线粒体分裂蛋白FIS1通过诱导上皮间质转化促进肝癌侵袭与迁移

目的:研究线粒体分裂蛋白1(Mitochondrial fission protein 1,FIS1)介导的线粒体分裂对肝癌细胞侵袭与迁移的调控作用与机制。方法:采用免疫组化实验比较10对肝癌原发灶与转移灶组织中FIS1表达,以明确FIS1与肝癌转移的关系。通过si RNA干扰FIS1的表达后,用Transwell实验检测肝癌细胞迁移与侵袭能力的变化,q PCR与Western Blot检测上皮间质转化标志分子上皮型钙黏蛋白(epithelia cadherin,E-cadherin)、紧密连接蛋白(zonula occludens-1,ZO-1)、神经型钙黏蛋白(neural cadherin,N-cadherin)、波形蛋白Vimentin的表达。结果:肝癌转移灶组织中FIS1的表达显著高于原发灶组织。干扰FIS1表达后,肝癌细胞迁移和侵袭能力均明显下降,细胞上皮间质转化标志蛋白E-cadherin和ZO-1的表达上调,而N-cadherin和Vimentin的表达下调。结论:线粒体分裂蛋白FIS1在肝癌转移灶组织中高表达,并可能通过调节细胞上皮间质转化促进肝癌细胞转移。     

肝癌组织中线粒体DNA D-Loop区碱基变异与ROS水平

为了探讨ROS水平与突变的关系,对原发性肝癌线粒体DNA区的突变情况进行研究,同时对原发性肝癌患者组织细胞内ROS进行测定。选择20例原发性肝癌组织及其邻近的癌旁组织,用PCR方法将线粒体DNA D-Loop扩增后测序。组织内ROS的水平采用流式细胞技术测定。结果表明在20对原发性肝癌组织中存在8对mtDNA突变,突变率为40%,共发现突变位点53个,包括2个插入,11个缺失,40个点突变,其中T-C,C-T的转换占75%,4个属于微卫星结构。癌组织突变一般伴有癌旁组织突变,癌组织突变位点高于癌旁组织。发现一例标本的癌组织和癌旁组织均有大片段丢失。原发性肝癌组织内ROS水平明显高于癌旁对照( P<0.01),同时我们发现在区发生突变的患者的组织中ROS水平明显高于未发生突变的肝癌组织标本（P<0.01）,发生突变的癌旁组织内ROS水平明显高于未发生突变的癌旁组织（P<0.01）。结论 (1)线粒体DNA D-Loop区是一个高度多态性和突变性的区域,在原发性肝癌中突变率较高。(2)肝癌患者组织细胞内ROS异常,提示肝癌的线粒体DNA发生的点突变及肝癌的发生可能与ROS升高有关。     

溴化乙锭诱导无线粒体DNA宫颈癌HeLa细胞系的构建和鉴定

[目的]构建和鉴定由溴化乙锭(EB)诱导的无线粒体DNA(mtDNA)宫颈癌ρ~0HeLa细胞系,探讨mtDNA与宫颈癌发生的关系。[方法]采用含50ng/ml溴化乙锭、100μg/ml丙酮酸钠和50μg/ml尿嘧啶核苷的高糖DMEM完全培养基中传代培养HeLa细胞。低剂量EB连续诱导60d后,采用营养缺陷鉴定、PCR和WesternBlot鉴定无mtDNA的ρ~0HeLa细胞系;采用透射电子显微镜观察ρ~0HeLa细胞内线粒体形态变化;采用CCK8法测定ρ~0HeLa细胞增殖曲线。[结果]经溴化乙锭诱导60d,可以培养出具有尿嘧啶核苷依赖性的无mtDNA宫颈癌HeLa细胞系。普通PCR和qPCR结果均显示,低剂量EB诱导60d的ρ~0HeLa细胞中mtDNA完全缺失。WesternBlot结果显示,HeLa细胞中能表达核编码的NDUFA9蛋白,也能表达线粒体编码MT-ND1蛋白。而ρ~0HeLa细胞中已无MT-ND1蛋白表达,但核编码的NDUFA9蛋白能够正常表达。透射电子显微镜观察显示,ρ~0HeLa细胞内部分出现空泡改变,线粒体嵴被破坏。CCK8细胞增殖实验结果显示,ρ~0HeLa细胞系生长速度显著低于正常HeLa细胞系,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]无mtDNA的宫颈癌HeLa细胞系的建立,为后续研究mtDNA突变和线粒体功能在宫颈癌发生发展中的作用及机制奠定了基础。     

