中国地胆草属和假地胆草属(菊科)分合的分子依据

为探讨中国菊科地胆革属和假地胆草属在DNA分子水平上的亲缘关系以及这两个属的分合问题,以香港野生的地胆草属植物地胆草（ElephantopusscaberL）、白花地胆草（E.mollisHK．B）和香港、台湾归化的假地胆草属植物假地胆草（Pseudelephantopusspicatus（BJussexAublet）CF.Baker）为材料,选取6种18－24mer和5种10mer的随机单引物进行任意引物PCR（AN－PCR）和随机扩增多态DNA（RAP）分析,以相似没指数值作亲缘关系分析。初步结果显示：2种地胆草与1种假地胆草之间的DNA指纹图谱差异较大,提示地肥草属与假地胆草属植物的亲缘关系较远,属于属间差异。这与形态学、组织学和细胞学结果呈相关性,认为这两个属合并成一个广义的地胆草属是不合适的。     

苦荬菜属植物化学研究进展

对近些年来发表的有关苦荬菜属的化学成分进行了综述,主要为倍半萜内酯类、三萜类成分。     

地胆草倍半萜内酯化合物体外抗肿瘤作用的研究

采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法和琼脂糖凝胶电泳法等研究地胆草倍半萜内酯化合物scabertopin(1)和isodeoxyelephantopin(2)在体外对SMMC-7721、Hela和Caco-2三种肿瘤细胞增殖的影响.发现这两个化合物在1～100 μM浓度内对三种肿瘤细胞增殖有显著的抑制作用,且呈一定剂量依赖关系.二者抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖的IC50值分别为29.27和9.54 μM;抑制Hela细胞增殖的IC50值分别为22.19和25.39 μM;抑制Caco-2细胞增殖的IC50值分别为35.99和25.76 μM.时效性实验还显示2对Hela细胞增殖的抑制作用呈时间依赖关系.2浓度100 μM作用Hela细胞48 h,琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示明显的细胞凋亡"梯状"条带(DNA ladder),提示isodeoxyelephantopin抑制Hela细胞作用是通过诱导其凋亡.     

旋覆花属植物中倍半萜类成分及药理活性研究进展

倍半萜类化学成分是菊科旋覆花属植物的特征性成分,以桉烷型、吉马烷型和愈创木烷型为主。本文综述了该属植物中的倍半萜类化学成分及其药理活性的研究进展。     

白及属药用植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

结合国内外文献综述了白及属植物化学成分的研究进展,并对该属药用植物的药理活性进行了总结。白及属植物含有多种化学成分,主要有联苄类、二氢菲类、菲类、黄酮类、2-异丁基苹果酸葡萄糖氧基苄酯类、多酚类等。该属药用植物具有显著收敛止血、消肿生肌的功效。     

瑞香属植物生物活性研究进展

瑞香属植物分布广泛,在我国有35种。其中一些种类自古即供药用、观赏和作造纸原料。近几十年来,人们已从瑞香属植物中发现了60多种具不同作用的生物活性物质。药理学和毒理学研究表明,这些活性物质中,有的抗HIV、白血病、血栓形成和动脉粥样硬化,有的可抑制铜绿假单孢菌、细菌和疟原虫感染,有的可用于临床引产,还有的具杀虫和抑菌作用。说明这是一个大有开发前途的植物类群。     

山橙属植物化学成分与抗肿瘤活性研究进展

结合国内外文献综述了山橙属植物化学成分的研究进展,并对该属药用植物的抗肿瘤活性进行了总结。山橙属植物含有多种化学成分,主要有生物碱类以及少量三萜类、甾体类、木脂素类等。该属植物中的生物碱类成分具有显著的抗肿瘤活性。     

牡荆属植物提取物抗肿瘤作用研究进展

牡荆属Vitex植物系马鞭草科乔木或灌木,约250种,主要分布于热带和温带地区,我国有14种,7亚种,3种主产于长江以南.在我国有7种药用,即:灰毛牡荆V.canescens、黄荆V.negundo、蔓荆V.trifolia、单叶蔓荆V.rotundifolia、穗花牡荆V.agnus-castus、长序荆V.peduncularis和山牡荆V.quinata.现代药理研究表明,该属中一些植物或其组分具有镇痛、抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抑制淋巴细胞及激素调节、抗氧化、蜕皮、驱虫等功效.牡荆属植物所含的化学成分类型丰富,主要酚类成分有黄酮类、苯丙素类及有机酸类等化合物.本文就牡荆属植物提取物抗肿瘤作用综述如下:     

柑橘属植物中抗肿瘤活性成分的研究进展

芸香科柑橘属植物作为传统中药材一直受到普遍关注,尤其近年来对其在抗肿瘤方面的研究已成为国内外研究的热点.综述了近年来国内外学者对柑橘类植物所含抗肿瘤活性成分的最新的研究进展,并分别对它们抗肿瘤的作用机制进行了初步的探讨.     

党参属药用植物研究状况

本文介绍了近年来党参属药用植物化学成分的研究状况及党参的药理作用,对党参的开发利用提出了建议。     

中国桑寄生科Loranthaceae药用植物研究

本文通过市场调查、民间考察及文献考证,发现我国桑寄生科植物共有３９种（包括变种）作药用,并对它们的药效功能及市场情况作了系统总结。     

Studies in the embryology ofSenecioneae (Compositae)

Anthers are tetrasporangiate inEmilia sonchifolia andNotonia grandiflora and bisporangiate inGynura nitida. The male archesporium consists of a single row of 6–8 hypodermal cells. Development of anther walls is according to the Dicotyledonous type. The tapetum corresponds to the periplasmodial type. Both tetrahedral and isobilateral pollen tetrads are produced. The pollen grains at the time of anther dehiscence are three-celled inG. nitida andE. sonchifolia;N. grandiflora is male sterile. All the three species have Polygonum type embryo sacs with variable antipodal cells. InG. nitida andE. sonchifolia fertilization is porogamous, endosperm development is of the cellular type, and embryo development closely follows that ofSenecio vulgaris (Souèges 1920a, b).     

