蚕丝生丝和熟丝在大鼠皮下降解的实验研究

目的:通过大鼠皮下埋植实验,从组织学角度探讨蚕丝(生丝和熟丝)在体内的降解。方法:将生丝和熟丝在SD大鼠皮下进行埋植,在第7、14、56、84、129、145天取材进行冰冻切片,分别进行H.E染色和DAPI、β-actin和CollagenⅠ免疫荧光染色观察。结果:在大鼠皮下埋植一定时间后,蚕丝的外表均被结缔组织包裹而在皮下形成包块。包块的直径在生丝和熟丝手术组间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在皮下埋植第7天观察到了蚕丝被降解的现象,在皮下埋植第145天仍然能够观察到大量未被降解的蚕丝。结论:蚕丝在体内的降解不是一个匀速的过程,其降解进程与细胞的动员有关,成纤维细胞参与此过程并分泌胶原蛋白。     

丝胶蛋白粉末的制备及其应用于L-天冬酰胺酶的固定化

蚕丝蛋白经高压高温水脱胶后所得的丝胶溶液,经过纯化、浓缩以及喷雾干燥,制成丝胶蛋白粉末.这种丝胶蛋白分子质量高达200 ku,其粉末呈白色,平均粒度10 μm,为热水溶性蛋白.以这种丝胶蛋白粉末为载体,用戊二醛为交联剂,制成固定化L-天冬酰胺酶.对这种固定化酶活性和动力学性质进行初步研究和分析,结果表明这种固定化酶性能稳定,对热的稳定性有所提高,并具有较好的操作稳定性,抗胰蛋白酶水解能力大大提高.     

蛋白质二级结构的真空紫外圆二色性研究

利用同步辐射真空紫外圆二色谱仪和特制的样品池,测定溶液中蛋白质的真空紫外圆二色谱,测定波长低至175nm,并应用一种新的计算法分析计算了蛋白质5种二级结构的含量,所得结果与用X射线衍射法测定的结果一致.讨论了获得好的真空紫外圆二色谱的几个重要因素.结果表明,真空紫外圆二色法是目前测定溶液中蛋白质二级结构的较好方法之一.     

紫外可见分光光度法测定杜仲绿原酸含量的方法研究

目前,测定绿原酸含量的方法很多,常采用毛细管电泳法、ＨＰＬＣ法、可见分光光度法和纸层析-紫外可见分光光度法等[1,2,3,4]。但样品处理均采用索氏回流提取,后经层析分离洗脱等步骤,时间长、效率低。本文采用紫外可见分光光度法测定绿原酸含量,只需超声波提取一小时,不经...     

微芯片电泳-紫外检测系统分析蛋白质

微芯片电泳是基于微机电加工技术(MEMS)工艺,在芯片上的微管道中完成电泳检测过程的新型技术.依据紫外吸光度分析法,对蛋白质样品进行电泳分离与紫外检测.实验采用自控接口模板对进样及分离电压进行了系统的程序化控制,从而准确地控制整个电泳、检测流程,提高了微芯片电泳的分离效率和检测灵敏度.实验结果表明,夹流进样的方法可以有效分离混合蛋白,可用于蛋白质样品的分离检测.     

双波长紫外吸收法测定L-苯丙氨酸含量

采用双波长紫外吸收法测定转化液中L 苯丙氨酸含量 ,测定波长为 2 5 8nm ,参比波长为 2 78nm。由Acr2 78=138.18C+0 .0 0 85γ =0 .9995得到肉桂酸浓度Cr ,再由A2 58=ACr2 58+Acp2 5 8=76 .5 31Cr +.94 4 6Cp +0 .0 36 6 ,计算出L 苯丙氨酸含量Cp。此方法快速、简便、准确度高、除杂效果好 ,适用于生产过程控制。     

系列海洋特征性寡糖抗紫外辐射构效关系研究

本文通过测定在紫外光胁迫下系列海洋特征性寡糖——褐藻寡糖、岩藻寡糖和壳寡糖分别对革兰氏阴性、阳性菌的抗辐射保护作用,并结合特征性寡糖的紫外吸收光谱及清除自由基能力初步探讨海洋活性寡糖抗紫外辐射作用机理及同分子量级海洋寡糖链间构效关系。结果表明三种活性寡糖均具有抗紫外线辐射作用,其效果与寡糖浓度呈正相关。三种海洋寡糖,抗辐射效果依次为褐藻寡糖>壳寡糖>岩藻糖。通过构效关系研究表明,抗辐射过程中特征性糖链的双键紫外吸收作用在细菌抗辐射保护过程中起主导作用,而特征性糖链的清除自由基能力具有辅助作用。     

