常规染色与特殊染色相结合的多种肌组织混合切片的制作

目的探索一种结合常规染色与特殊染色的多种肌组织混合切片的制作方法。方法取实验动物狗的平滑肌、心肌、骨骼肌。所有组织均采取单一包埋制作蜡块。另取心肌组织块,制作显示心肌闰盘的特殊块染标本的蜡块。将四种蜡块切片的蜡带进行组合粘片,同时粘在一张载玻片上。对除心肌闰盘外的三种肌组织切片进行苏木素伊红染色。再将所有切片浸入二甲苯,最后共同封片。结果获得常规染色与特殊染色相结合的多种肌组织混合切片。可在一张混合切片上分别观察到平滑肌、心肌、骨骼肌、心肌闰盘四种结构。不同标本的形态结构保存完好,对比非常清晰。结论采取单一包埋与不同蜡带的组合粘片法,过程简单,操作容易,适合制作常规染色与特殊染色相结合的多种肌组织混合切片。     

不同因素对包埋质量的影响

目的 改良包埋操作细节,以期提升包埋质量。方法 比较采用不同包埋模具温度、不同第一次注蜡量、冷台添加水与否、不同加盖包埋底盒方式、不同二次注蜡角度在组织包埋合格率、撬出蜡块甲级率、HE切片组织结构完整性、细胞显示效果、免疫组织化学染色效果的差异。结果 通过预热包埋模具至70℃、减少第一次注蜡量、在冷台上加入少量的水、待模具侧壁的石蜡稍凝固后再加盖包埋底盒、二次注蜡时将包埋模具连同包埋盒倾斜10°～25°等条件可显著提高包埋合格率、蜡块质量甲级率、切片组织结构完整性、细胞显示效果和免疫组化染色优良率。结论 通过在包埋过程中延缓或加速石蜡凝固,控制注蜡量、调整注蜡角度等可显著提升包埋质量。     

三种不同脂肪染色方法的比较

目的探讨碳蜡(聚乙二醇)包埋技术、冰冻切片及饿酸染色在脂肪染色中的应用,综合比较几种方法的优缺点,以便在病理工作及科研工作中能找到更适合的脂肪染色方法。方法取新鲜脂肪组织及肝组织,每份标本各取3块组织,分为A、B、C三组:A组和B组标本分别进行碳蜡包埋切片和常规冰冻切片,油红O法染色;C组以饿酸浸染组织块后进行石蜡包埋切片及眦复染。结果 A组切片脂肪滴呈红色,细胞核呈蓝色;B组切片脂肪滴呈红色,细胞核呈蓝色;C组切片脂肪滴呈黑色。结论饿酸染色和碳蜡包埋技术在脂肪染色中,具有冰冻切片和石蜡切片的优点,弥补了常规冰冻切片脂肪染色的缺点和局限性,在病理检验及科研中具有一定应用价值。     

碱性磷酸酶钙-钴法染色的不同包埋方法比较

目的探讨石蜡切片、冰冻切片及碳蜡(聚乙二醇)包埋切片在碱性磷酸酶染色中的应用,综合分析几种组织处理方法的优缺点,以便在病理诊断及科研工作中能找到更适合的碱性磷酸酶染色方法。方法取新鲜乳腺组织及肝组织,每份标本各取3块组织,根据包埋方法的不同,分为3组:石蜡切片碱性磷酸酶染色、冰冻切片碱性磷酸酶染色、碳蜡包埋切片碱性磷酸酶染色。结果 3组切片均可见黑色碱性磷酸酶的存在,其中肝组织内显示碱性磷酸酶呈黑色,沿胆小管分布;乳腺组织内显示碱性磷酸酶呈黑色沉淀弥漫分布于乳腺间质中。结论碳蜡包埋切片在碱性磷酸酶染色中,具有冰冻切片和石蜡切片的优点,并弥补了常规冰冻切片和石蜡切片染色的缺点和局限性,在病理诊断及科研工作中具有一定的应用价值。     

