老龄雄性大鼠睾丸组织NO含量与SOD活性的相关性研究

目的：研究衰老进程中睾丸组织一氧化氮（NO）与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）之间的相互关系,探讨有氧运动延缓衰老的机制。方法：分别测定青龄对照组、老龄对照组、老龄运动组大鼠睾丸组织NO含量和SOD活性。观察游泳运动对老龄大鼠睾丸组织NO含量和SOD活性的影响。结果：老龄对照组大鼠睾丸组织NO含量、SOD活性明显降低,有氧运动可使上述变化逆转。结论：睾丸组织NO含量与SOD活性呈显著正相关。有氧运动是延缓衰老的有效手段。     

PCR直接检测龈下菌斑主要可疑牙周致病菌

目的：应用PCR方法直接检测龈下菌斑主要可疑牙周致病菌与牙周病活动部位的关系,探讨其方法的可行性并探讨其主要可疑牙周致病菌的分布规律。方法：应用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)直接检测龈下菌斑主要可疑致病菌16s RNA保守区域片段。40名受试者包括牙周病患者20人,每人同口取一个牙周病活动部位,一个相对健康或牙周病静止对照部位;成人健康者20人,每人各取一个标本。结果：龈下菌斑5种可疑牙周致病菌在牙周病活动部位的检出率牙龈卟啉菌为86％,福赛类杆菌为95％,螺旋体为86％,中间普氏菌和黑色普氏菌分别为95％和33％,均显著高于同口部位对照组和健康对照组。结论：PCR直接检测菌斑牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌、福赛类杆菌、齿密螺旋体及黑色普氏菌匀与牙周炎活动部位相关。     

肝硬化患者内毒素、T N F -α和N O 水平与 高动力循环状态的相关性研究

目的：观察肝硬化患者血流动力学变化情况及血浆内毒素（LPS）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和NO的水平并探讨之间相关关系。方法：试验检测血浆内毒素,双抗体夹心ELISA检测TNF-α,NO2^-／NO3^-测定采用硝酸还原法。并对CO、MAP、SVRI行同步观察。结果：健康组与肝硬化患者比较。失代偿组高动力循环状态特征明显。失代偿组、代偿组、健康组LPS、TNF-α、NO依次明显升高（P〈0．01）。血浆LPS与TNF-α和N0之间呈直线正相关。血浆NO水平与CO呈显著性正相关;与MAP、SVRI呈显著性负相关。结论：肝硬化患者血浆LPS、TNF-α、NO生成增多,NO在肝硬化血液动力学紊乱中起重要作用。     

218例糖尿病足合并牙周病患者临床相关指标分析

目的:本研究旨在调查糖尿病足的牙周病(PD)流行病学及其临床相关性。方法:选取2005年1月-2015年12月在本协作组医院就诊的4761例糖尿病患者作为研究对象,根据糖尿病足和牙周病的诊断标准筛查其中218例糖尿病足合并牙周病患者的临床资料。采用全自动生化分析仪检测患者血糖水平;采用放射免疫法检测患者血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)及高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平;采用全自动生化分析仪检测患者糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)含量;采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法检测患者血清25(OH)D水平;采用尿酸酶-过氧化物酶偶联法检测患者血尿酸(BUA)水平。结果:4761例糖尿病患者中,218例为糖尿病足伴牙周病(7.2%)。重度糖尿病足伴牙周病患者血糖、TC、TG、LDL、HDL、Hb Alc及BUA水平均高于轻度糖尿病足伴牙周病患者和中度糖尿病足伴牙周病患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);中度糖尿病足伴牙周病患者血糖、TC、TG、LDL、HDL、Hb Alc及BUA水平均高于轻度糖尿病足伴牙周病患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。重度糖尿病足伴牙周病患者血清25(OH)D水平低于轻度糖尿病足伴牙周病患者和中度糖尿病足伴牙周病患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);中度糖尿病足伴牙周病患者血清25(OH)D水平低于轻度糖尿病足伴牙周病患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:血糖、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)、血清25(OH)D及血尿酸(BUA)水平与糖尿病足伴牙周病的发生及发展密切相关。     

干旱与氧化胁迫对小麦根氧化还原状态和叶片ABA积累的影响

通过分析一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)和干旱胁迫对小麦根氧化还原状态和叶片脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)积累的影响,探讨了干旱胁迫下NO和H2O2调节ABA合成的可能机制。结果表明:干旱胁迫处理初期小麦根还原型谷胱甘肽含量降低、抗氧化酶活性发生振荡变化,细胞氧化还原状态向氧化型转变。NO和H2O2能模拟干旱胁迫的作用使细胞状态向氧化型转变,还可以使小麦叶片ABA积累量上升。干旱胁迫下NO和H2O2对ABA合成的调节作用可能是通过调节细胞氧化还原状态进行。     