紫外辐射增强对植物糖代谢的影响

综述了UV-B辐射增强对植物叶片、茎、根、果实以及籽粒中糖含量影响的研究现状与动态,从生理学角度分析了UV-B辐射对植物糖含量和糖代谢相关的一些重要反应及其影响植物糖含量和糖代谢的关键酶的响应,并从植物的光合碳固定、糖的合成与分解等方面阐述了UV-B影响糖含量及糖代谢的可能机理。展望了今后紫外辐射增强对植物糖代谢影响的研究重点和研究方向。     

枯草菌HemAT蛋白质结合配基O2的构象变化——紫外共振拉曼光谱研究

枯草菌HemAT蛋白质是新近发现的一种基于血红素的趋氧性同型二聚体蛋白质。作者对此蛋白质进行了表达和提纯。用紫外共振拉曼光谱研究了全分子和传感域HemAT在与配基O2结合时的构象变化。发现O2配基与HemAT蛋白质的结合使传感域中Trp和Tyr的环境发生变化,而对连接域中Tyr的环境影响可忽略不计。信号发送域对O2配基引起的Trp和Tyr的环境变化不产生影响。O2配基与HemAT蛋白质的结合使得G-螺旋发生位移,传感域与信号发送域通过某种互感方式把O2结合信号从传感域传递到信号发送域。     

阳光紫外辐射对室内水培发状念珠藻生理特性的影响

发状念珠藻（Nostoc flagelliforme Bornet & Flahault）是一种重要的陆生经济蓝藻,室内培育出的原植体如何适应阳光辐射的问题尚需探讨。为此,作者将室内水培发菜置于阳光下培养,测定了其生长、有效光化学效率（F/Fm΄）和色素的变化。结果表明,较高的可见光（PAR,395－700 nm）和紫外辐射（UVR,280－395 nm）均导致水培发菜的F/Fm΄下降。第1天中午,PAR和UVR分别使F/Fm΄下降了54％和13％;傍晚,F/Fm΄有部分恢复。UVR对发菜适应阳光2d后的生长无负面作用。发菜在适应全阳光辐射期间,紫外吸收物质（Scytonemin和Mycosporine-like amino acids）含量不断增加,9d后,分别增加了124倍和9倍。这些紫外吸收物质的增加对发菜细胞降低光抑制,适应阳光辐射,起到了重要作用。本研究的结果可为水培发菜室外培养方法的建立提供一定的理论依据。     

Isolation of Three Main Sericin Components from the Cocoon of the Silkworm,Bombyx mori

To characterize the sericin components of the cocoon of silkworm Bombyx mori, fresh cocoon shells were dissolved in saturated aqueous lithium thiocyanate containing 2-mercaptoethanol, and fractionated by ethanol precipitation. Cocoon sericin was found to mainly consist of three polypeptides having molecular masses of the 400, 250, and 150 kDa estimated by SDS-PAGE, which corresponds to the sericin present in the middle, anterior, and posterior part of the middle silk gland. The amino acid compositions of the 400 and 150 kDa components were similar to each other, but that of the 250 kDa component was different. This suggests differences in the coding gene and properties of the 250 kDa sericin from the other two.     

天然产物对家蚕乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用研究

用Sephadex G-25、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow和Sephadex G-200方法分离纯化家蚕头部中的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE),以有机磷化学农药为阳性对照,比较分析几种天然产物对AChE纯酶液与粗酶液的抑制效果.结果 表明,经过一系列步骤的纯化,最后所得AChE是纯度较高的酶液,并且纯化后的AChE对抑制作用更敏感.同时实验选取的大部分天然产物提取物对纯化后的AChE都有一定的抑制作用,其中绣线菊乙醇提取物对纯酶的IC50达到了0.091×10-3 g·mL-1.     

