长非编码RNA HOTAIR调控胃癌细胞SGC-7901来源肿瘤干细胞样细胞

肿瘤干细胞样细胞具有自我更新、无限增殖和多向分化能力,且受到长非编码RNA（long non-coding RNAs, lncRNAs）的调控。长非编码RNA HOTAIR在人胃癌细胞中表达升高,且具有调控功能。但目前对其在胃癌干细胞样细胞中的功能尚无研究。本研究的目的是探讨胃癌肿瘤干细胞中HOTAIR对肿瘤恶性行为的调控作用。本研究采用无血清培养基在补充细胞因子条件下培养SGC-7901细胞,获得悬浮生长的肿瘤干细胞样细胞微球,检测微球细胞的表面特征因子CD44、CD24及HOTAIR的表达量变化;并通过CCK-8、流式细胞分析及ELISA等技术探讨了HOTAIR对肿瘤干细胞样细胞功能调控作用。结果表明,无血清培养基中获得的肿瘤干细胞样细胞具有自我更新能力,其可连续传代细胞微球的比率为4.75%±0.76%;RT-qPCR检测显示,相对于SGC-7901细胞,肿瘤干细胞样细胞中的HOTAIR表达量明显升高;通过慢病毒干扰技术发现,HOTAIR干扰抑制了HLA-G蛋白分泌、促进肿瘤干细胞样细胞的细胞周期推进、细胞增殖和自我更新能力维持。本研究提示,胃癌细胞系SGC-7901中的肿瘤干细胞样细胞中HOTAIR表达量升高,并可能通过促进肿瘤干细胞样细胞干性调控肿瘤恶性行为。     

虎杖提取物对人胰腺癌细胞系Panc-1增殖与凋亡的影响

目的:通过虎杖提取物干预人胰腺癌细胞系Panc-1,探讨虎杖提取物对人胰腺癌细胞增殖凋亡表型的影响。方法:制备不同浓度(0、10、50、100、150、200μg/m L)的虎杖提取物,将各个浓度的虎杖提取物分别加入待处理的人胰腺癌Panc-1细胞系中持续培养24 h后,利用CCK-8(cell counting kit-8)法检测细胞株Panc-1的增殖活性;将100μg/m L虎杖提取物处理人胰腺癌细胞系Panc-124 h后,利用流式细胞术(FCM)检测其细胞周期及凋亡分布;100μg/m L虎杖提取物处理人胰腺癌细胞株Panc-124 h后,提取细胞总RNA及总蛋白,后续利用实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot分别检测人胰腺癌细胞株Panc-1增殖标志基因PCNA、CDK2及凋亡标志基因BAD、BAX的转录和翻译水平。结果:CCK-8结果表明虎杖提取物对人胰腺癌细胞系Panc-1细胞增殖的抑制率随浓度增加;流式细胞术结果显示虎杖提取物抑制人胰腺癌细胞增殖促进其凋亡;荧光定量PCR和Western blot结果显示虎杖提取物能使人胰腺癌细胞增殖标志基因PCNA,CDK2表达量下降,凋亡标志基因BAD,BAX表达量上升。结论:虎杖提取物能够抑制人胰腺癌细胞系Panc-1细胞增殖并促进其凋亡。     

Dominant Expression of DCLK1 in Human Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells Accelerates Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Patients with pancreatic cancer typically develop tumor invasion and metastasis in the early stage. These malignant behaviors might be originated from cancer stem cells (CSCs), but the responsible target is less known about invisible CSCs especially for invasion and metastasis. We previously examined the proteasome activity of CSCs and constructed a real-time visualization system for human pancreatic CSCs. In the present study, we found that CSCs were highly metastatic and dominantly localized at the invading tumor margins in a liver metastasis model. Microarray and siRNA screening assays showed that doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) was predominantly expressed with histone modification in pancreatic CSCs with invasive and metastatic potential. Overexpression of DCLK1 led to amoeboid morphology, which promotes the migration of pancreatic cancer cells. Knockdown of DCLK1 profoundly suppressed in vivo liver metastasis of pancreatic CSCs. Clinically, DCLK1 was overexpressed in the metastatic tumors in patients with pancreatic cancer. Our studies revealed that DCLK1 is essential for the invasive and metastatic properties of CSCs and may be a promising epigenetic and therapeutic target in human pancreatic cancer.     

