油菜素甾醇调控水稻盐胁迫应答的作用研究

油菜素甾醇(BR)作为植物内源激素, 广泛参与植物的生长发育过程及逆境应答。虽然BR调控生长发育的分子机制目前已相对清楚, 但在水稻(Oryza sativa)中, BR在逆境反应中的功能还鲜有报道。该研究系统分析了BR在高盐胁迫过程中的作用, 表明盐胁迫和逆境激素脱落酸可抑制BR合成基因D2和D11的表达, 典型的BR缺陷突变体(如d2-2和d61-1)则表现出对盐胁迫敏感性增强。此外, 通过对BR核心转录因子OsBZR1的过表达株系进行分析, 发现BR可显著诱导OsBZR1的去磷酸化, 盐胁迫对OsBZR1蛋白的积累水平和磷酸化状态均有调控作用。转录组数据分析表明, BR处理前后差异表达基因中有38.4%同时受到盐胁迫调控, 其中91.5%受到BR和高盐一致调控, 并显著富集在应激反应过程中。研究结果表明, BR正调控水稻的耐盐性, 而盐胁迫通过抑制BR合成来限制水稻的生长。     

Abscisic acid-dependent PMT1 expression regulates salt tolerance by alleviating abscisic acid-mediated reactive oxygen species production in Arabidopsis

Phosphocholine(PCho) is an intermediate metabolite of nonplastid plant membranes that is essential for salt tolerance. However, how PCho metabolism modulates response to salt stress remains unknown. Here, we characterize the role of phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase 1(PMT1) in salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana using a T-DNA insertional mutant, geneediting alleles, and complemented lines. The pmt1 mutants showed a severe inhibition of root elongation when exposed to salt stress,...     

小麦TaLCD基因的克隆及其对渗透胁迫的调节作用

半胱氨酸脱巯基酶(CDes)可催化降解半胱氨酸(Cys)生成硫化氢(H₂S)。通过克隆小麦(Triticum aestivum)中的L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶基因TaLCD, 并将其在拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中过表达, 探讨TaLCD对渗透胁迫条件下种子萌发和根系生长的影响, 并分析其对干旱胁迫的调节作用。结果显示, 盐胁迫条件下, TaLCD过表达植株种子萌发率显著高于野生型; 甘露醇处理条件下, TaLCD过表达植株的根长也显著高于野生型, 且TaLCD过表达显著提高植株抗旱性。此外, TaLCD过表达植株对ABA更加敏感, ABA处理下TaLCD过表达植株的种子萌发率及根长均显著低于野生型。干旱胁迫下, TaLCD过表达植株胁迫响应基因(COR47、RD29A、RAB18和RD22)及ABA信号途径相关基因(NCED3、HAB1、HAB2、ABI1、ABI2和ABF2)的表达水平均显著高于野生型。因此推测, TaLCD增强植株抗旱和抗盐能力可能依赖于ABA信号途径。     

