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1.
Stefan Schrader Susanne Kramer Elisabeth Oldenburg Joachim Weinert 《Mycotoxin Research》2009,25(1):53-58
Conservation tillage combined with crop-residue mulching is increasingly important to meet soil protection targets. Concurrently,
the health risk of soil-borne pathogenic fungi like Fusarium species, which produce deoxynivalenol (DON) as their major mycotoxin, is increasing. The detritivorous earthworm species
Lumbricus terrestris takes part in the efficient degradation of Fusarium-infected and DON-contaminated wheat straw. Against this background, a laboratory study was conducted to quantify by means
of ELISA technique the uptake of DON and its possible absorption and accumulation in tissue by L. terrestris in the short-term (5 weeks) and long-term (11 weeks). The DON concentrations in L. terrestris of the Fusarium-infected treatment were significantly different in the order of gut tissue > body wall > gut content at both dates with a
decline in the long-term. The DON concentrations in the tissues decreased by an order of magnitude of weeks to months. 相似文献
2.
Friederike Meyer-Wolfarth Stefan Schrader Elisabeth Oldenburg Joachim Weinert Joachim Brunotte 《Mycotoxin Research》2017,33(3):237-244
In 2011 and 2013, a field experiment was conducted in a winter wheat field at Adenstedt (northern Germany) to investigate biocontrol and interaction effects of important members of the soil food web (Lumbricus terrestris, Annelida; Folsomia candida, Collembola and Aphelenchoides saprophilus, Nematoda) on the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum in wheat straw. Therefore, soil fauna was introduced in mesocosms in defined numbers and combinations and exposed to either Fusarium-infected or non-infected wheat straw. L. terrestris was introduced in all faunal treatments and combined either with F. candida or A. saprophilus or both. Mesocosms filled with a Luvisol soil, a cover of different types of wheat straw and respective combinations of faunal species were established outdoors in the topsoil of a winter wheat field after harvest of the crop. After a time span of 4 and 8 weeks, the degree of wheat straw coverage of mesocosms was quantified to assess its attractiveness for the soil fauna. The content of Fusarium biomass in residual wheat straw and soil was determined using a double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA method. In both experimental years, the infected wheat straw was incorporated more efficiently into the soil than the non-infected control straw due to the presence of L. terrestris in all faunal treatments than the non-infected control straw. In addition, Fusarium biomass was reduced significantly in all treatments after 4 weeks (2011: 95–99%; 2013:15–54%), whereupon the decline of fungal biomass was higher in faunal treatments than in non-faunal treatments and differed significantly from them. In 2011, Fusarium biomass of the faunal treatments was below the quantification limit after 8 weeks. In 2013, a decline of Fusarium biomass was observed, but the highest content of Fusarium biomass was still found in the non-faunal treatments after 8 weeks. In the soil of all treatments, Fusarium biomass was below the quantification limit. The earthworm species L. terrestris revealed a considerable potential as an effective biocontrol agent contributing to a sustainable control of a Fusarium plant pathogen in wheat straw, thus reducing the infection risk for specific plant diseases in arable fields. 相似文献
3.
Ulrike Korn Thomas Müller Andreas Ulrich Marina Elsa Herta Müller 《Mycotoxin Research》2011,27(3):195-206
Plant-associated isolates from Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum were inoculated on wheat in field experiments in 2007 and 2008 to ascertain their influence on fungal colonization of the
ears, as well as mycotoxin contamination (deoxynivalenol, DON; nivalenol, NIV; zearalenone, ZEA) and yield parameters in the
mature crop after inoculation with or without irrigation. The isolates were assigned to four different groups of aggressiveness
on the basis of pathogenic symptom development and mycotoxin production in vitro. Increased levels of trichothecene-producing
Fusarium DNA in the ears indicated a successful inoculation of the plants, which resulted in increased DON content in the wheat kernels
in 2007. Dry conditions at anthesis markedly suppressed fungal colonization as well as mycotoxin accumulation. However, due
to precipitation during the ripening period, yield and thousand-kernel weight were similar whether or not irrigation was applied
at the time of inoculation. The level of aggressiveness among the isolates as determined in vitro was not reflected in the
field experiment. The activity of the extracellular invertase in developing ears increased as a plant response to pathogen
infection, especially when the plants were irrigated at the time of inoculation. In 2008, the Fusarium inoculation of wheat heads did not cause fungal growth and mycotoxin contamination in the grain, because of the dry weather
conditions that occurred over the entire period of anthesis and ripening. The risk of future mycotoxin contamination in grains
was discussed based on climate change prognosis. 相似文献
4.