DC-CIK治疗大肠癌的研究进展

大肠癌是消化道常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率和死亡率均较高。过继免疫治疗是当今肿瘤治疗的热点,已逐步成为一些肿瘤的首选治疗方法。树突状细胞(DC)是目前已知功能最强大的抗原呈递细胞,具有呈递肿瘤抗原和抵制肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸及刺激T淋巴细胞产生免疫应答的作用。细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)由多种细胞因子诱导而成,具有T淋巴细胞及NK细胞抗肿瘤作用的特点。DC和CIK细胞有效结合可以同时促进DC细胞的增殖和免疫功能及加强CIK细胞的抗肿瘤作用。本文就近年来国内外应用DC-CIK治疗大肠癌的研究进展进行综述。     

Gatifloxacin Induces S and G2-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in Pancreatic Cancer Cells via p21/p27/p53

Pancreatic cancer, despite being the most dreadful among gastrointestinal cancers, is poorly diagnosed, and further, the situation has been aggravated owing to acquired drug resistance against the single known drug therapy. While previous studies have highlighted the growth inhibitory effects of older generation fluoroquinolones, the current study aims to evaluate the growth inhibitory effects of newer generation fluoroquinolone, Gatifloxacin, on pancreatic cancer cell lines MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1 as well as to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Herein, we report that Gatifloxacin suppresses the proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1 cells by causing S and G₂-phase cell cycle arrest without induction of apoptosis. Blockade in S-phase of the cell cycle was associated with increased TGF-β1 expression and translocation of Smad3-4 complex to the nucleus with subsequent activation of p21 in MIA PaCa-2 cells, whereas TGF-β signalling attenuated Panc-1 cells showed S-phase arrest by direct activation of p27. However, Gatifloxacin mediated G₂–phase cell cycle arrest was found to be p53 dependent in both the cell lines. Our study is of interest because fluoroquinolones have the ability to penetrate pancreatic tissue which can be very effective in combating pancreatic cancers that are usually associated with loss or downregulation of CDK inhibitors p21/p27 as well as mutational inactivation of p53. Additionally, Gatifloxacin was also found to synergize the effect of Gemcitabine, the only known drug against pancreatic cancer, as well as the broad spectrum anticancer drug cisplatin. Taken together our results suggest that Gatifloxacin possesses anticancer activities against pancreatic cancer and is a promising candidate to be repositioned from broad spectrum antibiotics to anticancer agent.     

CD166/ALCAM Expression Is Characteristic of Tumorigenicity and Invasive and Migratory Activities of Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Background

CD166, also known as activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), is expressed by various cells in several tissues including cancer. However, the role of CD166 in malignant tumors is controversial, especially in pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to clarify the role and significance of CD166 expression in pancreatic cancer.

Methods

We performed immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry to analyze the expression of CD166 in surgical pancreatic tissues and pancreatic cancer cell lines. The differences between isolated CD166+ and CD166- pancreatic cancer cells were analyzed by invasion and migration assays, and in mouse xenograft models. We also performed quantitative RT-PCR and microarray analyses to evaluate the expression levels of CD166 and related genes in cultured cells.

Results

Immunohistochemistry revealed high expression of CD166 in pancreatic cancer tissues (12.2%; 12/98) compared with that in normal pancreas controls (0%; 0/17) (p = 0.0435). Flow cytometry indicated that CD166 was expressed in 33.8–70.2% of cells in surgical pancreatic tissues and 0–99.5% of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Invasion and migration assays demonstrated that CD166- pancreatic cancer cells showed stronger invasive and migratory activities than those of CD166+ cancer cells (p<0.05). On the other hand, CD166+ Panc-1 cells showed a significantly stronger colony formation activity than that of CD166- Panc-1 cells (p<0.05). In vivo analysis revealed that CD166+ cells elicited significantly greater tumor growth than that of CD166- cells (p<0.05) in both subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse tumor models. mRNA expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition activator Zeb1 was over-expressed in CD166- cells (p<0.001). Microarray analysis showed that TSPAN8 and BST2 were over-expressed in CD166+ cells, while BMP7 and Col6A1 were over-expressed in CD166- cells.

Conclusions

CD166+ pancreatic cancer cells are strongly tumorigenic, while CD166- pancreatic cancer cells exhibit comparatively stronger invasive and migratory activities. These findings suggest that CD166 expression is related to different functions in pancreatic cancer cells.     