外源褪黑素与钙离子互作对高温胁迫下黄瓜幼苗过氧化伤害的缓解效应

为了探明褪黑素(MT)和钙离子(Ca²⁺)在调控植物耐热性中是否存在互作关系,以黄瓜幼苗为试材,分析了内源MT和Ca²⁺对高温胁迫的响应;并通过叶面喷施100 μmol·L^-1 MT、10 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂、3 mmol·L^-1乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸(EGTA,Ca²⁺螯合剂)+100 μmol·L^-1 MT、0.05 mmol·L^-1氯丙嗪(钙调素拮抗剂,CPZ)+100 μmol·L^-1 MT、100 μmol·L^-1氯苯丙氨酸(p-CPA,MT合成抑制剂)+10 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂和去离子水(H₂O),研究高温下(42/32 ℃)外源MT和Ca²⁺对黄瓜幼苗活性氧积累、抗氧化系统及热激转录因子(HSF)和热激蛋白(HSPs)等的影响。结果表明: 黄瓜幼苗内源MT和Ca²⁺均受高温胁迫诱导;外源MT可上调常温下钙调素蛋白(CaM)、钙依赖蛋白激酶(CDPK5)、钙调磷酸酶B类蛋白(CBL3)、CBL结合蛋白激酶(CIPK2)mRNA表达;CaCl₂处理的MT合成关键基因色氨酸脱羧酶(TDC)、5-羟色胺-N-乙酰转移酶(SNAT)和N-乙酰-5-羟色胺甲基转移酶(ASMT)水平也显著升高,MT含量快速增加。MT和CaCl₂可显著增强高温下黄瓜的抗氧化能力,减少活性氧(ROS)积累,同时上调HSF7、HSP70.1和HSP70.11 mRNA表达,从而减轻高温胁迫引起的过氧化伤害,植株热害症状明显减轻,热害指数和电解质渗漏率显著降低。加入EGTA和CPZ后,MT对黄瓜幼苗抗氧化能力和热激蛋白表达的促进效应明显减弱,Ca²⁺对高温下黄瓜幼苗过氧化伤害的缓解效应也被p-CPA逆转。可见,MT和Ca²⁺均可诱导黄瓜幼苗的耐热性,二者在热胁迫信号转导过程中存在互作关系。     

Brassinosteroid signaling positively regulates abscisic acid biosynthesis in response to chilling stress in tomato

Brassinosteroids (BRs) and abscisic acid (ABA) are essential regulators of plant growth and stress tolerance. Although the antagonistic interaction of BRs and ABA is proposed to ensure the balance between growth and defense in model plants, the crosstalk between BRs and ABA in response to chilling in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a warm-climate horticultural crop, is unclear. Here, we determined that overexpression of the BR biosynthesis gene DWARF (DWF) or the key BR signaling gene BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) increases ABA levels in response to chilling stress via positively regulating the expression of the ABA biosynthesis gene 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE1 (NCED1). BR-induced chilling tolerance was mostly dependent on ABA biosynthesis. Chilling stress or high BR levels decreased the abundance of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2), a negative regulator of BR signaling. Moreover, we observed that chilling stress increases BR levels and results in the accumulation of BZR1. BIN2 negatively regulated both the accumulation of BZR1 protein and chilling tolerance by suppressing ABA biosynthesis. Our results demonstrate that BR signaling positively regulates chilling tolerance via ABA biosynthesis in tomato. The study has implications in production of warm-climate crops in horticulture.     

The chromatin remodeler BRAHMA recruits HISTONE DEACETYLASE6 to regulate root growth inhibition in response to phosphate starvation in Arabidopsis

Plasticity in root system architecture(RSA) allows plants to adapt to changing nutritional status in the soil.Phosphorus availability is a major determinant of crop yield,and RSA remodeling is critical to increasing the efficiency of phosphorus acquisition.Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the signaling mechanism driving phosphate starvation responses in plants,whether and how epigenetic regulatory mechanisms contribute is poorly understood.Here,we report that the Swit...     

The Arabidopsis phosphatase PP2C49 negatively regulates salt tolerance through inhibition of AtHKT1;1

Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are the largest protein phosphatase family. PP2Cs dephosphorylate substrates for signaling in Arabidopsis, but the functions of most PP2Cs remain unknown. Here, we characterized PP2C49 (AT3G62260, a Group G PP2C), which regulates Na⁺ distribution under salt stress and is localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. PP2C49 was highly expressed in root vascular tissues and its disruption enhanced plant tolerance to salt stress. Compared with wild type, the pp2c49 mutant contained more Na⁺ in roots but less Na⁺ in shoots and xylem sap, suggesting that PP2C49 regulates shoot Na⁺ extrusion. Reciprocal grafting revealed a root‐based mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of pp2c49. Systemic Na⁺ distribution largely depends on AtHKT1;1 and loss of function of AtHKT1;1 in the pp2c49 background overrode the salt tolerance of pp2c49, resulting in salt sensitivity. Furthermore, compared with plants overexpressing PP2C49 in the wild‐type background, plants overexpressing PP2C49 in the athtk1;1 mutant background were sensitive to salt, like the athtk1;1 mutants. Moreover, protein–protein interaction and two‐voltage clamping assays demonstrated that PP2C49 physically interacts with AtHKT1;1 and inhibits the Na⁺ permeability of AtHKT1;1. This study reveals that PP2C49 negatively regulates AtHKT1;1 activity and thus determines systemic Na⁺ allocation during salt stress.     

