水稻品种对褐稻虱的抗性

本文运用苗期抗性筛选法,测定了9个水稻品种对褐稻虱的抗性及其与秧龄的关系,表明秧龄对高抗品种的抗性表现影响不显著,而部分中抗品种的抗性则随秧龄增长而加大。抗性机制研究证明:高抗品种7105具有很强的不嗜性和抗生性;而包选2号和辐包矮21等中抗品种则以耐虫性为主,兼有不同程度的抗生性。     

褐稻虱求偶鸣声和交尾行为

褐稻虱Nilaparvata lugens(stl)成虫交尾前均发出由固体介质(寄主植株)传播的声信号,用于个体间联系。信号产生于伴随腹部振动的摩擦发声过程,具有种的专一性,能联络、识别同种异性个体,刺激性兴奋和为雄虫寻觅雌虫定向,对求偶和完成交尾具有重要意义。为害水稻的与为害李氏禾属杂草Leersia hexandra(Swartz)的生物型之间,鸣声声学特征存在明显差异,构成型间杂交的某些障碍;而为害水稻的四种生物型之间无显著差异。     

稻褐飞虱致害性的转化(同翅目：飞虱科)

稻褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(Stal)在抗虫品种上并非完全不取食,亦并非完全不能完成生长发育,经在抗虫品种上连续多代强迫饲养,其致害性将发生明显的变化,逐渐从不能致害转化为能适应这种抗虫品种。致害性的转化是渐变的,在世代间似有遗传积累。由于抗虫品种抗虫机制及其遗传背景的差异,褐飞虱在不同的抗虫品种上致害性转化的进程和速率亦不同。     

褐飞虱体内酵母类共生菌的形态观察

试验采用冷冻切片技术结合显微摄像系统观察研究了褐飞虱雌成虫体内酵母类共生菌的形态特性和在寄主虫体内的存在状态.光学显微镜观察证实,褐飞虱雌成虫的头部和胸部均未观察到共生菌,在其腹部脂肪体中却发现大量酵母类共生菌的存在,且有大量的菌胞出现.菌胞已经成为褐飞虱特有的细胞器,其发育可划分为发育初期、共生菌增殖适应期、对数增殖期(高峰期)、释放期和衰竭期5个阶段.按照形态划分,褐飞虱体内的酵母类共生菌有4大类型,即长梭形、杆状、卵形和球状.其中,长梭形和杆状个体最多、占绝大多数,卵形和球状个体很少见.此外,还发现具假膈梭形和不规则共生菌的存在.同时观察到该类共生菌通过多边芽殖进行无性繁殖,且以顶端芽殖(包括两端芽殖)为主.     

褐飞虱翊型分化遗传规律的研究

以褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)长翅型(macroptery,简称M)、短翅型(brachyptery,简称B)的遗传纯系为实验材料,进行亲本、稻株生育期、虫口密度三因子交互实验。结果表明：(1)在环境条件(指稻株生育期、虫口密度等)一致时,B♀×B♂、B♀×M♂、M♀×B♂、M♀×M♂四种亲本组合的F1代短翅型成虫百分率分别为：98%、92%、64%、29%,各亲本组合间差异极显著;(2)亲本相同时,将F1代褐飞虱初孵若虫多头词养(多于l0头/株)在黄熟期稻株上,其长翅型雌、雄成虫百分数均高于灌浆期稻株上;(3)单头饲养实验中发现,不论亲本组合、稻株生育期如何,雌虫绝大多数分化为短翅型,而雄虫则几乎全为长翅型。这表明褐飞虱的翅型分化遗传由一个受多种因子影响的调控体系决定,且调控作用与性别有关。     

外源激素对褐飞虱翅型分化的影响

该文报道外源蜕皮激素(ED)和保幼激素类似物(JHA)对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)翅型分化及体内酯酶活性、可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量等的影响。褐飞虱在3、4龄若虫期经JHA处理后,所羽化出的成虫短翅型比例明显升高;而在5龄若虫期处理,所羽化出成虫的短翅型比例无明显变化。ED处理能增加3、4龄若虫体内酯酶活性、可溶性糖及游离氨基酸含量,而JHA处理则能有效地抑制ED的这些生物活性,这可能是JHA处理后褐飞虱成虫短翅型比例提高的生理生化基础。     

THE VIRULENCE OF THE ENTOMOPHTHORALEAN FUNGUS PANDORA DELPHACZS TO THE BROWN PLANTHOPPER NILAPARVATA LUGENS1)