Presenilin-2 polymorphisms and risk of sporadic AD: evidence from a meta-analysis

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas that usually has a poor prognosis. The investigation of targets that effectively inhibit pancreatic cancer cell proliferation should provide a fundamental basis for the clinical application of gene therapy. Here, high expression levels of ABCC4 protein in thirty-six pancreatic cancer specimens were quantified using an immunohistochemical assay, and the potential of ABCC4 as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer was investigated. Inhibition of ABCC4 expression at the mRNA and protein levels was achieved in Panc-1 and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells infected with a lentivirus expressing an ABCC4 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The downregulation of ABCC4 expression in Panc-1 and BxPC-3 cells significantly inhibited their proliferation and colony formation in vitro, compared to cells infected with mock control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the specific downregulation of ABCC4 led to the accumulation of cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Our findings reveal that the ABCC4 gene promotes pancreatic cancer cell growth and represents a promising target for gene therapy in pancreatic cancer.     

The Microvesicle Component of HIV-1 Inocula Modulates Dendritic Cell Infection and Maturation and Enhances Adhesion to and Activation of T Lymphocytes

HIV-1 is taken up by immature monocyte derived dendritic cells (iMDDCs) into tetraspanin rich caves from which the virus can either be transferred to T lymphocytes or enter into endosomes resulting in degradation. HIV-1 binding and fusion with the DC membrane results in low level de novo infection that can also be transferred to T lymphocytes at a later stage. We have previously reported that HIV-1 can induce partial maturation of iMDDCs at both stages of trafficking. Here we show that CD45⁺ microvesicles (MV) which contaminate purified HIV-1 inocula due to similar size and density, affect DC maturation, de novo HIV-1 infection and transfer to T lymphocytes. Comparing iMDDCs infected with CD45-depleted HIV-1_BaL or matched non-depleted preparations, the presence of CD45⁺ MVs was shown to enhance DC maturation and ICAM-1 (CD54) expression, which is involved in DC∶T lymphocyte interactions, while restricting HIV-1 infection of MDDCs. Furthermore, in the DC culture HIV-1 infected (p24⁺) MDDCs were more mature than bystander cells. Depletion of MVs from the HIV-1 inoculum markedly inhibited DC∶T lymphocyte clustering and the induction of alloproliferation as well as limiting HIV-1 transfer from DCs to T lymphocytes. The effects of MV depletion on these functions were reversed by the re-addition of purified MVs from activated but not non-activated SUPT1.CCR5-CL.30 or primary T cells. Analysis of the protein complement of these MVs and of these HIV-1 inocula before and after MV depletion showed that Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and nef were the likely DC maturation candidates. Recombinant HSP90α and β and nef all induced DC maturation and ICAM-1 expression, greater when combined. These results suggest that MVs contaminating HIV-1 released from infected T lymphocytes may be biologically important, especially in enhancing T cell activation, during uptake by DCs in vitro and in vivo, particularly as MVs have been detected in the circulation of HIV-1 infected subjects.     

The Metastatic Potential and Chemoresistance of Human Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) typically have the capacity to evade chemotherapy and may be the principal source of metastases. CSCs for human pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) have been identified, but neither the metastatic potential nor the chemoresistance of these cells has been adequately evaluated. We have addressed these issues by examining side-population (SP) cells isolated from the Panc-1 and BxPC3 lines of human PDAC cells, the oncogenotypes of which differ. SP cells could be isolated from monolayers of Panc-1, but only from spheroids of BxPC3. Using orthotopic xenografts into the severely immunocompromised NSG mouse, we found that SP cells isolated from both cell lines produced tumors that were highly metastatic, in contrast to previous experience with PDAC cell lines. SP cells derived from both cell lines expressed the ABCG2 transporter, which was demonstrably responsible for the SP phenotype. SP cells gave rise to non-SP (NSP) cells in vitro and in vivo, a transition that was apparently due to posttranslational inhibition of the ABCG2 transporter. Twenty-two other lines of PDAC cells also expressed ABCG2. The sensitivity of PDAC SP cells to the vinca alkaloid vincristine could be greatly increased by verapamil, a general inhibitor of transporters. In contrast, verapamil had no effect on the killing of PDAC cells by gemcitabine, the current first-line therapeutic for PDAC. We conclude that the isolation of SP cells can be a convenient and effective tool for the study of PDAC CSCs; that CSCs may be the principal progenitors of metastasis by human PDAC; that the ABCG2 transporter is responsible for the SP phenotype in human PDAC cells, and may be a ubiquitous source of drug-resistance in PDAC, but does not confer resistance to gemcitabine; and that inhibition of ABCG2 might offer a useful adjunct in a therapeutic attack on the CSCs of PDAC.     

