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1.
Hayashi Ryuzo; Morikawa Hiromichi; Nakajima Norihiko; Ichikawa Yoshiaki; Senda Mitsugi 《Plant & cell physiology》1980,21(6):999-1005
Polarized infrared absorption spectra of film specimens of theepidermal cell wall of the third internode of pea stems wererecorded before and after treatment with endopolygalacturonase(endo-PG) and endo-pectin lyase (endo-PL). The spectra showedthat the pectic polysaccharides solubilized with endo-PG wereessentially the same as those solubilized with endo-PL. Thedegree of esterification of the pectic polysaccharides was about20%, and their major sugar components were uronic acids (32.8%),arabinose (48.1%) and galactose (19.2%). The polarized infraredspectra showed that pectic polysaccharides have an orientedstructure in cell walls with their molecular chains orientedpreferentially parallel to the direction of cell elongation.
1Present address: Research and Development, Kanzaki Paper Mfg.Co., Ltd., Amagasaki, Hyogo 660, Japan.
2Present address: Wakayama Research Laboratories, Kao Soap Co.,Ltd., Wakayama 640-91, Japan. (Received June 28, 1980; ) 相似文献
2.
The Effect of pH on the Binding of Calcium to Pea Epicotyl Cell Walls and its Implications for the Control of Cell Extension 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cell walls were prepared from the epicotyls of dark-grown pea(Pisum sativum L.) seedlings. The walls were found to bind externally-added45Ca2+, with a binding constant of 4 ? 104 mol dm3and a maximum capacity of 1.5 ? 108 g-ions of Ca2+ perg fresh weight of epicotyl. The binding capacity decreased asthe pH of the medium was decreased below 6.0, suggesting thatthe calcium was bound by an anionic group with an apparent pKof 4.7. More than half the calcium binding was due to polygalacturonicacid in the wall, since up to 60% of the calcium binding capacitywas removed by pre-incubation of the cell walls with polygalacturonase(E.C.3.2.1.15). Only small decreases in calcium binding wereseen following pre-incubation with protease, nucleases, phospholipaseand hemicellulase. These results indicate that calcium willbe displaced from the cell wall at hydrogen ion concentrationswhich are known to occur in the wall during wall extension.They are consistent with a mechanism by which calcium inhibitswall extension by forming ionic bridges between polygalacturonicacid molecules, and also with the hypothesis that calcium andhydrogen ions exert opposing influences on cell wall extensionby competing for the same binding sites on the polygalacturonicacid. Key words: Pea epicotyl, Cell wall, Calcium, pH 相似文献
3.
Cytokinins in both free pool and tRNAs have been identifiedand quantified in the unfertilized cone, fertilized cone, seed,cotyledon, epicotyl and root of the hop plant (Humulus lupulusL. cv. Shinshu-wase) on the basis of combined gas chromatography-massspectrometry and combined gas chromatography-selected ion currentmonitoring analysis. Based on the quantitative comparison betweenfree pool cytokinins and tRNA cytokinins, it is suggested thatribosyl-cis-zeatin and ribosyl-2-methylthiozeatin might be derivedfrom tRNA catabolism and that the level of ribosyl-trans-zeatinmight be controled independently of the tRNA catabolism.
1 Present address: Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yoshini-cho,Omiya-shi, Saitama 330, Japan. (Received December 1, 1981; Accepted February 9, 1982) 相似文献
4.
Properties and Possible Physiological Significance of Cell Wall Calcium Binding in Etiolated Pea Epicotyls 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Baydoun, E. A-H. and Brett, C. T. 1988. Properties and possiblephysiological significance of cell wall calcium binding in etiolatedpea epicotyls.J. exp. Bot. 39: 199208. The binding of 45Ca2+ ions to cell walls prepared from pea epicotylswas examined in young and old parts of the epicotyl, and wasfound to be considerably greater, on a carbohydrate basis, inthe older, non-growing cells. A similar comparison between light-and dark-grown stems showed greater binding in the dark-grownstems. The polygalacturonase-insensitive component of the bindingcontained at least three types of binding with different affinities,and had an apparent pK of 4.3. The specificity of the bindingfor calcium ions was examined and a considerable degree of specificitywas observed. The specificity of inhibition by calcium of epicotylelongation was similar to the specificity of calcium binding.A specific calcium chelator, EGTA, when present at a concentrationof above 10 mol m3, promoted the extension of matureregions of the epicotyl, while inhibiting extension of youngertissue. Key words: Cell wall, calcium, pea epicotyl 相似文献
5.