Abstract The entomophthoralean fungus, Pandwa delphacis (Hori) Humber, is a pathogen frequently causing epizootics of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal, in rice growing areas of China. Two isolates (F95127 and F95129) of the fungus obtained from mycosis-killed planthoppers collected in Zhejiang Province were bioassayed for their virulence to N. lugens. For inoculation, botches of 4– or 5-in-star-old nymphs from a laboratory population were exposed to time-varying spore shower from sporulating plates of fungal mass produced in Sabouraud liquid medium, resulting in 8 and 6 dosages for F95129 and F95127, respectively. The nymphs treated at each dosage were maintained on rice plants at 25°C and a photophase of 12L: 12D in growth chamber (nearly 100% RH) and were examined daily for mortality. The resulting data were well fitted to time-dose-mortality model, generating parameters of time and dose effects for estimation of virulence indices. The LD₅₀ values 6–8 d after exposure were 327, 122 and 46 conidia/mm² for F95129 and 409, 133 and 74 conidia/mm² for F95127, respectively. The LT₅₀ estimated for F95127 was 7. 6 d at 95 conidia/mm² whereas that for F95129 decreased from 6. 6 d at 172 conidia/mm² to 5. 6 d at 525 conidia/mm². Based on these virulence indices and comparison of the slopes for dose effects from the model, the two isolates of P. delphacis had moderate virulence to N. lugens with insignificant difference to each other.     

回放雄虫第二种鸣声对稻褐飞虱生殖过程的抑制作用

结果表明：１回放稻褐飞虱雄虫第二种鸣声（ＳＭＶＳ）１～１２ｈ可以显著降低雌雄虫的成功交配率,而回放ＳＭＶＳ２４ｈ则对此无明显影响;２回放ＳＭＶＳ对交配率的影响主要在于对试虫相遇前的求偶过程,表现为雌虫鸣叫率显著下降,对雄虫求偶声（ＦＭＶＳ）的反应延迟;雄虫对雌虫求偶声（ＦＶＳ）的反应程度有所降低;雌雄虫的相遇前期显著延长;３回放ＳＭＶＳ不影响交配试虫的授精率和产卵量,但影响授精的质量,表现在精包明显变小,卵的发育率下降。     

飞虱虫疠霉对褐飞虱的毒力(英文)

飞虱虫疠霉（Ｐａｎｄｏｒａ ｄｅｌｐｈａｃｉｓ（Ｈｏｒｉ） Ｈｕｍｂｅｒ）是我国稻区常见引发稻飞虱流行病的重要病原真菌。本研究用从稻飞虱虫尸上分离获得的两个飞虱虫疠霉菌株Ｆ９５１２７和Ｆ９５１２９分别对褐飞虱（Ｎｉｌｏｐａｒｖａｔａｌｕｇｅｎｓ Ｓｔａｌ）进行了毒力测定。将 ４－５龄若虫曝露在液体培养所获的产孢菌丝平板下进行“孢子浴”接种,通过控制孢子浴时间获得系列接种剂量。各剂量处理的若虫分别饲养于生长培养箱中,温度２５℃,光照１２Ｌ∶１２Ｄ,相对湿度接近饱和,逐日检查死亡数。所得数据很好地拟合时间－剂量－死亡率模型,由此获得用于估计毒力指标的时间和剂量效应参数。接种后 ６－８ ｄ, Ｆ９５１２９和 Ｆ９５１２７的 ＬＤ_（５０）分别为 ３２７、 １２２、４６孢子／ｍｍ~２和４０９、 １３３、 ７４孢子／ｍｍ~２, Ｆ９５１２７在９５孢子／ｍｍ~２剂量下的 ＬＴ_（５０）为７．６ｄ,而Ｆ９５１２９的ＬＴ_（５０）则从１７２孢子／ｍｍ~２时的 ６． ６ｄ下降到 ５２５孢子／ｍｍ~２时的５．６ｄ。根据所测毒力指标和剂量效应参数的分析比较,两个飞虱虫疠霉菌株对褐飞虱均具有中等毒力,且彼此间无显著差异。     