GFP Stable Transfection Facilitated the Characterization of Lung Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cancer cells that play key roles in metastasis and cancer relapse. The elimination of CSCs is very important during cancer therapy. To develop drugs that target CSCs, the isolation and identification of putative CSCs are required. Some of the characteristics of CSCs are assessed by cell survival assays. In such experiments, the density of the cells seeded on the plates may affect the experimental results, leading to potentially inaccurate conclusions. In this study, a new assay to facilitate the characterization of CSCs has been developed by stable transfection of GFP, using the A549 lung cancer cell line as a model. A putative CSC line, A549 sphere cells, was obtained by culturing A549 cells in ultra-low dishes in serum-free medium. To ensure that the putative CSCs were grown under the same conditions as the A549–GFP cells and were not affected by the number of cells seeded, A549 sphere cells were mixed with GFP stably transfected A549 (A549–GFP) cells. The mixture was subjected to flow cytometry assay and inverted fluorescence microscopy to detect changes in the proportion of GFP-positive cells after treatment. A549 sphere cells had a slower proliferation rate and an improved chemoresistance. They also showed differentiation ability. This work suggests that mixing GFP stably transfected cancer cells with putative CSCs may facilitate the identification of CSCs, making it convenient for studies of targeted CSCs.     

Rasfonin,a novel 2-pyrone derivative,induces ras-mutated Panc-1 pancreatic tumor cell death in nude mice

Rasfonin is a novel 2-pyrone derivative reported to induce apoptosis in ras-dependent cells. In this study, its effects on ras-mutated pancreatic cancer cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Two human pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc-1 (mutated K-ras) and BxPC-3 (wild-type K-ras) were selected to test the effects of rasfonin on cell proliferation, clone formation, migration and invasion in vitro. Immunoblotting was used to detect the expressions of EGFR–Ras–Raf–MEK–ERK signaling pathway proteins. Ras activity was measured using a pull-down ELISA kit and guanine exchange factor (GEF)/GTPase-activating proteins (GAP) activity was measured by [³H]-GDP radiometric ligand binding. For an in vivo study, CD1 nude mice bearing Panc-1 cells were treated with rasfonin or Salirasib (FTS). We found that rasfonin suppressed proliferation more strongly in Panc-1 cells (IC₅₀=5.5 μM) than BxPC-3 cells (IC₅₀=10 μM) in vitro. Clone formation, migration and invasion by Panc-1 cells were also reduced by rasfonin. Rasfonin had little effect on the farnesylation of Ras, but it strongly downregulated Ras activity and consequently phosphorylation of c-Raf/MEK/ERK. Further experiments indicated that rasfonin reduced Son of sevenless (Sos1) expression but did not alter GEF and GAP activities. The in vivo experiments also revealed that rasfonin (30 mg/kg) delayed the growth of xenograft tumors originating from Panc-1 cells. Tumor weight was ultimately decreased after 20 days of treatment of rasfonin. Rasfonin is a robust inhibitor of pancreatic cancers with the K-ras mutation. The reduction of Sos1 expression and the consequently depressed Ras–MAPK activity could be important in its anticancer activity.     

SIRT1 coordinates with the CRL4B complex to regulate pancreatic cancer stem cells to promote tumorigenesis

Pancreatic cancer is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) were identified in several solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer. Although accumulating evidence indicates that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) exerts biological functions in various cancers, how it contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis of pancreatic cancer, as well as its role in CSCs, is still poorly defined. Here we show that SIRT1 interacts with the Cullin 4B (CUL4B)-Ring E3 ligase (CRL4B) complex, which is responsible for H2AK119 monoubiquitination (H2AK119ub1), collaborating as a functional unit. Genome-wide analysis of SIRT1/CUL4B targets identified a cohort of genes, including GRHL3 and FOXO3, critically involved in cell differentiation, growth, and migration. Furthermore, we found that SIRT1 and CUL4B collectively promote the proliferation, autophagy, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Remarkably, we demonstrate that SIRT1/CUL4B promotes CSC-like properties, including increased stemness marker expression and sphere formation. In vivo experiments implied that SIRT1 promoted established tumor xenograft growth, increased tumor-initiating capacity in NOD/SCID mice, and increased CSC frequency. Strikingly, SIRT1 and CUL4B expression is markedly upregulated in a variety of human cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Our data provide a molecular basis for the functional interplay between histone deacetylation and ubiquitination. The results also implicate the SIRT1/CRL4B complex in pancreatic cancer metastasis and stem cell properties, thus supporting SIRT1 as a promising potential target for cancer therapy development.Subject terms: Cancer stem cells, Metastasis     