敲低额外11-19白血病融合基因蛋白通过激活线粒体通路诱导非小细胞肺癌A549细胞凋亡

目的 探讨额外11-19白血病融合基因蛋白（extra eleven-nineteen leukemia fusion gene protein, EEN）对非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）的影响及其作用机制。方法 用免疫组织化学染色检测EEN在NSCLC组织和癌旁组织的表达水平,Western blot检测EEN在正常肺上皮细胞BEAS-2B细胞和NSCLC细胞A549细胞中的水平。在A549细胞中转染sh-EEN后,使用MTT测定细胞活性,Annexin V-FITC/PI流式细胞术和TUNEL染色分析细胞凋亡,使用荧光探针DCFH-DA测量细胞内ROS生成水平,使用JC-1染色测定线粒体膜电位的变化,通过Western blot分析凋亡相关蛋白水平。结果 与癌旁组织相比,EEN在NSCLC组织中表达上调;与BEAS-2B细胞相比,EEN在A549细胞中水平明显升高。沉默A549细胞EEN后,A549细胞生长受到抑制,细胞凋亡显著增加,ROS水平升高,线粒体膜电位丢失,Cyt C释放入细胞质,同时伴随着Bcl-2降低、Bax升高和C...     

线粒体分裂抑制剂Mdivi-1改善血管紧张素Ⅱ介导的内皮功能紊乱（英文）

动力相关蛋白(dynamin-related protein 1,Drp1)与线粒体的动态变化有着密切的联系,是介导线粒体分裂的主要功能蛋白。本研究旨在探讨血管紧张素II(angiotensin II,Ang II)对血管内皮细胞线粒体融合和分裂的影响以及Drp1功能抑制剂Mdivi-1对Ang II介导的内皮损伤是否有减轻作用。Ang II或联合Drp1抑制剂Mdivi-1处理人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vascular endothelial cells,HUVECs)后,用Western blot检测Drp1、e NOS和凋亡相关酶的蛋白表达,用Mito Tracker Red染色观察细胞内线粒体形态,用JC-1探针染色检测线粒体膜电位变化,用DCFH-DA染色检测细胞活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成,用Transwell实验检测细胞迁移情况,用Annexin V/PI染色检测细胞凋亡情况。结果显示,Ang II处理12 h后,HUVECs的Drp1的表达水平显著升高,内皮细胞迁移、凋亡及ROS的生成显著增加,e NOS表达量显著降低;同时,Ang II处理还诱导了线粒体形态的改变,使网状的线粒体变成了短管状,并伴随着线粒体膜电位的下降。Mdivi-1可以显著逆转Ang II对内皮功能的上述损伤作用,提高内皮细胞线粒体膜电位及e NOS的表达量,降低细胞内ROS水平,抑制内皮细胞凋亡及迁移能力。以上结果提示,Drp1抑制剂Mdivi-1可以减轻Ang II介导的内皮损伤。     

线粒体E3泛素连接酶MARCH5表达上调促进肝癌生长

目的:膜相关锌指蛋白MARCH5(membrane-associated RING-CH 5)是定位于线粒体外膜的E3泛素连接酶,在调控线粒体分裂融合相关蛋白的表达中发挥重要作用。以往研究在多种肿瘤中证实了线粒体分裂融合的异常,但目前MARCH5在肝癌中的表达与生物学作用均不清楚。本研究旨在探讨MARCH5在肝癌组织与细胞系中的表达及其在肿瘤生长中的调控作用。方法:1).利用免疫组化实验检测62对肝癌癌与癌旁组织中MARCH5表达,以明确MARCH5在肝癌中的表达是否发生了异常改变。2).利用qRT-PCR与Western blot实验检测4株肝癌细胞(SNU-354、SNU-368、HLE与HLF)与1株正常肝细胞HL7702中MARCH5表达,进一步分析MARCH5在肝癌细胞系中的表达改变。3).下调肝癌细胞中MARCH5表达后,利用EDU实验与克隆形成实验分析对肝癌细胞增殖与克隆形成能力的影响。结果:1).MARCH5在肝癌组织中表达显著高于癌旁组织。2). MARCH5在4株肝癌细胞中的表达均显著高于正常肝细胞。3).下调MARCH5表达可显著抑制肝癌细胞的增殖与克隆形成。结论:MARCH5在肝癌中表达显著上调并通过诱导增殖与克隆形成而促进肝癌的生长。     