Seki Hikaru; Ichinose Yuki; Ito Masayuki; Shiraishi Tomonori; Yamada Tetsuji 《Plant & cell physiology》1997,38(1):96-100
Promoter of a gene encoding chalcone synthase 1 (PSCHS1), amember of the defense-related genes in pea, was analyzed bytransient transfection assay. The results demonstrated thatin addition to the previously identified AT-rich sequences,at least four distinct cis-acting elements were required formaximal fungal elicitor-mediated activation of PSCHS1.
2Present address: Hikone Reserch Laboratories, Maruho Co. Ltd.,2763, Takamiya-cho, Hikone, Shiga, 522-02 Japan. 相似文献
6.
Raghavendra Agepati S.; Carrillo Nestor J.; Vallejos Ruben H. 《Plant & cell physiology》1981,22(6):1113-1117
The carboxylase activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP)carboxylase/oxygenase released from freshly ruptured spinachchloroplasts was stimulated preferentially by Mg2+ while oxygenaseactivity was higher with Mn2+. Only Mg2+ could reactivate eitheractivity of desalted enzyme. The results suggest that carboxylaseand oxygenase activities of RuBP craboxylase/oxygenase can bemodulated selectively by Mg2+ or Mn2+.
1 Present address: Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University,Tirupati 517 502, India. (Received March 5, 1981; Accepted June 26, 1981) 相似文献
7.
Reddy A.S.N.; Koshiba Tomokazu; Theologis Athanasios; Poovaiah B. W. 《Plant & cell physiology》1988,29(7):1165-1170
Calcium has been implicated in various regulatory roles in plantcells including auxin-induced cell elongation. Treatment ofpea epicotyl segments with the calcium chelators, EGTA and chlorotetracycline(CTC), the calcium ionophore, A23187
[GenBank]
, and channel blocker, D-600,inhibits auxin-induced cell elongation. Depletion of tissuecalcium either by EGTA or EGTA and a calcium ionophore doesnot interfere with the induction of the early auxin induciblemRNAs pIAA4/5 and pIAA6. Similarly, an increase in cytosoliccalcium with calcium and calcium ionophore neither induces thehormonally regulated mRNAs nor interferes with their inductionby auxin. The calcium channel blocker, D-600, is without effecton the auxin-regulated mRNA induction. The results indicatethat calcium is not involved in the rapid induction of IAA4/5and IAA6 genes in pea tissue. However, a possible role for calciumin the translation of these mRNAs, or in the expression of otherauxin-regulated genes, is not excluded.
3Present Address: Department of Biology, Tokyo MetropolitanUniversity, Tokyo, Japan. (Received April 8, 1988; Accepted July 30, 1988) 相似文献
8.
A new L-amlnolactam-hydrolyzing enzyme was partially purifiedfrom cells of Cryptococcus laurentii which can grow on L-aminolactamas a carbon and nitrogen source. The enzyme required a bivalentmetal ion, such as Mn2+ or Mg2+, and its molecular weight wasroughly estimated to be 1.5?105 Some other properties were alsostudied.
1 Present address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,Osaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558, Japan. (Received June 20, 1977; ) 相似文献
9.