辣椒锌指蛋白DnaJ-Like基因家族鉴定及对高温胁迫的表达响应

植物DnaJ-Like锌指蛋白（DNAJE）是近年来发现的一类具有重要功能的蛋白,在光合作用、质体发育与运动和植物抗逆及防御反应中发挥重要作用。基于辣椒全基因组数据,对辣椒DNAJE基因家族（CaDNAJE）进行鉴定,利用生物信息学方法对基因和蛋白特征、比较进化、共线性关系及高温胁迫下基因表达模式等进行分析。结果表明,CaDNAJE基因家族有28个成员,不均匀的分布在10条染色体和3个Scaffold上,氨基酸序列长度为99-470 aa,分子量为10.05-52.26 kD,理论等电点（pI）为4.75-9.64,其编码蛋白主要定位在叶绿体和细胞核中;辣椒、番茄和拟南芥的比较进化分析可将其分为GroupⅠ 和GroupⅡ 2个亚族,同一亚族具有类似的蛋白保守motif和基因结构;CaDNAJE基因启动子区包含大量光响应、激素响应和胁迫应答元件;辣椒与拟南芥DNAJE之间存在10对共线性基因,辣椒种内仅有1对;辣椒不同组织转录组分析发现,GroupⅠ 中多数成员在各组织中均有高表达,而GroupⅡ 中除CaDNAJE2、CaDNAJE9等基因存在高表达外,多数基因表达量都很低甚至不表达;高温胁迫下,辣椒叶片过氧化氢含量急速上升后降低,丙二醛含量持续升高,抗氧化物酶活性也有不同程度的提高。同时,高温诱导热激转录因子Hsf和热激蛋白HSP耐热相关基因及CaDNAJE基因高表达,在不同胁迫时期发挥调控作用。推测CaDNAJE基因家族可能参与辣椒响应高温胁迫,提高其耐受力,以降低细胞损伤。     

The calcium‐dependent protein kinase ZmCDPK7 functions in heat‐stress tolerance in maize

Global warming poses a serious threat to crops. Calcium‐dependent protein kinases (CDPKs)/CPKs play vital roles in plant stress responses, but their exact roles in plant thermotolerance remains elusive. Here, we explored the roles of heat‐induced ZmCDPK7 in thermotolerance in maize. ZmCDPK7‐overexpressing maize plants displayed higher thermotolerance, photosynthetic rates, and antioxidant enzyme activity but lower H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents than wild‐type plants under heat stress. ZmCDPK7‐knockdown plants displayed the opposite patterns. ZmCDPK7 is attached to the plasma membrane but can translocate to the cytosol under heat stress. ZmCDPK7 interacts with the small heat shock protein sHSP17.4, phosphorylates sHSP17.4 at Ser‐44 and the respiratory burst oxidase homolog RBOHB at Ser‐99, and upregulates their expression. Site‐directed mutagenesis of sHSP17.4 to generate a Ser‐44‐Ala substitution reduced ZmCDPK7's enhancement of catalase activity but enhanced ZmCDPK7's suppression of MDA accumulation in heat‐stressed maize protoplasts. sHSP17.4, ZmCDPK7, and RBOHB were less strongly upregulated in response to heat stress in the abscisic acid‐deficient mutant vp5 versus the wild type. Pretreatment with an RBOH inhibitor suppressed sHSP17.4 and ZmCDPK7 expression. Therefore, abscisic acid‐induced ZmCDPK7 functions both upstream and downstream of RBOH and participates in thermotolerance in maize by mediating the phosphorylation of sHSP17.4, which might be essential for its chaperone function.     