Strain Rate and Anisotropic Microstructure Dependent Mechanical Behaviors of Silkworm Cocoon Shells

Silkworm cocoons are multi-layered composite structures comprised of high strength silk fiber and sericin, and their mechanical properties have been naturally selected to protect pupas during metamorphosis from various types of external attacks. The present study attempts to gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties of cocoon shell materials from wild silkworm species Antheraea pernyi under dynamic loading rates. Five dynamic strain rates from 0.00625 s^-1 to 12.5 s^-1 are tested to show the strain rate sensitivity of the cocoon shell material. In the meantime, the anisotropy of the cocoon shell is considered and the cocoon shell specimens are cut along 0°, 45° and 90° orientation to the short axis of cocoons. Typical mechanical properties including Young’s modulus, yield strength, ultimate strength and ultimate strain are extracted and analyzed from the stress-strain curves. Furthermore, the fracture morphologies of the cocoon shell specimens are observed under scanning electron microscopy to help understand the relationship between the mechanical properties and the microstructures of the cocoon material. A discussion on the dynamic strain rate effect on the mechanical properties of cocoon shell material is followed by fitting our experimental results to two previous models, and the effect could be well explained. We also compare natural and dried cocoon materials for the dynamic strain rate effect and interestingly the dried cocoon shells show better overall mechanical properties. This study provides a different perspective on the mechanical properties of cocoon material as a composite material, and provides some insight for bio-inspired engineering materials.     

A Strain of Rosa damascena Cultured Cells Resistant to Ultraviolet Light

A strain of cultured cells of Rosa damascena Mill. which showed unusual resistance to damage by short wave (254 nanometers) ultraviolet radiation was isolated. The resistant cells were 2.2 to 2.8 times larger and had about twice the amount of DNA and more chromosomes than the parental, sensitive cells. The resistant cells also produced larger quantities of polyphenolic compounds, principally flavonoids, during the later phases of culture growth. At 10 days, resistant cells had 4 times more nonflavonoid polyphenolics and 14 times more flavonoids than parental cells. The resistance, which was also observed only in the later phases of culture growth, was best correlated with the production of polyphenolics, which apparently shielded ultraviolet-sensitive target molecules from damage.     

紫外线诱变深黄被孢霉选育花生四烯酸高产菌株

为获得生长活力较强, 产花生四烯酸能力强的菌株, 以微生物油脂产量和花生四烯酸产量为评价指标, 采用2轮紫外线诱变的方法, 利用单因素试验确定紫外线照射时间, 并采用气相色谱分析花生四烯酸含量。试验结果表明: 紫外灯功率20 W, 照射距离30 cm, 照射时间80 s, 其致死率为76.4%。经过诱变及菌种筛选, 获得1株高产菌株Z80s2-109, 其总油脂含量为16 g/L, 花生四烯酸产量为2.34 g/L, 花生四烯酸产量比原始对照菌株提高377%, 并且遗传性能稳定。     

Effects of Natural Intensities of Visible and Ultraviolet Radiation on Epidermal Ultraviolet Screening and Photosynthesis in Grape Leaves

Grape (Vitis vinifera cv Silvaner) vine plants were cultivated under shaded conditions in the absence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in a greenhouse, and subsequently placed outdoors under three different light regimes for 7 d. Different light regimes were produced by filters transmitting natural radiation, or screening out the UV-B (280-315 nm), or screening out the UV-A (315-400 nm) and the UV-B spectral range. During exposure, synthesis of UV-screening phenolics in leaves was quantified using HPLC: All treatments increased concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acids but the rise was highest, reaching 230% of the initial value, when UV radiation was absent. In contrast, UV-B radiation specifically increased flavonoid concentrations resulting in more than a 10-fold increase. Transmittance in the UV of all extracted phenolics was lower than epidermal UV transmittance determined fluorimetrically, and the two parameters were curvilinearly related. It is suggested that curvilinearity results from different absorption properties of the homogeneously dissolved phenolics in extracts and of the non-homogeneous distribution of phenolics in the epidermis. UV-B-dependent inhibition of maximum photochemical yield of photosystem II (PSII), measured as variable fluorescence of dark-adapted leaves, recovered in parallel to the buildup of epidermal screening for UV-B radiation, suggesting that PSII is protected against UV-B damage by epidermal screening. However, UV-B inhibition of CO(2) assimilation rates was not diminished by efficient UV-B screening. We propose that protection of UV-B inactivation of PSII is observed because preceding damage is efficiently repaired while those factors determining UV-B inhibition of CO(2) assimilation recover more slowly.