The Influence of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Adhesion of Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells to the Peritoneum

Postoperative peritoneal carcinomatosis is a significant clinical problem after “curative” resection of pancreatic carcinoma. Preoperative surgical trauma activates a cascade of peritoneal defense mechanisms responsible for postoperative intra-abdominal tumor recurrence. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in this postoperative inflammatory reaction. This study explores the influence of ROS on adhesion of human pancreatic carcinoma cells to human mesothelial cells. Furthermore this study explores the influence of ROS on the presentation of adhesion molecules on Panc-1 and mesothelial cells. ROS were produced using the enzymatic reaction of xanthine with xanthine oxidase (X/XO). A reproducible in vitro assay to study adhesion of human Panc-1 carcinoma tumor cells to a mesothelial cell monolayer of primary human mesothelial cells was used. Mesothelial monolayers were incubated with ROS produced prior to adhesion of the tumor cells. Incubation of the mesothelial cells with X/XO resulted in a significant increase (69.5%) in adhesion of Panc-1 in all patients. SOD/catalase, anti-oxidants, could reduce this increase by 56.7%. ROS significantly influenced the expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CD44h on mesothelial cells, but did not influence adhesion molecule expression on Panc-1. The ROS released during the post-operative inflammatory reaction may play an important role in the adhesion of pancreatic tumor cells to the mesothelium-possibly by influencing adhesion molecule expression on mesothelial cells. Therefore ROS can partly be responsible for the enhanced post-operative intra-abdominal tumor recurrence.Key words: reactive oxygen species, mesothelium, Panc-1     

Isolation of Stem Cells from Human Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a growing number of malignancies and are functionally defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal and produce differentiated progeny¹. These properties allow CSCs to recapitulate the original tumor when injected into immunocompromised mice. CSCs within an epithelial malignancy were first described in breast cancer and found to display specific cell surface antigen expression (CD44⁺CD24^low/-)². Since then, CSCs have been identified in an increasing number of other human malignancies using CD44 and CD24 as well as a number of other surface antigens. Physiologic properties, including aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, have also been used to isolate CSCs from malignant tissues^3-5.Recently, we and others identified CSCs from pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on ALDH activity and the expression of the cell surface antigens CD44 and CD24, and CD133^6-8. These highly tumorigenic populations may or may not be overlapping and display other functions. We found that ALDH⁺ and CD44⁺CD24⁺ pancreatic CSCs are similarly tumorigenic, but ALDH⁺ cells are relatively more invasive⁸. In this protocol we describe a method to isolate viable pancreatic CSCs from low-passage human xenografts⁹. Xenografted tumors are harvested from mice and made into a single-cell suspension. Tissue debris and dead cells are separated from live cells and then stained using antibodies against CD44 and CD24 and using the ALDEFLUOR reagent, a fluorescent substrate of ALDH¹⁰. CSCs are then isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Isolated CSCs can then be used for analytical or functional assays requiring viable cells.     

Preparation of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Vaccine through Electrofusion with Day-3 Dendritic Cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in human immune system. DC-based tumor vaccine has met with some success in specific malignancies, inclusive of breast cancer. In this study, we electrofused MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line with day-3 DCs derived from peripheral blood monocytes, and explored the biological characteristics of fusion vaccine and its anti-tumor effects in vitro. Day-3 mature DCs were generated from day-2 immature DCs by adding cocktails composed of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PEG₂. Day-3 mature DCs were identified and electofused with breast cancer cells to generate fusion vaccine. Phenotype of fusion cells were identified by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometer. The fusion vaccine was evaluated for T cell proliferation, secretion of IL-12 and IFN-γ, and induction of tumor-specific CTL response. Despite differences in morphology, day-3 and day-7 DC expressed similar surface markers. The secretion of IL-12 and IFN-γ in fusion vaccine group was much higher than that in the control group. Compared with control group, DC-tumor fusion vaccine could better stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T lymphocytes and kill more breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) in vitro. Day-3 DCs had the same function as the day-7 DCs, but with a shorter culture period. Our findings suggested that day-3 DCs fused with whole apoptotic breast cancer cells could elicit effective specific antitumor T cell responses in vitro and may be developed into a prospective candidate for adoptivet immunotherapy.     