黄绿绿僵菌对褐飞虱和白背飞虱不同发育阶段的病原性的研究

本文报道了不同孢子浓度下黄绿绿僵菌对褐飞虱和白背飞虱不同发育阶段的易感性和毒力的研究。实验设10.5孢子/mm2,116.7孢子/mm2和1027.1孢子/mm2三种孢子剂量,两种飞虱分为幼龄若虫(1龄和2龄若虫)、高龄若虫(3、4、5龄若虫)和成虫三个发育阶段。实验发现褐飞虱与白背飞虱的三个发育阶段对黄绿绿僵菌的不同浓度的孢子液有不同程度的易感性。黄绿绿僵菌对褐飞虱幼龄若虫的毒力指标LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为>21、20.82和16.55;对高龄若虫的LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为17.68、15.49和13.98;而对成虫的LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为17.10、12.57和9.14。黄绿绿僵菌对白背飞虱幼龄若虫的毒力指标LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为>21、17.29和13.13;对高龄若虫的LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为16.94、15.02和13.03;而对白背飞虱成虫的LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为12.78、10.16和7.64。二者的成虫的易感性比若虫的易感性强,高龄若虫的易感性比幼龄若虫的强。白背飞虱比褐飞虱对黄绿绿僵菌更加敏感。二者的死亡率随孢子浓度的增大而增大。     

寄主经历对稻褐飞虱致害特性的影响

对寄主经历不同的稻褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens 3龄若虫致害特性的研究结果表明：在抗虫品种Mudgo上的生活经历显著提高试虫在含Bphl基因的Mudeo、IR26、IR28、IR34上的蜜露排泄量、存活率及试虫对Mudgo的选择性：而ASD7上的经历仅显著提高试虫在ASD7上的蜜露量和存活率。不同品种上的经历对试虫的影响有所不同。同时,各经历试虫 在抗虫品种上的蜜露排泄量显著小于在TNl上的排泄量。     

PATHOGENICITY OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE VAR. ACRIDU TO THE DEVEOLPMENTAL STAGES OF BROWN PLANTHOPPER NILAPARVATA LUGENS STÅL AND SOGATELLA FURCIFERA (HORVATH)

Abstract  The susceptibility and virulence of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum to the stages of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) were investigated under laboratory conditions. Three dosages of M. anisopliae var. acridum ranging from 10.5, 116.3 and 1027.1 conidial/mm² were used in the experiment. The tested stages of host included three developmental stages, young nymphs (1–2 instars), old nymphs (3–5 instars) and adults. It was found that all tested stages of the planthoppers were susceptible to the fungal infection. The degree of virulence LT₅₀ of M. anisopliae var. acridum against young nymphs of N. lugens are >21, 20.82 and 16.55, respectively with the 3 dosages, the LT₅₀ of the fungus against the old nymphs are 17.68, 15.49 and 13.98, respectively with the 3 dosages; the LT₅₀ of the fungus against the adults are 17.10, 12.57 and 9.14 respectively with the 3 dosages. The degree of virulence LT₅₀ of M. anisopliae var. acridum on young nymphs of S. furcifera are >21, 17.29 and 13.13, respectively with the 3 dosages _; the LT₅₀ of the fungus against the old nymphs are 16.94, 15.02 and 13.03, respectively with the 3 dosages; the LT₅₀ of the fungus against the adults are 12.78, 10.16 and 7.64, respectively with the 3 dosages. Adults were more susceptible to M. anisopliae var. acridum infection than their nymphs and the young nymphs were most resistant to the fungal infection. The cumulative mortality of each stage was dosage-dependent. Of all the developmental stages, WBPH was more susceptible than BPH to M. anisopliae var. acridum infection with the same dosages.     

迁人江淮稻区褐稻虱生物型跟踪监测及分析

该文对近年来褐稻虱迁入虫源的性质进行了探讨,结果表明迁入的虫源在鉴别品种Mudgo上的致害力,生存率、取食量和原始的种群生物型I没有明显的差别;两者在酯酶同工酶谱带数目和RF值也没有差异。迁入的虫源在田间抗性品种上明显表现虫量少。因此,迁入江淮稻区虫源仍是种群生物型I。人工在Mudgo上诱导产生的生物型1再回到感性品种上连续饲养8代,其对Mudgo的致害性降为1.O级,表明了褐稻虱生物型的不稳定性。     