Ohsato S Ochiai-Fukuda T Nishiuchi T Takahashi-Ando N Koizumi S Hamamoto H Kudo T Yamaguchi I Kimura M 《Plant cell reports》2007,26(4):531-538
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of small grain cereal crops caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum. These fungi produce the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives, which enhance the disease development
during their interactions with host plants. For the self-protection, the trichothecene producer Fusarium species have Tri101 encoding trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase. Although transgenic expression of Tri101 significantly reduced inhibitory action of DON on tobacco plants, there are several conflicting observations regarding the
phytotoxicity of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) to cereal plants; 3-ADON was reported to be highly phytotoxic to wheat at
low concentrations. To examine whether cereal plants show sufficient resistance to 3-ADON, we generated transgenic rice plants
with stable expression and inheritance of Tri101. While root growth of wild-type rice plants was severely inhibited by DON in the medium, this fungal toxin was not phytotoxic
to the transgenic lines that showed trichothecene 3-O-acetylation activity. This is the first report demonstrating the DON acetylase activity and DON-resistant phenotype of cereal
plants expressing the fungal gene.
S. Ohsato and T. Ochiai-Fukuda should be considered as joint first authors. 相似文献
5.
Vladimir Ostry Jaroslava Ovesna Jarmila Skarkova Vladimira Pouchova Jiri Ruprich 《Mycotoxin Research》2010,26(3):141-145
The European corn borer reportedly promotes the infection of maize by Fusarium spp. Stalk and ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. are often related to mycotoxin accumulation in maize kernels. As a result, food and animal feed from maize are more
severely contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins: e.g. fumonisins (FUM), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA). Bt maize is primarily an important potential
tool for insect pest protection, both in the European Union and in other countries. Bt maize carrying the Bt genes is highly
resistant to European corn borer larval feeding due to Bt toxin (δ toxin) production. Effective measures to combat pests therefore
often have a positive side-effect in that they also reduce mycotoxin levels. Comparative analysis was used to the evaluation
of the studies dealing with the reduction of Fusarium mycotoxins in Bt maize. Nineteen out of 23 studies on Bt maize came to the conclusion that Bt maize is less contaminated
with mycotoxins (FUM, DON, ZEA) than the conventional control variety in each case. 相似文献
6.
Lucyshyn D Busch BL Abolmaali S Steiner B Chandler E Sanjarian F Mousavi A Nicholson P Buerstmayr H Adam G 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2007,277(5):507-517
Plant pathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium can cause severe diseases on small grain cereals and maize. The contamination of harvested grain with Fusarium mycotoxins is a threat to human and animal health. In wheat production of the toxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which inhibits
eukaryotic protein biosynthesis, is a virulence factor of Fusarium, and resistance against DON is considered to be part of Fusarium resistance. Previously, single amino acid changes in RPL3 (ribosomal protein L3) conferring DON resistance have been described in yeast. The goal of this work was to characterize
the RPL3 gene family from wheat and to investigate the potential role of naturally existing RPL3 alleles in DON resistance by comparing Fusarium-resistant and susceptible cultivars. The gene family consists of three homoeologous alleles of both RPL3A and RPL3B, which are located on chromosomes 4A (RPL3-B2), 4B (RPL3-B1), 4D (RPL3-B3), 5A (RPL3-A3), 5B (RPL3-A2) and 5D (RPL3-A1). Alternative splicing was detected in the TaRPL3-A2 gene. Sequence comparison revealed no amino acid differences between cultivars differing in Fusarium resistance. While using developed SNP markers we nevertheless found that one of the genes, namely, TaRPL3-A3 mapped close to a Fusarium resistance QTL (Qfhs.ifa-5A). The potential role of the RPL3 gene family in DON resistance of wheat is discussed. 相似文献
7.