Ogawa Noriyuki; Yabuta Naohiro; Ueno Yoshihisa; Izui Katsura 《Plant & cell physiology》1998,39(10):1010-1019
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) [EC 4.1.1.31
[EC]
] of plantsundergoes regulatory phosphorylation in response to light ornutritional conditions. However, the nature of protein kinase(s)for this phosphorylation has not yet been fully elucidated.We separated a Ca2+-requiring protein kinase from Ca2+-independentone, both of which can phosphorylate maize leaf PEPC and characterizedthe former kinase after partial purification. Several linesof evidence indicated that the kinase is one of the characteristicCa2+-dependent but calmodulin-independent protein kinase (CDPK).Although the Mr, of native CDPK was estimated to be about 100kDa by gel permeation chromatography, in situ phosphorylationassay of CDPK in a SDS-polyacrylamide gel revealed that thesubunit has an Mr of about 50 kDa suggesting dimer formationor association with other protein(s). Several kinetic parameterswere also obtained using PEPC as a substrate. Although the CDPKshowed an ability of regulatory phosphorylation (Ser-15 in maizePEPC), no significant desensitization to feedback inhibitor,malate, could be observed presumably due to low extent of phosphorylation.The kinase was not specific to PEPC but phosphorylated a varietyof synthetic peptides. The possible physiological role of thiskinase was discussed.
1Present address: NEOS Central Research Laboratory, 1-1 Ohike-machi,Kosei-cho, Shiga, 520-3213 Japan.
2Present address: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado,Gotemba, 412-0038 Japan.
4N.O. and N.Y. contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
10.
Delorme Evelyne; Gomez-Silva Benito; Stern Arthur I.; Schiff Jerome A. 《Plant & cell physiology》1986,27(1):177-182
Highly purified condensed mitochondria obtained from bleachedmutant. W10BSmL of Euglena gracilis Klebs var bacillaris Coriincorporate [35S]methionine into protein when fortified withmalate, ADP, Mg2+, phosphate and a sucrose osmoticum. Twentyto twenty-five polypeptide bands were found to be labeled inorganello when the labeled protein was subjected to sodium dodecylsulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Methionine incorporation,but not respiration or oxidative phosphorylation, was blockedby chloramphenicol and other 70S ribosomal translation inhibitorsbut cycloheximide and ribonuclease were without effect. Inhibitorsof electron transport and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylationwere excellent inhibitors of protein synthesis. Thus, thesemitochondrial preparations carry out protein synthesis in organellothat is linked to respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.
1Present address: VA Hospital Outpatient Clinic, 17 Court St.,Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A.
2Present address: Laboratories de Microbiologia e Inmunologia,Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
3Present address: Botany Department, University of Massachusetts,Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A. (Received June 17, 1985; Accepted October 28, 1985) 相似文献
11.
Light-adapted and dark-adapted forms of phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylase were purified from maize leaves by an improved methodthat included chromatography on Butyl-Toyopearl in the presenceof ethylene glycol. The inhibition by malate was relieved notonly by increasing concentrations of ethylene glycol but alsoby bicarbonate at pH 7.0.
1Present address: NEOS Central Research Laboratory, 1-1 Ohike-machi,Kosei-cho, Shiga, 520-32 Japan.
2Present address: Asahi Medical Co., Ltd., 4-3400-I Asahimachi,Nobeoka, 882 Japan.
3Present address: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado,Gotemba, 412 Japan. 相似文献
12.
Kawano Tomonori; Sahashi Nobuya; Takahashi Koji; Uozumi Nobuyuki; Muto Shoshi 《Plant & cell physiology》1998,39(7):721-730
Addition of salicylic acid (SA) to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)suspension culture immediately induced a rapid and transientgeneration of superoxide anion (O2), followed by a transientincrease in cytosolic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]c).The level of SA-induced O2 was lowered by treatment withseveral scavengers of active oxygen species and a peroxidaseinhibitor, but not with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. The SA-induced[Ca2+]c elevation was also lowered by inhibitors which effectivelylowered the O2 level. Inhibition of [Ca2+]c elevationby Ca2+ channel blockers and a Ca2+ chelator indicated thatextracellular Ca2+ was responsible for the increased [Ca2+]c.Among the several SA analogs, only compounds that actively inducedthe O2 generation also elevated [Ca2+]cIn addition, theinhibitory effects of SA analogs on catalase activity correlatedwell with their effects on the O2 generation and the[Ca2+]c elevation. SA-dependent O2 generation was shownto occur extracellularly, requiring both H2O2 and at least oneproteinaceous factor excreted from the cells. This factor wasdetermined to be a salicylhydroxamic acid-sensitive extracellularguaiacol-utilizing peroxidase.