褐飞虱不同地理种群生物学特性的比较

在实验条件下比较了四个(龙州、九宫山、监利、新会)褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(Stal)地理种群的发育、繁殖、内禀增长能力等参数的异同。结果表明：1.北迁的迁入当代九宫山种群雌虫降落取食3.6d开始产卵,产卵量平均为522粒,低于其第二代居留型种群的714粒;2.四个种群在若虫l龄、5龄历期上有显著差异(a＝0.05).但决定翅型分化的2、3、4龄历期上无显著差异;成虫寿命、产卵历期无显著差异;新会种群产卵量高于其它三个种群;同龄期若虫的世代存活率,九宫山种群低于其它三个种群;综合反映发育、存活、繁殖等生命信息的内禀增长能力rm差异较小,在0.1874～0.1982间变化。本文还分析了产生上述异同的原因。     

不同品种的水稻乙醇提取物对褐飞虱的影响

不同品种的水稻乙醇提取物对褐飞虱的影响张古忍１廉斌３古练权２周强１张文庆１（１中山大学昆虫学研究所,２中山大学化学系广州５１０２７５;３暨南大学化学系广州５１０６３２）＊国家博士后基金、广东省自然科学基金、广东省博士后基金、中山大学生物防治国家重点实...     

影响稻褐飞虱声诱集的若干因素（同翅目：飞虱科）

稻褐飞虱ＮｉｌａｐａｒｖａｔａＩｕｇｅｎｓ（Ｓｔａｌ）雌、雄成虫均能发出由固体介质（寄主植株）传递的鸣声（振动）信号,用于交尾前的个体间通讯。雄虫对雌虫鸣声或重放鸣声录音具有强趋性。由此研制的声诱集器有可能首先用于改进褐飞虱测报的田间采样技术。声诱集效果受若干因素的影响。实验室试验结果表明,声诱集具有种的选择性;诱集率随雄虫虫龄变化,对羽化后４－５日龄雄虫的诱集率最高２异性干扰对诱集效果有明显影响;一天中,中午前后诱集率最高,９：００一１８：００的诱集量占总诱集量的５４．０％±１０．８％２诱集率随气温变化,２６℃－２８℃诱集效果最好;而室外晴、阴、雨等天气差异对诱集率无显著影响;另外,随诱集信号播放时间的延续．诱集率下降;间断信号的诱集效果高于连续信号。     

影响稻褐飞虱声诱集的若干因素(同翅目：飞虱科)

稻褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(stal)雌、雄成虫均能发出由固体介质(寄主植株)传递的鸣声(振动)信号,用于交尾前的个体间通讯。雄虫对雌虫鸣声或重放鸣声录音具有强趋性。由此研制的声诱集器有可能首先用于改进褐飞虱测报的田间采样技术。 声诱集效果受若干因素的影响。实验室试验结果表明,声诱集具有种的选择性;诱集率随雄虫虫龄变化,对羽化后4一5日龄雄虫的诱集率最高;异性干扰对诱集效果有明显影响;一天中,中午前后诱集率最高,9：00-18：00的诱集量占总诱集量的54.0%±10.8%;诱集率随气温变化,26℃-28℃诱集效果最好;而室外晴、阴、雨等天气差异对诱集串无显著影响;另外,随诱集信号播放时间的延续,诱集率下降;间断信号的诱集效果高于连续信号。     

EFFECTS OF AGROCHEMICALS ON BROWN PL THOPPER NILAPARVATA LUGENS (STÅL) AND ITS PREDATORY ENEMIES*

Abstract The effects of agrochemicals on brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, three predators were studied. The results showed that with recommendatory concentrations of 0. 30preti-lachlor EC could cause high mortalities to adults of BPH, Microvelia horvathi and Cyrtorhinus lividipennis; 0. 50 butachlor EC had significant lethal effects on adults of M. horvathi and C. lividipennis, but had negligible effects on BPH and Erogonidium graminicolum; and 40% acetochlor WP had no obvious killing effect to other insects mentioned above, except C. lividipennis. Effects of 0. 50 quincolorac WP, 0. 10 bensulfuron methyl WP, 0. 10 cyclosulfumuron WP and 0. 20 daofuxing WP on these insects were insignificant. As far as fungicides were concerned, 2nd-3rd instar nymphs of BPH and adults of Microvelia horvathi, and Cyrtorhinus lividipennis were obviously sensitive to 0. 40 IBP EC, but 0. 75 chlorothalonil WP 0. 20 tricyclazol WP, 0. 50 carbendazin WP, 0. 25 yekuling WP, 0. 5 jinggangmycin SL and 0. 20 yeqing shuang WP had no evident effects on them. 0. 4635 urea G had also no obvious insecticidal activity on adults of these insects. The results of toxic regression expression and LC₅₀ of IBP, pretilachlor, butachlor and acetochlor to BPH and its predators were determined.