大麦NF-YC基因鉴定及在盐胁迫下的表达分析

核因子Y (NF-Y)是由NF-YA、NF-YB和NF-YC三个亚基组成的一类真核细胞转录因子,主要参与植物生长发育调控和非生物胁迫信号传递。该研究利用生物信息学方法解析了大麦(Hordeum vulgare) NF-YC基因家族功能。首先,基于大麦基因组数据库鉴定出11个HvNF-YC成员,分布在除第2号染色体以外的其余6条染色体上,内含子0–5个。系统进化分析显示,大麦、拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)和水稻(Oryza sativa) NF-YC基因家族成员可分为5个亚家族。基因复制分析显示, 6个HvNF-YC基因存在片段复制,3个HvNF-YC基因存在串联复制。启动子顺式作用元件分析显示,大多数HvNF-YC基因启动子含有与非生物胁迫及激素响应相关的顺式作用元件。对HvNF-YC家族成员在不同组织不同时期的表达模式分析表明,不同成员的时空表达存在明显差异,其中HvNF-YC9和HvNF-YC11可能在籽粒发育初期发挥重要作用。通过分析耐盐型和盐敏感型大麦品种根和叶中HvNF-YC表达量变化,发现HvNF-YC3、HvNF-YC6和HvNF-YC10主要在盐胁...     

马铃薯StNPR4基因的克隆与功能分析

为探究StNPR4基因在马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）中应对生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的功能,本研究通过克隆StNPR4的CDS序列和启动子序列,进行生物信息学分析;利用qRT-PCR进行组织表达特异性分析;同时构建了由其自身启动子驱动的StNPR4双元表达载体,转化马铃薯获得了转基因马铃薯,研究转基因马铃薯对水杨酸、致病疫霉和高盐胁迫的响应。结果显示：StNPR4具有典型的NPR1家族的功能结构域,启动子上具有响应于生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的顺式作用元件。StNPR4在叶中的表达量最高;StNPR4受SA诱导表达,且在转基因植株中的诱导表达程度高于对照;转基因马铃薯增强了对致病疫霉的抗性,在高盐胁迫下生根率更高。说明StNPR4不仅在马铃薯生物胁迫中发挥重要作用,而且在非生物胁迫中也扮演着重要角色。     

玉米逆境响应相关转录因子ZmC2H2-1基因克隆及功能验证

玉米是我国第一大作物,提高玉米的抗逆性是玉米育种的重要目标性状之一。植物C2H2型锌指蛋白广泛参与植物各个时期的生长发育及逆境应答过程。本研究从玉米中分离了转录因子ZmC2H2-1基因并对其功能进行了初步研究。结果表明,ZmC2H2-1属于C2H2锌指蛋白转录因子家族,编码蛋白主要位于细胞核中,酵母自激活实验表明ZmC2H2-1不具有自激活活性;干旱、盐和ABA等逆境可抑制ZmC2H2-1基因在玉米中的表达;过表达ZmC2H2-1基因的拟南芥叶片失水速率更快,在PEG、高盐和ABA处理条件下,与对照相比转ZmC2H2-1基因拟南芥耐逆性降低,以上结果说明ZmC2H2-1基因是作为玉米抗逆的负调控因子参与了逆境胁迫应答。本研究为深入解析玉米ZmC2H2-1的调控网络和玉米的抗逆调控机制奠定了基础。     

光信号转导因子HY5调控拟南芥分枝的功能研究

光是影响植物分枝的重要外在环境因素,但光信号因子HY5（ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5）是否调控植物分枝目前尚不清楚。创制了HY5转基因超表达植株,并获得商业化T-DNA插入突变体纯合植株。通过比较野生型（WT）、超表达植株（HY5-OE）、突变体（hy5-215）的分枝数目发现,与野生型相比,超表达植株分枝数目显著增加,而突变体分枝数目则显著减少。进一步比较这些遗传材料的拟南芥植株分枝的负调控关键因子BRC1（BRANCHED1）转录本水平差异,发现与野生型相比,超表达植株中BRC1转录本显著下调、突变体中显著上调。研究结果表明,HY5通过抑制拟南芥分枝关键负调控因子BRC1的转录水平,进而促进拟南芥的分枝。研究结果为阐明HY5调控分枝的生物学功能提供了一定的理论依据。