4Present address: Isehara Research Laboratory, Kanto ChemicalCo., Inc., Suzukawa, Isehara, 259-1146 Japan. 相似文献
13.
Inhibition of Adventitious Root Growth in Tradescantia by Calmodulin Antagonists and Calcium Inhibitors 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
When cuttings of Tradescantia fluminensis stem were incubatedin distilled water, the buds located at the node grew into adventitiousroots. The root growth could be inhibited by calmodulin antagonists,trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, compound 48/80 and calmidazolium,in a concentration-dependent manner. The divalent cation chelatorethyleneglycol-bis-(ß-aminoethyl ether)-N, N, N, N-tetraaceticacid had no effect, however, the intracellular chelator TMB-8completely inhibited root growth. The growth was also inhibitedby calcium ionophore A23187
[GenBank]
, lanthanum, a competitive inhibitorof Ca2+ uptake and verapamil, a calcium channel inhibitor. AWestern blot of the adventitious root extract followed by immunostainingwith an anti-spinach calmodulin antibody clearly showed thepresence of calmodulin in this tissue. These results stronglysuggest the involvement of calmodulin and calcium in the growthof Tradescantia advenitious roots.
1A part of this work has been published in abstract form in"Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Calcium in Plant Development"(Editedby A.J.Trewavas, Plenum Publishing Co. 1986.
3Present address: Plant Laboratory , Kirin Brewerry Co. Ltd.,Kitsuregawa-cho, Tochigi-ken 329-14 ,Japan (Received May 2, 1987; Accepted September 17, 1987) 相似文献
14.
Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Genes from Pisum sativum: Structure, Organ-Specific Expression and Regulation by Fungal Elicitor and Suppressor 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yamada Tetsuji; Tanaka Yoshikazu; Sriprasertsak Permpong; Kato Hisaharu; Hashimoto Tadaaki; Kawamata Shinji; Ichinose Yuki; Kato Hidenori; Shiraishi Tomonori; Oku Hachiro 《Plant & cell physiology》1992,33(6):715-725
15.
The resting membrane potential in excitable cells of Aldrovandatrap-lobes is composed of diffusion and electrogenic potentials.The diffusion potential, about 100 mV in artificial pondwater, was determined from the external K+ and Na+ concentrations.The permeability ratio, PNa/PK of the membrane was estimatedto be about 0.3. The electrogenic potential hyperpolarized themembrane to about 140 mV. The peak value of the actionpotential increased by +26 mV with a tenfold increase in theexternal Ca2+ concentration. The action potential was blockedby an application of the Ca2+ chelater or the Ca channel blocker,LaCl3. Cells showed additional Ca2+ influx (7.8 pmole/cm2 impulse)during membrane excitation. These facts suggest that the transientincrease in Ca2+ influx causes the action potential presentin cells of Aldrovanda trap-lobes.
1 Present address: Jerry Lewis Neuromuscular Research Center,School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, LosAngeles, CA90024, U.S.A.
2 Present address: Biological Laboratory, Kyoritsu Women's University,Hachioji 193, Japan. (Received September 21, 1983; Accepted September 7, 1984) 相似文献
16.
Okamoto Haruko; Hirano Yusuke; Abe Hiroshi; Tomizawa Ken-ichi; Furuya Masaki; Wada Masamitsu 《Plant & cell physiology》1993,34(8):1329-1334
A cDNA for the phytochrome of the fern Adiantum capillus-venerisL. was cloned and sequenced. The deduced phytochrome is 50{smalltilde}55% identical to phytochromes of seed plants, and 68%identical to Selaginella phytochrome. Regions resemble thosein previously characterized phytochromes from ferns, lower plantsand seed plants.
3Present address: Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 21 Miyukigaoka,Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305 Japan
4Present address: Plant Growth Regulation Laboratory, The Instituteof Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi,Saitama, 351-01 Japan
5Present address: Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd.,Hatoyama, Saitama, 350-03 Japan 相似文献
17.