不同处理方式及试剂盒对石蜡包埋组织提取DNA影响

目的:比较石蜡包埋组织三种不同的前处理方式用不同试剂盒提取DNA效果,以期达到能根据各自实验室条件差异,选择合适的样本处理方式及相应的试剂盒,获得高质量DNA。方法:在提取DNA前,对石蜡块包埋的组织分别进行三种前处理,形成三种组织形式:切片机连续切片,手动刮取石蜡组织块后获得手刮片和切片后烤片制成的玻片,用Qiagen和Tiangen试剂盒提取DNA,并用琼脂糖电泳,PCR扩增和测序进行鉴定。结论:如果样本是玻片形式的石蜡包埋组织,可以选择改良过的Qiagen试剂盒提取DNA;样本如果是石蜡块包埋的组织,有切片机的,切片之后用Tiangen试剂盒提取DNA;而没有切片机的实验室可以选择用刀片刮取石蜡块组织,用Tiangen试剂盒提取DNA。     

利用恒冷切片机制作肾穿石蜡切片的简易方法

我们在日常工作中,经常会接收到肾穿标本,由于病理诊断的特殊要求,组织切片的厚度只有达到2一3微米才能满足诊断的需要,而且标本取材不易,数量极其有限,肾组织除了要经过特殊慢脱水处理外,在切片之前,蜡块必须要在冰箱里冷却。在切片过程中,还需冰块冷却．在达到适宜温度下,才能切成一张完整切片。过去这种方法,受外界环境温度影响很大．温度的高低都直接影响切片的薄厚,质量和数量,既麻烦又费时效果不理想。为了弥补这一缺陷,我们改用恒冷切片机切制肾穿石蜡切片．根据切片机能随意调节温度而可恒定的特点,首先把蜡块修切整…     

一种用于DAPI染色的方法--Steedman's wax包埋切片法

以植物的胚珠和子房为实验材料,介绍一种用Steedman's wax 包埋对组织切片中的细胞核进行DAPI染色的方法.Steedman's wax 作为一种低熔点多酯蜡,具有与石蜡相似的性质,切片方法同常规石蜡切片,适合于切成厚度大于5 μm的连续切片.Steedman's wax包埋的切片能成功地进行DAPI染色.与用压片法和Technovit 7100或GMA包埋切片法进行的DAPI染色相比,用Steedman's wax 包埋切片法进行的DAPI染色具有廉价、操作简便、可进行连续切片、图象清晰等优点,特别在植物细胞程序化死亡(PCD)的研究中及细胞核DNA含量测定方面,有着较大的应用价值和潜能.     

一种用于DAPI染色的方法Steedman＇s wax包埋切片法

以植物的胚珠和子房为实验材料,介绍一种用Steedrnan‘s wax包埋对组织切片中的细胞核进行DAPI染色的方法。Steedrnan‘s wax作为一种低熔点多酯蜡,具有与石蜡相似的性质,切片方法同常规石蜡切片,适合于切成厚度大于5μm的连续切片。Steedrnan‘s wax包埋的切片能成功地进行DAPI染色。与用压片法和Technovit 7100或GMA包埋切片法进行的DAPI染色相比,用Steedrnan‘s wax包埋切片法进行的DAPI染色具有廉价、操作简便、可进行连续切片、图象清晰等优点,特别在植物细胞程序化死亡(PCD)的研究中及细胞核DNA含量测定方面,有着较大的应用价值和潜能。     

一种重包埋方法的应用

目前普遍使用的简单定向方法,是先在包埋对使样品定向,以后再将聚合好的包埋块切一张大面积的1—2微米的厚切片,经光学显微镜检查找出所需要的部位,做好标记,然后对照厚切片修整样品再作超薄切片。Grimley 曾报道一种简单的重包埋方法,将包埋的组织块简单地切成一张1—8微米的厚片,贴在盖玻片上染色后,在光学显微镜下找出需要进行电镜观察的部位,标上记     

