variable fragment (scFv) to confer antibody-mediated virus resistance, transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants were generated in which the scFv accumulated in the cytosol. Recombinant protein levels of up to 0.1% total soluble protein were achieved. The T₁ and T₂ progenies conferred partial or complete protection against GFLV on challenge with the viral pathogen. The resistance to GFLV in transgenic plants was strictly related to scFvGFLVcp-55 accumulation levels, confirming that the antibody fragment was functional in planta and responsible for the GFLV resistance. In addition, transgenic plants conferring complete protection to GFLV showed substantially enhanced tolerance to ArMV. We demonstrate the first step towards the control of grapevine fanleaf degeneration, as scFvGFLVcp-55 could be an ideal candidate for mediating nepovirus resistance.     

An Inhibitory Antibody Blocks the First Step in the Dithiol/Disulfide Relay Mechanism of the Enzyme QSOX1

Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is a catalyst of disulfide bond formation that undergoes regulated secretion from fibroblasts and is over-produced in adenocarcinomas and other cancers. We have recently shown that QSOX1 is required for incorporation of particular laminin isoforms into the extracellular matrix (ECM) of cultured fibroblasts and, as a consequence, for tumor cell adhesion to and penetration of the ECM. The known role of laminins in integrin-mediated cell survival and motility suggests that controlling QSOX1 activity may provide a novel means of combating metastatic disease. With this motivation, we developed a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the activity of human QSOX1. Here, we present the biochemical and structural characterization of this antibody and demonstrate that it is a tight-binding inhibitor that blocks one of the redox-active sites in the enzyme, but not the site at which de novo disulfides are generated catalytically. Sulfhydryl oxidase activity is thus prevented without direct binding of the sulfhydryl oxidase domain, confirming the model for the interdomain QSOX1 electron transfer mechanism originally surmised based on mutagenesis and protein dissection. In addition, we developed a single-chain variant of the antibody and show that it is a potent QSOX1 inhibitor. The QSOX1 inhibitory antibody will be a valuable tool in studying the role of ECM composition and architecture in cell migration, and the recombinant version may be further developed for potential therapeutic applications based on manipulation of the tumor microenvironment.