H. -S. Wu Y. Wang C. -Y. Zhang M. Gu Y. -X. Liu G. Chen J. -H. Wang Z. Tang Z. -S. Mao Q. -R. Shen 《Folia microbiologica》2009,54(2):115-122
The allelopathic potential of an artificially applied allelochemical, benzoic acid, on in vitro Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (a soil-borne pathogen causing watermelon wilt) was evaluated. Benzoic acid strongly inhibited its growth, sporulation and
conidia germination, whereas it stimulated virulence factors of this pathogen. The biomass was reduced by 83–96 % and the
conidia germinating rate and conidia production rate were decreased by 100 % at a concentration of >200 mg/L. However, phytopathogenic
enzyme activities and mycotoxin production were stimulated with an increase of 10.2–1250 % for enzyme activities and 610–2630
% for mycotoxin yield. 相似文献
8.
Toxin B — trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most frequent Fusarium mycotoxin in Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease produced by Fusarium fungi. Thirty-one samples of naturally cultivated winter wheat were collected from different localities in Slovakia and evaluated
for DON content, and after an artificial inoculation twelve of winter wheat cultivars were evaluated for FHB, fusarium damaged
kernels (FDK) and DON content (resistance Type I and II) during two years. Plants were inoculated at anthesis with a conidial
suspension of Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. The highest mean contents of DON 1.641 ppm were found in produced potato region (PPR) and 1.654 ppm in
produced sugar beet region (PSBR). A positive correlation was found between DON content and rainfall, and a negative correlation
was found between content of DON and temperature. Lower positive correlations were found between the contents of DON in 2003
and 2004 in the resistance Type I and Type II in twelve artificially infected cultivars. The significant positive correlations
in content of DON were found between resistance Type I and Type II in the years 2003 and 2004. The lowest content of DON was
found in the cultivars Alka, Malyska and the highest one in the cultivars Vanda and Boka. The positive correlation between
the content of DON and FDK (in %) in head (average 2003 and 2004 years) from artificially infected and analysed cultivars
was statistically significant in both resistances Type I and Type II. 相似文献
9.
The present study investigated and compared the mycotoxin production of two Fusarium species, F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae, isolated from grain samples. Fusarium strains were cultivated at 25°C for 7 days on two types of solid media, i.e. rice-flour and cereal-flour agar. Toxins produced
were measured after the incubation period with a multi-mycotoxin method based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS). Both F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae synthesised type-A trichothecenes, i.e. T-2 and HT-2 toxins, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and neosolaniol (NEO). In addition,
both species could be verified as beauvericin producers. The toxin production occurred in both cereal-based assays but was
more predominant on the carbohydrate-rich rice-flour medium. The two species were potent producers of T-2 toxin, the highest
amounts measured being at a level of 20,000 μg/kg after 7 days’ incubation. Differences between the species were observed
regarding the quantitative production of the other trichothecenes: F. sporotrichioides was a more prolific producer of HT-2 toxin and beauvericin, whereas F. langsethiae produced higher amounts of DAS and NEO. On rice-flour assay, the toxin production was monitored during the growth period.
The production started rapidly at an early growth phase and several toxins could be detected already after the 1st day of
incubation, the highest concentrations being at mg/kg level. The results also indicated that the biosynthesis by F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae shifted towards the other type-A trichothecenes at the expense of T-2 toxin at the end of the cultivation. 相似文献
10.
A total of 27Fusarium culmorum isolates from Germany and 41F. graminearum isolates from Kenya were investigated for aggressiveness and mycotoxin production on wheat ears. In addition, ergosterol content of the kernels from ears inoculated withF. graminearum was determined and theF. culmorum isolates were tested for mycotoxin productionin vitro. For both pathogens, isolates markedly differed in aggressiveness. 59% and 37% of theF. culmorum isolates produced NIV and DON, respectively,in vivo andin vitro. The DON-producing isolates also produced 3-acDONin vitro. The more aggressive isolates produced mainly DON while the less aggressive isolates produced mainly NIV. 12% and 85% of theF. graminearum isolates produced NIV and DON, respectively. The highly aggressive isolates produced higher amounts of DON, aggressiveness being highly correlated to DON content in the kernels. NIV-producing isolates were less aggressive. Ergosterol content of kernels was moderately correlated to aggressiveness but highly correlated to DON content. Disease severity was associated with kernel weight reduction. 相似文献
11.