鲍曼不动杆菌Omp34经线粒体途径诱导HeLa细胞凋亡

[目的]构建鲍曼不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)外膜蛋白34(outer membrane protein 34,Omp34)的表达载体pcDNA3.1/myc-His-Omp34,研究Omp34引起HeLa细胞凋亡的机制。[方法]PCR扩增目的基因Omp34,将其克隆至载体pcDNA3.1/myc-His;菌液PCR和测序筛选阳性克隆;将pcDNA3.1/myc-His-Omp34转染HeLa细胞;反转录PCR和Western Blot检测Omp34在HeLa细胞中的表达;CCK8实验检测细胞增殖抑制率;JC-1探针检测线粒体跨膜电位;透射电镜观察HeLa细胞线粒体结构,Western Blot鉴定HeLa细胞线粒体凋亡相关蛋白。[结果]成功构建pcDNA3.1/myc-His-Omp34真核表达载体;并且Omp34可抑制HeLa细胞增殖,引起线粒体损伤及跨膜电位崩溃,导致促凋亡蛋白Bax和Bad表达升高,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和Bcl-XL表达降低。[结论]成功构建pcDNA3.1/mycHis-Omp34表达载体,并证明Omp34可经线粒体途径导致HeLa细胞凋亡。     

FAS/ActD通过线粒体途径引起细胞阻滞诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡

为了探讨FAS抗体与放线菌素D(actinomycin D,ActD)联合作用诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡的分子机制,通过MTT法检测细胞活力,利用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期,从而研究FAS/ActD抑制细胞增殖的作用. 结果表明,FAS/ActD能明显降低HeLa细胞的活力,并且通过G1/G0期阻滞和S期阻滞诱导HeLa细胞凋亡. 此外,Western印迹分析进一步显示,FAS/ActD还能引起Bcl-2蛋白表达降低, Bax蛋白表达增加,Bid蛋白发生断裂激活,导致细胞质中Cyto-c释放的增加,并激活在细胞凋亡的执行过程中起着关键作用的caspase 9和caspase 3. 以上结果提示,FAS抗体与ActD的联合作用可能经线粒体途径引起细胞周期阻滞,从而诱导HeLa细胞凋亡. 该研究为宫颈癌的免疫治疗提供了新的思路.     

RNA沉默手段分析烟草悬浮细胞中线粒体分裂蛋白NtFIS1A/1B功能

为了解烟草悬浮细胞中的线粒体分裂蛋白的功能,将拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的线粒体分裂复合体成员FIS1A和FIS1B在烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)表达序列数据库中进行序列比对,鉴定到烟草中的同源基因NtFIS1A 和NtFIS1B (NtFIS1A/1B).以烟草悬浮细胞为材料,通过RNA 干扰和人工microRNA 干扰技术抑制NtFIS1A/1B 的表达, RT-PCR 分析结果表明,RNA 沉默细胞系中NtFIS1A/1B 的转录受到抑制.观察RNA 沉默细胞系中的线粒体形态可见,当NtFIS1A/1B 的表达被抑制后,单个线粒体的平均面积显著增加.这些表明NtFIS1A/1B 参与了烟草悬浮细胞中线粒体分裂的调控,有助于了解烟草中线粒体的形态调控.     

线粒体形态学改变与细胞凋亡

近年来,对于线粒体形态学以及其在凋亡过程中的改变和作用的研究打破了传统的观点。正常情况下,线粒体在细胞内相互连接成管网状结构,并发生着频繁的融合与分裂。融合和分裂由一系列蛋白质介导,二者之间的动态平衡维持着线粒体的形态和功能。在细胞凋亡的早期,线粒体融合和分裂失平衡,导致线粒体管网状结构碎裂和嵴的重构,这些改变对线粒体随后的变化以及凋亡的发生具有重要的意义。融合和分裂的蛋白质不仅调控线粒体形态和细胞凋亡过程,也和某些凋亡相关疾病有关。此外,促凋亡的Bcl-2蛋白可能通过改变线粒体的构形来调控凋亡过程。     