一氧化氮对增强的UV_B胁迫下螺旋藻生物损伤的减缓作用

为了探讨一氧化氮对增强的UV-B胁迫下螺旋藻生物学特性的影响,通过色素含量、蛋白质含量和生物量3个方面的变化证实了0.5mmol/L的一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)供体硝普钠(Sodium nitroprusside,SNP)对增强UV-B胁迫下的螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)794细胞生物损伤有明显的减缓作用。实验结果显示,NO能够显著诱导增强的UV-B胁迫下螺旋藻细胞内蛋白质含量、脯氨酸含量的提高,促进正常生长条件下螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)794细胞内抗氧化物质GSH含量的增多,但外源NO又可以降低增强UV-B胁迫下螺旋藻细胞中GSH含量的增加。说明NO对增强UV-B胁迫下的螺旋藻794细胞有保护作用,可以减轻UV-B胁迫对螺旋藻(S.platensis)细胞引起的生物损伤。首次研究报道了增强UV-B胁迫下NO信号分子对蓝细菌———螺旋藻细胞生物损伤调节能力的影响,为进一步探讨NO信号及其与其它信号分子之间相互作用、相互关联来调节细胞的生理生化过程,以减缓UV-B胁迫下的生物损伤机理奠定了基础。     

Cd胁迫下SA和NO互作对小麦幼苗根生长和叶绿素含量的影响

以"陇春27"号水培小麦幼苗为研究材料,外源添加水杨酸（SA）、一氧化氮（NO）清除剂（carboxy-PTIO,c-PTIO）、NO供体硝普钠（SNP）、硝酸还原酶（NR）抑制剂钨酸盐（Tungstate）及NO合成酶（NOS）抑制剂（L-NAME）进行不同预处理,分析其在镉（Cd）胁迫下根的生长和叶片叶绿素含量的变化,探讨SA和NO互作对小麦幼苗Cd胁迫的缓解机制。结果表明：随着Cd处理时间的延长,小麦幼苗根中SA含量显著降低,NO含量则呈现先增加（6 h和12 h）后减少（24 h和48 h）的趋势;Cd胁迫抑制了小麦幼苗根的生长,减少了叶片叶绿素的含量,而一定浓度的SA或SNP预处理可以缓解Cd胁迫对小麦幼苗根长的抑制作用,增加叶绿素的含量。c-PTIO、L-NAME和Tungstate单独预处理显著抑制了小麦幼苗根的生长,减少了NO的含量,但不影响叶绿素含量。SA400+L-NAME预处理可以缓解Cd胁迫对小麦幼苗根长的抑制作用以及叶绿素和NO含量的减少作用;SA400+c-PTIO或SA400+Tungstate预处理可增加Cd胁迫下叶绿素的含量,但对根的伸长无影响。进一步研究发现,Cd胁迫抑制了NR的活性,而SA400预处理可以使Cd胁迫下NR的活性增强,不同处理对NOS的活性均无影响。综上所述,Cd胁迫导致小麦幼苗根内源SA含量降低和NO含量先升高再降低;外源添加SA或SNP预处理缓解了Cd胁迫对根生长的抑制和叶绿素含量降低的作用;外源SA通过影响NO的产生从而提高小麦幼苗对Cd胁迫的耐受性,最终缓解了Cd对小麦幼苗的毒害作用。     

NO对小麦叶片干旱诱导膜脂过氧化的调节效应

分析了一氧化氮(NO)对小麦(Triticum aestivum L．)叶片干旱诱导膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明：不同浓度NO均能使干旱胁迫下小麦叶片的相对含水量先降后升,而：MDA含量先升后降,O2-释放速率下降,SOD活性升高,POD活性降低;同时,NO可以提高脯氨酸含量。这些结果表明NO提高了小麦叶片的抗氧化能力,降低了干旱胁迫诱导的膜脂过氧化损伤。     