Purification and Properties of UDP-glucuronate Pyrophosphorylase from Pollen of Typha latifolia Linne 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
UDP-glucuronate pyrophosphorylase from the pollen of Typha latifoliaLinne was purified about 600-fold by protamine sulfate treatment,ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, chromatofocusing,affinity chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. The purificationwas carried out using buffer containing 20% sucrose which helpedto prevent enzyme inactivation. This enzyme required equimolarlevels of Mg2+ to PPi or UTP for maximum velocity of enzymecatalysis. Results of experiments on product inhibition andthe initial velocity of the enzyme catalysis reaction suggesteda Theorell-Chance mechanism.
1 Present address: Japan Spectroscopic Co., 2967-5, Ishikawa-Cho,Hachioji-City, Tokyo 192, Japan. (Received April 5, 1983; Accepted September 26, 1983) 相似文献
18.
Wounding Inhibits Protein Synthesis yet Stimulates Polysome Formation in Aged, Excised Pea Epicotyls 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wounding of aged, previously-excised pea epicotyl segments byremoval of the basal 12 mm resulted in a rapid (beginningwithin 15 min) recruitment of monosomes on to polysomes andan even more rapid (maximal between 612 min) inhibitionof protein synthesis in the remaining tissue. This inhibitionof protein synthesis in vivo did not appear to be an artefactcaused by the removal of highly active tissue (e.g., callus,contaminating bacteria), since wounds inflicted at a site distantfrom the region analyzed still elicited the response, and proteinsynthesis in the 12 mm slices (normally discarded) wasinhibited even more strongly than it was in the remaining tissue.The proportion of radioactive methionine in nascent chains (boundto polysomes) increased, while the production of completed polypeptidesdecreased, after wounding. Cycloheximide, a known inhibitorof the ribosome translocation/release process mimicked someof the effects of wounding. We interpret the results to indicatethat the initial effect of wounding is to inhibit translationby inhibiting the ribosome translocation/release process, whereasthe subsequent recovery in protein synthesis is brought aboutpartly by a recovery in ribosome translocation/release and partlyby enhanced initiation.
1 Present address: Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science andTechnology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, U.S.A.
2 Present address: Institute of Agricultural Environment Control,College of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama790, Japan. (Received May 26, 1986; Accepted August 4, 1986) 相似文献
19.
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (EC 1.4.1.3
[EC]
.) purified from greentobacco callus mitochondria was activated markedly by Ca2$ inthe amination reaction. This activation was detectable evenat concentrations below 5 µM Ca2$. Saturation curves for the three substrates of the aminationreaction showed normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics in the presenceof 1 mM of Ca2$, but pronounced substrate inhibition occurredwithout Ca2$. The effect of Ca2$ was chiefly on the maximalvelocity. The saturation curve for NH4Cl in the presence of Ca2$ was modulatedby a change in pH. The apparent Km value for NH4Cl markedlydecreased whereas that for -ketoglutarate increased slightlywhen the pH was raised from 7.3 to 9.0. In contrast, the Kmfor NADH was little affected by raising the pH. The characteristicof GDH which increases its affinity for NH4Cl when the pH israised may be compatible with the detoxification of ammonia.
1 Present address: Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Received August 24, 1981; Accepted November 28, 1981) 相似文献
20.
Using permeabilized characean cells in which the ionic conditionsat the cytoplasmic side of the tonoplast are easily controlled,effects of Ca2+ ion on tonoplast potential were examined. Whenthe cell was treated with 1 µM Ca2+, the tonoplast potential(EM became positive in a complicated manner in Chara corallinawhile it simply became negative in Nitella axilliformis. Whenthe cell was treated with 9-antracenecarboxylic acid, a Cl-channelinhibitor, Em became more negative and the response of Em toCa2+ was significantly suppressed. It is suggested that Ca2+activates Cl-channel at a low concentration and inactivatesat a higher one in C. corallina while it simply inactivate Cl-channelin N. axilliformis.
1Present address: Biological Laboratory, The University of theAir, Wakaba 2-11, Wakaba, 260 Japan. (Received August 22, 1988; Accepted December 26, 1988) 相似文献