Studies in the embryology ofHeliantheae (Compositae)

The embryology ofLagascea mollis, Zinnia angustifolia andGalinsoga parviflora has been studied. The anther archesporium is hypodermal and consists of a single row of 6–8 cells, there are two layers below the epidermis of the anther and a periplasmodial tapetum. Ripe pollen grains are tricolpate and 3-celled. The ovary contains a single ovule, but in a few cases ofGalinsoga parviflora two ovules have been found. The female archesporium is unicellular, but sometimes more than one archesporial cell occurs inLagascea mollis andZinnia angustifolia. The embryo sac development is of the Polygonum type, the synergids are hooked, antipodal cells show great variation. The endosperm development is cellular inGalinsoga parviflora and peripheral layer persists in the mature seed. The embryo development conforms to the Senecio variation of the Asterad type. The pericarp structure and cmbryological features support the disputed systematic position ofLagascea withinHeliantheae. Part of a Ph.D. thesis, accepted at Andhra University.     

Studies in the Eupatorieae (Compositae) VI

Cronquistia, a new genus in the Compositae Eupatorieae, is described on the basis ofStevia pringlei S. Watson.S. simulans B. L. Robinson is reduced to synonymy underS. pringlei.     

Chemical Features of Medicinal Plants (Review)

Data on chemical composition related to the synthesis of physiologically active substances (alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, etc.) and to the accumulation of individual elements or groups of five to ten elements (e.g., Cr, Co, Mn, and Zn) in medicinal plants were reviewed. Chemical features of medicinal plants serve as an integral determinant of their species specificity and pharmacological properties and enable their wide use in medical practice. The relationship between the synthesis of physiologically active substances and accumulation of elements is mediated by several levels of molecular regulation.     

Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Chloranthus Medicinal Plants

The plants of genus Chloranthus have been investigated in many chemical and pharmacological laboratories due to their complex secondary metabolites and diverse bioactivities. The aim of this review is to provide an up‐to‐date overview on the chemistry and bioactivity of the compounds isolated, mainly sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids, from the genus Chloranthus over the past few decades.     

甘肃黄芪属药用植物资源

目的:调查甘肃省黄芪属药用植物资源,为该属植物资源的开发利用提供科学依据.方法:深入甘肃各地进行实地调查、采集标本和分类鉴定,并查阅和核对主要标本馆的腊叶标本.结果:初步研究,甘肃省有13种1亚种药用黄芪属植物,记述了它们在省内的分布、生境和药用价值,并编制了检索表.结论:甘肃黄芪属植物资源丰富,有待进一步研究,开发利用.     

Comparative Anatomical Studies on Chinese Medicinal Plants of the Genus Aconitum

This paper reports the result of comparative anatomical studies on medicinal roots of 53 species and varieties in the genus Aconitum from China. The anatomical structures of the roots can be classified into 6 types and 18 subtypes according to the level of their evolution. The anatomy of Aconitum roots is discussed in relation to phylogeny based on chemotaxonomy, cytology and other related disciplines. It was found that the six types of Aconitum roots are correlated with chemical components, chromosomes, toxicity and the gross morphology. The relatively advanced Types I and II roots always contain highly toxic alkaloids of diterpenoid diester of aconitine type, distributed mainly in Ser. 3, 5-11 of Sect. Aconitum of Subgen. Aconitum, while the relatively primitive Types III, IV and II roots with small diameters contain mainly atisine and aminal alcohol alkaloids, which have lower toxicity, present in Subgen. Gymnaconitum and Ser. 1, 2 of Sect. Aconitum of Subgen. Aconitum. The primitive Types V and VI roots of Subgen. Lycoctonum contain mainly the most low-toxic alkaloids of lycoctonine Type. The result is of significance both in theory or practice for the development of medicinal plant resourcesand the safety of clinical usage of these of plants.     

地胆草与白花地胆草脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析及抑菌活性研究

采用溶剂萃取法提取地胆草(Elephantopusscaber Linn.)和白花地胆草(Elephantopustomentosus Linn.)的脂溶性成分,经GC-MS分析,从地胆草中鉴定出44种化学成分,占总脂溶性成分的93.72%;从白花地胆草中鉴定出25种化学成分,占总脂溶性成分的82.08%。地胆草和白花地胆草在萜类成分含量具有显著性差异。通过滤纸片琼脂扩散法测试其抗菌活性,结果表明地胆草与白花地胆草的脂溶性成分对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制活性,且白花地胆草的抑菌活性强于地胆草。     

五种橐吾属植物的核型研究

首次报道了5种国产橐吾属植物的核型,结果如下：东俄洛橐吾(Ligularia tongolensis)核型为2n=58=32m 14sm 12st;侧茎橐吾(L.pleurocaulis)四川稻城居群核型为2n=58=24m 32sm 2st 3～5B,云南中甸居群核型为2n=58=36m 22sm;云南橐吾(L．yunnanensis)核型为2n=58=28m 30sm;叶状鞘橐吾(L．phyllocolea)核型为2n=58=30m 24sm 4st 1B;浅苞橐吾(L．cynthceps)核型为2n=58=24m 34sm。5种橐吾染色体数目都为58。在叶状鞘橐吾和四川稻城产侧茎橐吾中发现有B染色体存在,这在以前对橐吾属及近缘属植物的核型研究中未见报道。