光照和温度对氮饥饿及饱和营养条件下石莼(Ulva lactuca)的硝态氮吸收动力学影响

为探讨海藻养分吸收能力并以高效养分过滤器筛选为目标,以N饥饿和N饱和的石莼为材料,研究了3种光照及温度因子及其交互作用对不同N素营养限制状态下石莼NO3-吸收动力学特征的影响。结果表明:N饱和条件下,随着光照的增强,石莼对NO3-的最大吸收速率也增加;30℃条件下,光照强度的增加虽然使得其最大吸收速率提高,但Vmax/Km在中等光强下最大;20℃最有利于石莼对NO3-的吸收。N饥饿条件下,石莼对NO3-的吸收速率显著大于非饥饿状态。在10℃和20℃条件下,呈现与N饱和条件下相似的规律,但在30℃条件下,中等光强石莼对NO3-的最大吸收速率最高。在10℃和20℃条件下,增加光强促进石莼对NO3-的吸收,但30℃条件下光强的增加并未起到促进作用。饥饿状态下的石莼的NO3-吸收速率较高,当石莼吸收NO3-饱和时,依然可以以较低的速率继续吸收环境中的NO3-。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌毛FimA基因型在牙周病患者中的分布情况

目的：探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌FimA基因型在牙周患者的分布情况。方法：采用PCR技术对40例牙周患者龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌及其基因型进行检测。结果：牙龈卟啉单胞菌在牙周患者的牙周袋内检出率为87．5％,牙龈卟啉单胞菌FimA各基因型在牙龈卟啉单胞菌携带者的检出率分别为：I型22．9％,Ⅱ型60．0％,Ⅲ型17．1％,Ⅳ37．1％．V型未检出;基因I型在牙周袋内未单独检出,与基因Ⅱ型混合感染。结论：牙龈卟啉单胞菌FimA基因Ⅱ型和Ⅵ型是牙龈卟啉单胞菌在牙周病损部位的主要定植菌,两基因型可能与牙周病的发生发展有关。     

Global Metabolomic Analysis of Human Saliva and Plasma from Healthy and Diabetic Subjects,with and without Periodontal Disease

Recent studies suggest that periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus are bi-directionally associated. Identification of a molecular signature for periodontitis using unbiased metabolic profiling could allow identification of biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of both diabetes and periodontal disease. This cross-sectional study identified plasma and salivary metabolic products associated with periodontitis and/or diabetes in order to discover biomarkers that may differentiate or demonstrate an interaction of these diseases. Saliva and plasma samples were analyzed from 161 diabetic and non-diabetic human subjects with a healthy periodontium, gingivitis and periodontitis. Metabolite profiling was performed using Metabolon''s platform technology. A total of 772 metabolites were found in plasma and 475 in saliva. Diabetics had significantly higher levels of glucose and α-hydroxybutyrate, the established markers of diabetes, for all periodontal groups of subjects. Comparison of healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis saliva samples within the non-diabetic group confirmed findings from previous studies that included increased levels of markers of cellular energetic stress, increased purine degradation and glutathione metabolism through increased levels of oxidized glutathione and cysteine-glutathione disulfide, markers of oxidative stress, including increased purine degradation metabolites (e.g. guanosine and inosine), increased amino acid levels suggesting protein degradation, and increased ω-3 (docosapentaenoate) and ω-6 fatty acid (linoleate and arachidonate) signatures. Differences in saliva between diabetic and non-diabetic cohorts showed altered signatures of carbohydrate, lipid and oxidative stress exist in the diabetic samples. Global untargeted metabolic profiling of human saliva in diabetics replicated the metabolite signature of periodontal disease progression in non-diabetic patients and revealed unique metabolic signatures associated with periodontal disease in diabetics. The metabolites identified in this study that discriminated the periodontal groups may be useful for developing diagnostics and therapeutics tailored to the diabetic population.     

The Prevalence of Canine Oral Protozoa and Their Association with Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease is one of the most important health concerns for companion animals. Research into canine forms of periodontitis has focused on the identification and characterization of the bacterial communities present. However, other microorganisms are known to inhabit the oral cavity and could also influence the disease process. A novel, broad spectrum 18S PCR was developed and used, in conjunction with next‐generation sequencing analyses to target the identification of protists. Trichomonas sp. and Entamoeba sp. were identified from 92 samples of canine plaque. The overall prevalence of trichomonads was 56.52% (52/92) and entamoebae was 4.34% (4/92). Next‐generation sequencing of pooled healthy, gingivitis, early‐stage periodontitis, and severe periodontitis samples revealed the proportion of trichomonad sequences to be 3.51% (health), 2.84% (gingivitis), 6.07% (early periodontitis), and 35.04% (severe periodontitis), respectively, and entamoebae to be 0.01% (health), 0.01% (gingivitis), 0.80% (early‐stage periodontitis), and 7.91% (severe periodontitis) respectively. Both genera of protists were statistically associated with plaque from dogs with periodontal disease. These findings provide the first conclusive evidence for the presence of oral protozoa in dog plaque and suggest a possible role for protozoa in the periodontal disease process.     