Endophytic fungi are rich in orchids and have great impacts on their host plants. 53 endophytes (30 isolates from Dendrobium devonianum and 23 endophytic fungi from D. thyrsiflorum) were isolated, respectively, from roots and stems of Dendrobium species. All the fungi were identified by way of morphological and/or molecular biological methods. 30 endophytic fungi in
D. devonianum were categorized into 11 taxa and 23 fungal endophytes in D. thyrsiflorum were grouped into 11 genera, respectively. Fusarium was the dominant species of the two Dendrobium species in common. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of fermentation broth of these fungi was explored using agar
diffusion test. 10 endophytic fungi in D. devonianum and 11 in D. thyrsiflorum exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus among 6 pathogenic microbes (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus). Out of the fungal endophytes isolated from D. devonianum and D. thyrsiflorum, Phoma displayed strong inhibitory activity (inhibition zones in diameter >20 mm) against pathogens. Epicoccum nigrum from D. thyrsiflorum exhibited antibacterial activity even stronger than ampicillin sodium. Fusarium isolated from the two Dendrobium species was effective against the pathogenic bacterial as well as fungal pathogens. The study reinforced the assumption that
endophytic fungi isolated from different Dendrobium species could be of potential antibacterial or antifungal resource. 相似文献
12.
Szilvia Bencze Katalin Puskás Gyula Vida Ildikó Karsai Krisztina Balla Judit Komáromi Ottó Veisz 《Mycotoxin Research》2017,33(3):229-236
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration not only has a direct impact on plants but also affects plant–pathogen interactions. Due to economic and health-related problems, special concern was given thus in the present work to the effect of elevated CO2 (750 μmol mol?1) level on the Fusarium culmorum infection and mycotoxin contamination of wheat. Despite the fact that disease severity was found to be not or little affected by elevated CO2 in most varieties, as the spread of Fusarium increased only in one variety, spike grain number and/or grain weight decreased significantly at elevated CO2 in all the varieties, indicating that Fusarium infection generally had a more dramatic impact on the grain yield at elevated CO2 than at the ambient level. Likewise, grain deoxynivalenol (DON) content was usually considerably higher at elevated CO2 than at the ambient level in the single-floret inoculation treatment, suggesting that the toxin content is not in direct relation to the level of Fusarium infection. In the whole-spike inoculation, DON production did not change, decreased or increased depending on the variety × experiment interaction. Cooler (18 °C) conditions delayed rachis penetration while 20 °C maximum temperature caused striking increases in the mycotoxin contents, resulting in extremely high DON values and also in a dramatic triggering of the grain zearalenone contamination at elevated CO2. The results indicate that future environmental conditions, such as rising CO2 levels, may increase the threat of grain mycotoxin contamination. 相似文献
13.
Diana C. Tan Gavin R. Flematti Emilio L. Ghisalberti Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam Sukumar Chakraborty Friday Obanor Kithsiri Jayasena Martin J. Barbetti 《Mycotoxin Research》2012,28(2):89-96
An isolated occurrence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat was detected in the south-west region of Western Australia during
the 2003 harvest season. The molecular identity of 23 isolates of Fusarium spp. collected from this region during the FHB outbreak confirmed the associated pathogens to be F. graminearum, F. acuminatum or F. tricinctum. Moreover, the toxicity of their crude extracts from Czapek-Dox liquid broth and millet seed cultures to brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) was associated with high mortality levels. The main mycotoxins detected were type B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol),
enniatins, chlamydosporol and zearalenone. This study is the first report on the mycotoxin profiles of Fusarium spp. associated with FHB of wheat in Western Australia. This study highlights the need for monitoring not just for the presence
of the specific Fusarium spp. present in any affected grain but also for their potential mycotoxin and other toxic secondary metabolites. 相似文献
14.