MTFP1 overexpression promotes the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma by inducing ROS production

Mitochondrial fission process 1 (MTFP1) is a novel nuclear‐encoded protein that promotes mitochondrial fission. Increasing lines of evidence indicate that increased mitochondrial fission is involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. However, the expression and biological effects of MTFP1 in cancer development is still unclear, especially in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we first evaluated the expression of MTFP1 in 12‐paired OSCC tumor and peritumor tissues. We then explored the effects of MTFP1 knockdown or overexpression on cell growth by cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis assays. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which MTFP1 promoted OSCC cell growth were explored. Our results showed that MTFP1 is frequently overexpressed in OSCC tissues. Functional experiments revealed that MTFP1 promoted the growth of OSCC cells by inducing the progression of cell cycle and suppressing cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, MTFP1 overexpression‐mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and subsequent ROS production was found to be involved in the promotion of OSCC cell growth. Collectively, our study demonstrates that MTFP1 plays a critical oncogenic role in OSCC carcinogenesis, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of this malignance.     

Decreasing Mitochondrial Fission Prevents Cholestatic Liver Injury

Mitochondria frequently change their shape through fission and fusion in response to physiological stimuli as well as pathological insults. Disrupted mitochondrial morphology has been observed in cholestatic liver disease. However, the role of mitochondrial shape change in cholestasis is not defined. In this study, using in vitro and in vivo models of bile acid-induced liver injury, we investigated the contribution of mitochondrial morphology to the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease. We found that the toxic bile salt glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) rapidly fragmented mitochondria, both in primary mouse hepatocytes and in the bile transporter-expressing hepatic cell line McNtcp.24, leading to a significant increase in cell death. GCDC-induced mitochondrial fragmentation was associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. We found that preventing mitochondrial fragmentation in GCDC by inhibiting mitochondrial fission significantly decreased not only ROS levels but also cell death. We also induced cholestasis in mouse livers via common bile duct ligation. Using a transgenic mouse model inducibly expressing a dominant-negative fission mutant specifically in the liver, we demonstrated that decreasing mitochondrial fission substantially diminished ROS levels, liver injury, and fibrosis under cholestatic conditions. Taken together, our results provide new evidence that controlling mitochondrial fission is an effective strategy for ameliorating cholestatic liver injury.     

Emodin-Induced Necroptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells via the Mitochondrial Fission HSP90/MLKL/PGAM Pathway

Currently, prostate cancer is one of the major malignant tumors in males. Recurrence and metastasis are the main obstacles that prevent the effective treatment of prostate cancer. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate emodin (EG) against human prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cells. Our study showed that EG significantly decreased the cell viability of PC3 and DU145 cells and strikingly induced non-apoptotic cell death via necroptosis that was visualized through colony formation assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, and TEM analysis. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing and KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed that the necroptosis-related pathway was activated upon EG treatment in PC3 cells. mRNA and protein expression of necroptosis markers were analyzed by qPCR and immunoblotting, which implied that EG-induced cell necroptosis via enhancing the expression of MLKL and HSP90AA1 activating PGAM pathway which is considered as a key mediator of mitochondrial fission and leading to ROS generation in PC3 and DU145 cells. Thus, our findings suggested that EG is a new small molecule agonist that induced necroptosis in prostate cancer cells via the mitochondrial fission HSP90/MLKL/PGAM pathway.     

长非编码 RNA ILF3-AS1 通过调控 miR-130a-3p/PTEN轴抑制宫颈癌细胞的增殖

ILF3反义 RNA 1(ILF3 antisense RNA 1,ILF3-AS1)是一条定位于染色体 19p13.2的lncRNA,它是白介素增强子结合因子3(interleukin enhancer binding factor 3,ILF3)的反义 RNA.ILF3-AS1在多种肿瘤发生发展中发挥关键作用,但其...     