Correlation of MCP-4 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a marker of inflammation in obesity and chronic periodontitis

ObjectivesObesity is increasing in prevalence worldwide and has emerged as a strong risk factor for periodontal disease. Conversely, the remote effects of periodontal disease on various systemic diseases have been proposed. The aim of this study is to determine the presence of MCP-4 and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in obese and non-obese subjects with chronic periodontitis and to find a correlation between MCP-4 and hsCRP in GCF and serum.Materials and methodsForty subjects (20 males and 20 females) were selected and divided into four groups (10 subjects in each group), based on clinical parameters: group NOH (non-obese healthy), group OH (obese healthy), Group NOCP (non-obese with chronic periodontitis) and group OCP (obese with chronic periodontitis). The levels of serum and GCF MCP-4 were determined by ELISA and hsCRP levels were determined by immunoturbidimetry method.ResultsThe mean GCF and serum concentration of MCP-4 was highest for group OCP followed by group NOCP, group OH (in GCF); group OH, group NOCP(in serum) and least in group NOH. The mean hsCRP concentration was highest for group OCP followed by group OH, group NOCP and group NOH. A significant positive correlation was found between serum and GCF MCP-4 and hsCRP levels.ConclusionGCF MCP-4 concentrations increased in periodontal disease compared to health and correlated positively with the severity of disease indicating it as a novel marker of periodontal disease. The serum concentration of MCP-4 was found to be more in obese group as compared to nonobese group indicating it as a marker of obesity. Furthermore, based on the positive correlation of MCP-4 and hsCRP found in this study, it can be proposed that MCP-4 and hsCRP may be the markers linking chronic inflammation in obesity and periodontal disease.     

Periodontal Disease and Aging

Periodontitis is a chronic disease of humans and animals which becomes more prevalent and severe with increasing age. The prevalent interpretation of the strong correlation between periodontal disease and age is that age merely occurs simultaneously during the extended time that irreversible loss of tooth support results from the accumulative effects of plaque and calculus. In both animals and humans, changes in the periodontium occur with age and are similar to those seen in the same type of tissues elsewhere in the body. To date, it is not clear to what extent these aging changes affect the response of the periodontium to local irritants. At all ages, periodontitis is more severe in mouths with abundant debris and calculus. However, even when these accumulations are minimal, periodontitis becomes more severe with age. Yet, not all elderly, and especially not all teeth in the elderly, suffer from destructive periodontal disease. The periodontium of old animals and humans retains the ability to respond adequately to changes in occlusal forces and to wounding, but the response is delayed in onset and duration. As well, the elderly are likely to suffer from other chronic diseases which may affect the periodontium and its therapy.     

Is Periodontitis a Disease of the Aged?

Periodontitis has been and still is considered a disease of the elderly. The periodontal reaction to microbial injury is a typical immune reaction. Since the immune systems of youth, adults and “elderly” differ, reactions to injury must also differ, suggesting that destructive periodontitis may differ from one age group to another. More data is necessary to adequately answer the question of the relationship between age and periodontal diseases.     

实验性牙周炎合并咬合创伤模型的研究进展

不正常的咬合接触关系或者过大的咬合力,造成咀嚼系统各部位的病理性损害或者适应性变化称为咬合创伤,而牙周炎是一种慢性炎症性疾病,是由牙菌斑生物膜引起的牙周组织的感染性疾病,导致牙周支持组织的破坏-牙周袋形成和炎症、进行性的附着丧失和牙槽骨吸收。近年来有学者对咬合创伤作为一类独立疾病进行研究,也有学者将咬合创伤作为牙周炎的一个重要的局部促进因素进行研究。牙周炎和咬合创伤的关系至今不是很明确,关于咬合创伤和牙周炎的相互关系,虽然早在20世纪初已开始研究,却直到70年代才有严格对照的动物实验研究。大鼠牙周炎合并咬合创伤的模型在牙周炎和咬合创伤关系的相关研究中起着十分重要的作用。本文从牙周炎和咬合创伤复合模型的建立方面,综述了各种建模方法的研究进展,以期为牙周炎合并咬合创伤的深入研究提供参考。     

Detection rates of periodontal bacteria and herpesviruses in different forms of periodontal disease