Ricardo Ribeiro Silva Carlos Renato Corso Dácio Roberto Matheus 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(5):841-846
Estimating fungal growth is important in processes of soil bioremediation. It has been demonstrated that ergosterol is a good
indicator of fungal biomass in solid substrata. In the present study were evaluated the effects upon the ergosterol rate of
Lentinus crinitus Berk. and Psilocybe castanella Peck through the culture conditions of these fungi, which are evaluated for the bioremediation of soils contaminated by organochlorates.
A good correlation between fungal biomass and ergosterol was observed for both species. The culture conditions did not influence
the ergosterol rate of L. crinitus. Yet the ergosterol rate of P. castanella was influenced from 35 days of culture and when grown in the presence of 15.00 g hexachlorobenzene l−1 of culture medium. So it is possible to estimate growth of both species using ergosterol as indicator in processes of soil
bioremediation since the influences observed in the ergosterol rate of P. castanella are considered. 相似文献
15.
Kris Audenaert Elien Callewaert Monica Höfte Sarah De Saeger Geert Haesaert 《BMC microbiology》2010,10(1):112
Background
Fusarium head blight is a very important disease of small grain cereals with F. graminearum as one of the most important causal agents. It not only causes reduction in yield and quality but from a human and animal healthcare point of view, it produces mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) which can accumulate to toxic levels. Little is known about external triggers influencing DON production. 相似文献16.
Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms are ubiquitous in soils and could play an important role in supplying P to plants where
plant unavailable P content in soil was more. A phosphatase and phytase producing fungus Emericella rugulosa was isolated and tested under field condition (Pearl millet as a test crop) in a loamy sand soil. In the experimental soil
68% organic phosphorous was present as phytin; less than 1% of phosphorous was present in a plant available form. The maximum
effect of inoculation on different enzyme activities (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, phytase, and dehydrogenase)
was observed between 5 and 8 weeks of plant age. The depletion of organic P was much higher than mineral and phytin P. The
microbial contribution was significantly higher than the plant contribution to the hydrolysis of the different P fractions.
A significant improvement in plant biomass, root length, seed and straw yield and P concentration of root and shoot resulted
from inoculation. The results suggest that Emericella rugulosa produces phosphatases and phytase, which mobilize P and enhance the production of pearl millet. 相似文献
17.
Chandra NS Wulff EG Udayashankar AC Nandini BP Niranjana SR Mortensen CN Prakash HS 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2011,90(5):1625-1639
Recent developments in genomics have opened up for newer opportunities to study the diversity and classification of fungi.
The genus Fusarium contains many plant pathogens that attack diverse agricultural crops. Fusarium spp. are not only pathogenic to plants but are also known as toxin producers that negatively affect animal and human health.
The identification of Fusarium species still remains one of the most critical issues in fungal taxonomy, given that the number of species recognized in
the genus has been constantly changing in the last century due to the different taxonomic systems. This review focuses of
various molecular-based techniques employed to study the diversity of Fusarium species causing diseases in major food crops. An introduction of fusarial diseases and their mycotoxins and molecular-marker-based
methods for detection introduce the concept of marker application. Various well-known molecular techniques such as random
amplified polymorphic DNA, amplification fragment length polymorphism, etc. to more modern ones such as DNA microarrays, DNA
barcoding, and pyrosequencing and their application form the core of the review. Target regions in the genome which can be
potential candidates for generation of probes and their use in phylogeny of Fusarium spp. are also presented. The concluding part emphasizes the value of molecular markers for assessing genetic variability
and reveals that molecular tools are indispensable for providing information not only of one Fusarium species but on whole fungal community. This will be of extreme value for diagnosticians and researchers concerned with fungal
biology, ecology, and genetics. 相似文献
18.