TRAP1 Controls Mitochondrial Fusion/Fission Balance through Drp1 and Mff Expression

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that change in response to extracellular stimuli. These changes are essential for normal mitochondrial/cellular function and are controlled by a tight balance between two antagonistic pathways that promote fusion and fission. Although some molecules have been identified to mediate the mitochondrial fusion and fission process, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) is a mitochondrial molecule that regulates a variety of mitochondrial functions. Here, we examined the role of TRAP1 in the regulation of morphology. Stable TRAP1 knockdown cells showed abnormal mitochondrial morphology, and we observed significant decreases in dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission factor (Mff), mitochondrial fission proteins. Similar results were obtained by transient knockdown of TRAP1 in two different cell lines, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and KNS-42 glioma cells. However, TRAP1 knockdown did not affect expression levels of fusion proteins. The reduction in Drp1 and Mff protein levels was rescued following treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. These results suggest that TRAP1 regulates the expression of fission proteins and controls mitochondrial fusion/fission, which affects mitochondrial/cellular function.     

DNA损伤诱导的长链非编码RNA-UCA1促进HeLa细胞增殖

尿路上皮癌抗原1 (UCA1)是一种长链非编码RNA,在多种肿瘤内高表达.然而,其在宫颈癌细胞和组织中的表达报告颇不一致,且功能尚未确定.本文探索UCA1在宫颈癌HeLa细胞中的生物学功能.实时定量PCR（qRT-PCR）结果显示,UCA1、p21和p53 mRNA在阿霉素（doxorubicin,DOX）或γ射线照射的HeLa细胞中表达上调|相反,敲减p53表达则可抑制DOX诱导的UCA1上调.表明DNA损伤诱导的UCA1可能与p53有关.转染结合CCK8检测HeLa细胞增殖活力结果显示,与对照比较,过表达UCA1促进HeLa细胞增殖,干扰UCA1表达则减缓细胞增殖.此外,流式细胞术结果显示,过表达UCA1导致阿霉素诱导的凋亡率下降;siRNA抑制UCA1表达后引起细胞G2/M期比例上升,S期下降,且阿霉素诱导的细胞凋亡率上升.上述结果说明,DNA损伤诱导的UCA1可促进HeLa细胞增殖,减少细胞凋亡.然而,是否DNA损伤诱导的UCA1上调依赖p53尚需进一步实验证明.     

BI1 alleviates cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury via modifying mitochondrial fission and inhibiting XO/ROS/F-actin pathways

Pathogenesis of cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is associated with excessive mitochondrial fission. However, the upstream mediator of mitochondrial fission remains obscure. Bax inhibitor 1 (BI1) is linked to multiple mitochondrial functions, and there have been no studies investigating the contribution of BI1 on mitochondrial fission in the setting of cardiac microvascular IR injury. This study was undertaken to establish the action of BI1 on the cardiac microvascular reperfusion injury and figure out whether BI1 sustained endothelial viability via inhibiting mitochondrial fission. Our observation indicated that BI1 was downregulated in reperfused hearts and overexpression of BI1 attenuated microvascular IR injury. Mechanistically, reperfusion injury elevated the levels of xanthine oxidase (XO), an effect that was followed by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Subsequently, oxidative stress mediated F-actin depolymerization and the latter promoted mitochondrial fission. Aberrant fission caused mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately activated mitochondrial apoptosis in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. By comparison, BI1 overexpression repressed XO expression and thus neutralized ROS, interrupting F-actin-mediated mitochondrial fission. The inhibitory effect of BI1 on mitochondrial fission sustained endothelial viability, reversed endothelial barrier integrity, attenuated the microvascular inflammation response, and maintained microcirculation patency. Altogether, we conclude that BI1 is essential in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and alleviating cardiac microvascular IR injury. Deregulated BI1 via the XO/ROS/F-actin pathways plays a causative role in the development of cardiac microvascular reperfusion injury.     

LIV-1 suppression inhibits HeLa cell invasion by targeting ERK1/2-Snail/Slug pathway

It was reported that expression of the estrogen-regulated zinc transporter LIV-1 was particularly high in human cervical cancer cell line HeLa. This result prompted us to study the role that LIV-1 played in human cervical cancer. The results of real-time PCR showed that LIV-1 mRNA was significantly higher in cervical cancer in situ than in normal tissues. RNAi mediated suppression of LIV-1 in HeLa cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasive ability, but had no effect on cell apoptosis. Furthermore, LIV-1 suppression is accompanied by down-regulation of p44/42 MAPK, phospho-p44/42 MAPK, Snail and Slug expression levels. Hence, our data provide the first evidence that LIV-1 mRNA is overexpressed in cervical cancer in situ and is involved in invasion of cervical cancer cells through targeting MAPK-mediated Snail and Slug expression.