The aim was to investigate the detection rates of periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) and herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus-1 [HSV-1], cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]) in different forms and severity of periodontal disease, and to compare them with those in periodontally healthy subjects. One hundred and twenty-nine patients participated in the study: 39 diagnosed with periodontal abscess (PA), 33 with necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP), 27 with chronic periodontitis (CP), and 30 participants with healthy periodontal tissue represented a healthy control group. All patients with periodontal disease (PA, NUP, and CP) were also divided into two groups according to the severity of their disease: moderate and severe periodontitis. The subgingival samples were collected from the periodontitis active sites and the detection of microorganisms was performed by end-point polymerase chain reaction analyses. The results revealed significantly higher detection rates of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and P. intermedia in all three groups of patients with periodontitis than in healthy participants. The highest detection rate of A. actinomycetemcomitans was noticed in CP, which was significantly higher than that in PA, NUP, and healthy control. The occurrence of EBV was significantly higher in NUP than in CP and healthy participants. CMV was detected significantly more frequently in PA and NUP than in CP and healthy participants. Comparisons among healthy participants and patients with moderate and severe periodontitis showed significantly higher detection rates of EBV and CMV in patients with severe forms of periodontitis than in healthy participants and those with moderate periodontitis.     

Periodontal disease in a Portuguese identified skeletal sample from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

Periodontal status was investigated in 600 adult dentitions belonging to the identified osteological collections curated at the University of Coimbra, Portugal. These collections date to a point temporally intermediate between the large epidemiological studies of the 20th century and archaeological collections that antedate the 19th century. The aim of this study is to compare periodontal data derived from contemporary samples with statistics compiled from epidemiological studies to determine if factors such as age-at-death, sex, and tooth type are essential or not to account for in future archaeological studies of periodontitis. Periodontal disease status was assessed based on the textural and architectural variations of the interdental septum and the extent of bone loss. Overall, the frequency of periodontitis within the Coimbra collections is 73.8%. Men were more susceptible to periodontal disease than women. Gingivitis was widespread in the younger age groups. Destructive periodontitis was observed early in adulthood, rising steadily with age. The most susceptible sites to periodontal breakdown were located in the posterior region of the upper jaw. Some variation in reported frequencies of periodontitis was found in epidemiological reports, which might result from variation in methods for identifying the pathology, differences in the age composition of the samples examined, variation in oral hygiene and/or diet, or some other factors. Regarding the pattern of distribution of periodontal disease, Coimbra results were similar to comparable modern epidemiological surveys, making clear the importance of considering sex, age, and oral distribution of periodontitis in future archaeological studies.     

Periodontitis in Cardiovascular Disease Patients with or without Marfan Syndrome -A Possible Role of Prevotella intermedia-

Background

Although periodontitis is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the influence of periodontitis on Marfan syndrome (MFS) with CVD is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between periodontal bacterial burden and MSF with CVD.

Methods and Results

The subjects were patients with MFS with CVD (n = 47); age and gender matched non-MFS CVD patients (n = 48) were employed as controls. Full-mouth clinical measurements, including number of teeth, probing of pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and community periodontal index (CPI) were recorded. We also evaluated the existence of three periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella intermedia using polymerase chain reaction assays. Serum antibody titers against the pathogens were also measured. We revealed that MFS with CVD patients had periodontitis more frequently than the age and gender matched non-MFS CVD control subjects. MFS with CVD patients had significantly severer periodontitis, fewer remaining teeth and deeper PD compared to the non-MFS CVD controls. Furthermore, the serum antibody titer level against Prevotella intermedia was significantly lower in MFS plus CVD patients compared to the non-MFS CVD patients.

Conclusion

Periodontitis may influence the pathophysiology of cardiovascular complications in MFS patients. A specific periodontal pathogen might be a crucial therapeutic target to prevent CVD development.     

Haplotypes in the Interleukin 8 Gene and Their Association with Chronic Periodontitis Susceptibility

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), which is responsible for the migration and activation of neutrophils, is an important inflammatory mediator involved in the initiation and amplification of acute inflammatory reactions and chronic inflammatory processes. IL-8 plays an important role in periodontitis, an inflammatory disease characterized by the loss of connective tissue and alveolar bone. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the SNPs rs2227307 (+396) and rs2227306 (+781), and the haplotypes they formed together with the previously investigated rs4073 (-251), were associated with chronic periodontitis susceptibility. Clinical periodontal exams were performed and DNA samples were collected from 493 individuals (223 with periodontitis and 270 controls). Associations between SNPs, haplotypes, and subject phenotypes were analyzed using the χ(2) test followed by multivariate logistic regression modeling. We conclude that the +396TT genotype and the haplotypes ATC/TTC and AGT/TGC were significantly associated with chronic periodontitis susceptibility in Brazilians.