二硝基氟苯修饰的黑色素瘤细胞激活树突状细胞诱导特异性T细胞反应

目的:探索半抗原二硝基氟苯(DNP)修饰的恶性黑色素瘤细胞(恶黑)激活树突状细胞(DC)后,在体外诱导特异性T细胞反应的抗肿瘤效应。方法:采用DNP修饰恶黑细胞M3(H-2d),然后在体外激活BALB/c小鼠(H-2d)外周血来源的DC,用于激发自体的T细胞,观察对T细胞的增殖和特异性T细胞的杀伤功能。结果:经DNP修饰的M3细胞激活的DC,其诱发的T细胞增殖能力和对M3细胞的特异性杀伤效应均明显高于未修饰的M3细胞组和DC组。结论:DNP修饰M3所激活的DC可以诱导更强的恶黑特异性T细胞效应。     

Bacterial Quorum Sensing Molecule N-3-Oxo-Dodecanoyl-L-Homoserine Lactone Causes Direct Cytotoxicity and Reduced Cell Motility in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells

In spite of chemotherapeutic and surgical advances, pancreatic cancer continues to have a dismal prognosis. Metastasis due to tumor cell migration remains the most critical challenge in treating pancreatic cancer, and conventional chemotherapy is rarely curative. In the quest for more novel molecules to fight this disease, we tested the hypothesis that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signal molecule N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (O-DDHSL) would be cytotoxic to and reduce mobility of pancreatic carcinoma cells (Panc-1 and Aspc-1). Results showed a decrease in cell viability from apoptosis, diminished colony formation, and inhibition of migration of the evaluated pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Also, cell viability decreased in the presence of O-DDHSL when cells were grown in matrigel basement membrane matrix. While messenger RNA for IQGAP-1 decreased in Panc-1 and HPDE cells upon exposure to O-DDHSL, no change was observed in Aspc-1 cells. Cofilin mRNA expression was found to be increased in both HPDE and Panc-1 cells with marginal decrease in Aspc-1 cells. RhoC, a Rho-family GTPase involved in cell motility, increased in the presence of O-DDHSL, suggesting a possible compensatory response to alteration in other migration associated genes. Our results indicate that O-DDHSL could be an effective biomolecule in eukaryotic systems with multimodal function for essential molecular targeting in pancreatic cancer.     

细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导分子(CD147)在胰腺癌细胞及胰腺星状细胞中的表达(英文)

目的:探讨细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导分子(CD147)在胰腺癌细胞(Panc-1)及胰腺星状细胞(PSCs)的表达。方法:应用QRT-PCR,免疫细胞化学和免疫印迹分析方法检测Panc-1和PSCs细胞中EMMRPIN的表达,应用脱糖基化试剂N-glycosidase F及Endoglycosidase H鉴定CD147糖基化形式。结果:CD147在Panc-1和PSCs细胞质膜及细胞质中高表达,通过脱糖基化法首次鉴定出胰腺癌细胞及胰腺星状细胞中CD147不同的糖基化修饰。结论:CD147的糖基化修饰具有细胞特异性,可能与细胞恶性程度相关。     

Antigenic Potency of LY6E in Stimulating Dendritic Cells to Elicit Tumor-Specific Responses Against Human Colorectal and Gastric Cancer Cell Lines

Early-stage gastrointestinal (GI) carcinomas are amenable malignancies, however, due to late diagnosis or lack of proper medication, alternative treatment necessitates new approaches such as dendritic cell (DC) therapy. Our previous microarray study indicated Lymphocyte antigen-6 (LY6E) as a commonly overexpressed biomarker in three lethal GI cancers, colon, gastric, and pancreatic. Therefore, we examined the antigenic potency of LY6E in stimulating DCs to elicit tumor-specific responses against human colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC) cell lines HT-29 and AGS, respectively. LY6E peptide-pulsed DCs stimulated lymphocytes up to 55.9% in comparison with mature DCs (48.3%). Also, flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte proliferation illustrated that the populations CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ were increased after treating by peptide-pulsed DCs (62.9% and 48.7% respectively). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that the 40:1 ratio of stimulated lymphocytes on AGS and HT29 cell lines was 65.1% and 66.2%, respectively. The research exposed that LY6E loaded DCs had substantial impact stimulation, proliferation, and lineage differentiation of lymphocytes. Besides, co-cultured of primed lymphocytes with AGS and HT29 cell lines exhibited cytotoxic activity. These data suggest LY6E as a potential candidate in developing DC therapy against CRC and AGS.