Rafael Leandro Figueiredo de Vasconcellos Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso 《BioControl》2009,54(6):807-816
Pinus taeda is one of the main timber trees in Brazil, occupying 1.8 million ha with an annual productivity of 25–30 m3 ha−1. Another important species is Araucaria angustifolia, belonging to the fragile Rainforest biome, which for decades has been a major source of timber in Brazil. Some diseases
that affect the roots and/or the stem of these trees and cause “damping-off” of the seedlings, with economic and environmental
losses for the forest sector, are caused by the plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium sp. or Armillaria sp. This research project intended to isolate actinobacteria from the Araucaria rhizosphere, which present an antagonistic effect against these fungi. After the selection of the best pathogen inhibitors,
morphologic characteristics, enzyme production, and their effect on the growth of Pinus taeda were studied. The actinobacteria were tested for their antagonistic capacity against Fusarium sp. in Petri plates with PDA as substrate. The inhibition zone was measured after 3, 5, 7, and 10 days. Of all the isolates
tested, only two of them maintained inhibition zones up to 4 mm for 10 days. The inhibition of Armillaria sp. was tested in liquid medium and also in Petri dishes through the evaluation of the number of the fungal rhizomorphs in
dual culture with the actinobacteria. It was found that all five isolates were able to inhibit the rhizomorph production,
with the best performance of the isolate A43, which was capable of inhibiting both fungi, Fusarium and Armillaria. In a greenhouse experiment, the effect of five isolates on the growth of Pinus taeda seedlings was tested. Plant height, stem diameter, root and shoot dry matter were determined. The Streptomyces isolate A43 doubled plant growth. These results may lead to the development of new technologies in the identification of
still unknown bacterial metabolites and new management techniques to control forest plant diseases. 相似文献
19.
Jing Li Jianglin Zhao Lijian Xu Ligang Zhou Xiaolin Li Jingguo Wang 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(5):733-737
About 63 fungal endophytic isolates were separated from rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, which is a traditional medicinal plant mainly distributed in China. The isolates were characterized and grouped based on
the culture characteristics and the morphology of colony growth and conidia. Eleven representative ones were selected for
further taxonomical identification. Five genera namely Fusarium, Gliocladiopsis, Gliomastix, Aspergillus and Cylindrocarpon were identified on the basis of their morphological characterizations. Of them, the most frequent genus was Fusarium (i.e. Ppf1, Ppf3 and Ppf14). Their ITS-rDNA sequences were compared with those available in the GeneBank databases to obtain
the closest related species by BLAST analysis as well as to analyze their phylogenetic affiliation. The isolates were identified
as Gliocladiopsis irregularis (Ppf2), Plectosphaerella cucumerina (Ppf4), Padospora sp. (Ppf6), Gliomastix murorum var. murorum (Ppf7), Aspergillus fumigatus (Ppf9), Pichia guilliermondii (Ppf10), Neonectria radicicola (anamorph: Cylindrocarpon) (Ppf12) and one uncultured mycorrhizal ascomycete (Ppf13) separately based on their morphological and molecular features.
The molecular characters of the endophytic fungi were basically coincident with their morphology. The broad diversity and
taxonomic spectrum were exhibited by the endophytic fungi from P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. 相似文献
20.
Gustavo Graciano Fonseca Eliezer Avila Gandra Liana Fossati Sclowitz Ana Paula Antunes Corrêa Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(3):449-456
Pleurotus species are found to be among the most efficient lignocellulolytic types of white-rot fungi. Rice is the main grain cultivated
in the extreme south of Brazil. Defatted rice bran and straw are by-products of low aggregate value. Soft rush (Juncus effusus) is a common native plant also very abundant in the region. In the present work, we evaluated changes in substrate composition
after growth of two white-rot fungal species: Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajor-caju, aiming to increase protein content and digestibility from substrates through solid fermentations and obtain edible mushrooms
of high aggregate value. For that, defatted rice bran, defatted rice straw and soft rush were utilized as substrate. The influence
of the variables thermal treatment temperature of substrate, substrate moisture and concentration were evaluated on the protein
content, digestibility and biological efficiency. The highest protein enrichment of rice bran in P. sajor-caju-fermented medium was due the fact that there was no fructification in these media, while for the P. ostreatus-fermented medium, part of the synthesized protein was converted into mushrooms. The highest protein enrichments were verified
in medium with 80% moisture and 25% soft rush (47.1% using P. ostreatus and 49.0% using P. sajor-caju). A higher digestible protein increase was obtained for both species in media with 70% moisture and 25% soft rush. 相似文献