淋巴组织H.E染色"发灰"现象的纠正方法

在常规病理制片技术工作中 ,经常发现淋巴组织 (如淋巴结、鼻咽部组织及扁桃体等 )由于处理不当 ,造成切片染色后组织中间出现发灰现象 ,即镜下核浆染色模糊不清或组织成片不着色。这样将给临床病理诊断带来很大困难。为此 ,我们经大量实验 ,对原组织蜡块再切片后采用下述方法进行处理 ,收到了较好的染色效果。材料和方法1.标本来源 :选取 2 5例 H.E染色切片发灰的淋巴组织原蜡块再进行切片 ,切片厚 5μm。2 .切片的处理方法 :(1)将原蜡块所制切片浸入二甲苯 、 脱蜡各 5 min;(2 )无水酒精 、 浸洗各 2 min;(2 )用无水酒精乙醚等量 (1∶…     

Double Embedding Broad Thin Leaves in Paraffin

Paraffin pellets were melted in 24 × 24 × 5 mm stainless steel base molds. Specimens of leaves, 18 × 18 mm, were fixed, dehydrated and infiltrated with paraffin. Two specimens were transferred into molten paraffin on their laminar surfaces in a base mold and moved quickly onto a cold surface to cast them in a shallow block of paraffin. Each block was then scored with a razor blade, broken into two primary blocks, and trimmed to 20 × 9 mm with 5 mm flat edges. Each primary block was immersed upright on its long edge in a 22 × 22 × 20 mm Peel-A-Way® embedding mold containing molten paraffin. The leaf edge was held centrally in the mold while moving the double embedment onto a cold surface. In this secondary block, the leaf specimen stood perpendicular to the sectioning surface in perfect orientation for transverse ribbon sectioning. The two phases of paraffin bonded well.     

石蜡切片法中细长或薄片状材料的包埋

石蜡切片法制作细长或薄片状生物材料的横切面切片时,可进行下列简便而有效的石蜡包埋方法：先在包埋纸盒底部倒上少许熔蜡,形成约1mm厚的软蜡层;待软蜡层凝固前,再向纸盒中倒满熔蜡,然后迅速将渗好蜡的材料直立地放入熔蜡中,并将材料轻压在纸盒底部的软蜡层上。     

常规石蜡切片方法的改良

针对传统石蜡切片方法中的缺陷,对制片方法进行了相应的改良。总结了切片制作过程中可能存在的问题以及处理对策;提出了一些能缩短实验周期,解决实验有毒物质二甲苯污染的方案。结合教学实践发现改良方案有助于提高石蜡切片的质量。     

Serial Sectioning of Insects with Hard Exoskeleton by Dissolution of the Exocuticle

The method reported here was designed to produce paraffin serial sections as thin as 5 Mm of insects or other arthropods with a hard cuticle. Heads and abdomens of Apis mellifera, Eristalomyia tenax and Tenebrio molitor were fixed with Schaffer's liquid, dehydrated with 80% ethanol, 90% ethanol, two changes of 100% isopropanol (2 hr each) and 12 hr in a 1:1 mixture of paraffin (58 C melting point) at 60 C. They were molded in paraffin after 12 hr of infiltration under a partial vacuum at 60 C. Large body openings of objects were sealed with paraffin to prevent infiltration of solvents.

Thereafter, the outer paraffin was removed manually and with xylene (15 min); the cuticle was rehydrated with 100% isopropanol and 100% ethanol (15 min each). The objects were then treated with Sputofluol (Merck; a mixture of NaOH and NaCIO) until they became white or their colorless endocuticle was stainable with aniline blue WS (C.I. 42755) after rinsing in a 50% acetic acid solution (v/v). They were then dehydrated with 100% ethanol and 100% isopropanol (15 min each) and subsequently re-embedded in paraffin. They were molded, sectioned, stained and mounted as usual.     

植物材料快速石蜡制片方法

真空干燥箱已越来越广泛地应用于现代生物学研究领域。该文利用真空干燥箱温度和负压的可控制性能,将固定、脱水、透明和石蜡渗透等过程在真空干燥箱中进行,建立起一套可行的植物组织快速石蜡制片方法。结果显示,真空干燥箱的应用加速了多种试剂的渗透速率,提高了切片质量,达到了优化实验步骤、节省实验时间和减少室内有毒化学气体污染的目的。     

石蜡切片贴片法的改良

传统的石蜡切片贴片操作费时,而且效果不太理想。作者经过多次摸索试验,对其进行了改良,取得了良好的效果。     

Comparison of fine needle aspiration biopsy and paraffin embedded tissue sections for measuring AgNOR proteins

Abstract

Paraffin embedded tissue sections and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) are important methods for diagnosis. We compared thyroid tissue obtained by FNAB to paraffin embedded sections to determine whether there were differences in detection of the amounts of argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region (AgNOR) proteins. Twenty-two patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were included in the study. Slides were prepared with both FNAB tissue and 3 μm sections of paraffin embedded tissue, and stained for AgNOR. One hundred nuclei per individual were evaluated; total AgNOR number/nucleus (TAn/TNn) and total AgNOR area/nuclear area (TAa/TNa) of individual cells were determined. Mean TAn/TNn and TAa/TNa values were 4.800 ± 1.118 and 13.382 ± 2.612, respectively, for FNAB samples; corresponding values were 2.406 ± 0.649 and 8.49 ± 0.893, respectively, for paraffin embedded sections. The differences between FNAB materials and paraffin embedded tissue sections were significant for the mean TAn/TNn and TAa/TNa values. Significant differences in the amounts of AgNOR protein detected were found between FNAB and paraffin embedded tissue sections.     

Suitability of Different Protein A-Gold Markers for Immunogold-Silver Staining in Paraffin Sections

An incubation protocol to immunolabel Lowicryl semithin sections was applied to paraffin probes. To improve the labeling density, colloidal gold complexes of different preparations and sizes were compared. The type of colloidal gold preparation used was found to affect the specificity of the immunostaining. Gold colloid of 5 nm diameter particle size prepared with white phosphorus minimized nonspecific background labeling of β-casein in paraffin embedded sections of the mammary epithelium of pregnant mice. Gold colloids of 5 nm and 9 nm diameter particle size prepared in varying concentrations of tannic acid generated significant nonspecific staining in similar tissue preparations.     

Suitability of Different Protein A-Gold Markers for Immunogold-Silver Staining in Paraffin Sections

An incubation protocol to immunolabel Lowicryl semithin sections was applied to paraffin probes. To improve the labeling density, colloidal gold complexes of different preparations and sizes were compared. The type of colloidal gold preparation used was found to affect the specificity of the immunostaining. Gold colloid of 5 nm diameter particle size prepared with white phosphorus minimized nonspecific background labeling of β-casein in paraffin embedded sections of the mammary epithelium of pregnant mice. Gold colloids of 5 nm and 9 nm diameter particle size prepared in varying concentrations of tannic acid generated significant nonspecific staining in similar tissue preparations.     

乙醇和液体石蜡对早期小鼠胚胎体外发育的影响

哺乳动物早期胚胎体外培养技术是研究早期胚胎发育和胚胎工程的基本手段。目前最常用的方法是采用液体石蜡覆盖的液滴培养法。该方法中所用液体石蜡和ＣＯ２质量的好坏对体外培养胚胎的发育有严重影响。本文就此对几种中国产液体石蜡和含气体乙醇的ＣＯ２作为胚胎体外培养条件对胚胎发育的影响进行了研究。取成熟小鼠受精后的２细胞和８细胞胚胎分别用于两组实验。一、不同品牌液体石蜡对胚胎发育的影响。体外培养采用液体石蜡覆盖液滴培养法。所用液体石蜡均经过水洗。ＣＯ２为经过一次水滤的工厂粗制品,其乙醇含量经气相色谱仪测定约为０．１８％。二、不同浓度乙醇对胚胎发育的影响。采用试管培养法,采用乙醇浓度不同的培养液。表１为五个不同厂家的液体石蜡对早期胚胎体外培养的影响。其中,Ⅰ、Ⅱ（上海、北京）号两种产品符合胚胎体外培养的要求,可使２细胞后期胚胎发育到囊胚的比率达到９２％以上,对细胞没有毒害作用（图１Ａ和图２Ａ、Ｂ）。其余,则不符合要求,对细胞有毒害作用（图１Ｂ）,甚至用无水乙醇和水先后各洗涤３至４遍,亦无改善。由于影响液体石蜡质量的硝基萘可溶于乙醇而被清除,说明这些不合格的液体石蜡中可能还含有其它对胚胎发育有毒害作用的未知因素,有待进一步查明