中间偃麦草染色体2Ai-2特异PCR新标记的建立和St基因组特异序列的克隆

中间偃麦草麦、小麦和小麦－中间偃麦草2Ai－2附加系Z1、Z2、X6,代换系ZD28等进行RAPD分析,从320个RAPD引物中,鉴定出2Ai－2染色体特异的2个RAPD标记OPO05650和OPMO414000。利用这2个特异OPO05和OPM04,PCR扩增普通小麦CS（ABD）及其近缘植物中间偃麦草（E1E2St）、拟鹅冠草（St）,长穗偃麦草（E）、簇毛麦（V）、黑麦（R）、大麦（H）粗山羊草（D）等基因组DNA。结果表明,OPO05650和OPO41400均是2Ai－2染色体上St基因组区域的特异标记。将上棕2个特异片段分离回收、克隆、测序,根据测序结果重新设计、合成特异引物,成功地转换RAPD标记为SCAR（sequence characterizked amplifed region）标记SC－05和SC－M4。利用SCAR标记对不同材料进行分析的结果表明,凡含有2Ai－2染色体的抗黄矮病材料及拟鹅冠草均产生一条扩增带,不含2Ai－2染色体的材料,包括小麦、长穗麦草、簇毛麦、黑麦、在麦、粗山羊草以有含有其他他中间偃麦草染色休的附加系,均没有扩增产物,说明上棕2个SCAR标记是中间偃麦草2Ai－2染色体的特异性PCR标记,且是2Ai－2染色体上St基因组区域的特异性标记。克隆与鉴定中间偃麦草的2个SCAR扩增片段TiSCO5和TiSCM4。结果表明,克隆的中间偃麦草TiSCO5和TiSCM4特异片段,分别是St基因组特异性的寡拷贝序列有多拷贝重复序列,为St基因组遗传研究的新探针。     

耐盐绒毛白蜡特异性SCAR分子标记的鉴定

该研究以耐盐型和盐敏感型绒毛白蜡及其F1代为材料,采用混合品系分析法进行RAPD分析。结果显示:在随机选取的150个10碱基随机引物中,仅有引物S20在耐盐基因池和盐敏感基因池间扩增出特异而可重复的592bp的多态性片段,命名为S20-592。获得的RAPD标记S20-592经克隆、测序、重新设计一对特异性引物转化成更稳定的SCAR标记。通过F1代个体验证,耐盐型个体均能扩增出此差异条带而盐敏感型个体中不能扩增出此差异条带,证明该SCAR标记的特异引物可用于耐盐绒毛白蜡物种的快速分子鉴定。     

5种杂交粳稻亲本SCAR标记的建立及其在真伪纯度鉴定中的应用

选用36个随机引物对"寒丰A"、"寒丰B"、"8204A"、"8204B"、"R161"等5份杂交粳稻亲本材料进行RAPD扩增,对其中特异RAPD标记片段进行克隆和测序.根据获得的特异DNA序列设计序列特征扩增区(SCAR)特异的引物,将18个RAPD标记转化成6个稳定的SCAR标记.用这些SCAR标记对亲本和杂种F1代单株进行检测,实验室检测种子纯度的结果与海南田间种植的结果基本一致.此外,应用水稻细胞质雄性不育特异的1对PCR引物,分辨出2对不育系/保持系亲本:"寒丰A"与"寒丰B"、"8204A"与"8204B".     

谭清苏铁性别连锁的RAPD和SCAR分子标记

利用RAPD(Random amplified polymorphicDNA)分子标记技术,寻找谭清苏铁(Cycas tanqingii)中与性别相关的分子标记,筛选了160个10bp的随机引物,产生了2500多个RAPD条带。只有引物S0465(CCCCGGTAAC)产生了一条大约500bp的雌性特异RAPD标记,该分子标记出现在所有的供试雌性植株中,而所有的供试雄性植株都不具有该标记。对该特异片段进行了克隆和序列测定,并根据序列分析结果将RAPD标记转化为重复性和特异性更好的特异特征序列扩增区域(SCAR)分子标记,并命名为STQC-S465-483。分子标记的建立可用于谭清苏铁幼苗性别的早期鉴定,为谭清苏铁就地保护和迁地保护提供技术支持。     

芽孢杆菌TS02特异RAPD标记的SCAR标记转化和验证

利用自主分离的蜡状芽孢杆菌菌株TS02, 采用RAPD方法对TS02及其同源性相近的5株芽孢杆菌(地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌) 进行了RAPD条带特异性分析, 从TS02基因组中筛选获得了一个533 bp的特异RAPD标记TSR1。TSR1克隆、测序后, 根据其序列设计出一对特异引物P1/P2进行扩增, 结果只在TS02中扩增得到目的片段, 而其余对照菌株扩增为阴性, 从而证明试验得到了在种水平上对该菌种进行准确鉴定的特异SCAR标记。     

大麻性别的RAPD和SCAR分子标记

利用随机扩增多态性DNA（random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)技术获得与大麻性别连锁的分子标记,将10株雄性大麻或10株雌性麻的单个DNA样品等量混合分别组成雄性或雌性DNA池（DNApool),以提供具有相同遗传背景的雄,雄性DNA样品。每个随机引物分别用三个不同的循环程序进行PCR扩增,在30个随机引物中,用引物S401扩增得到一条约2．5kb雄性多态性片段,对该片段进行了克隆和序列分析 ,并根据序列分析结果将上述RAPD分子标记转化为重复性和特异性更好的SCAR（Sequence characterized amplified regions)分子标记。     

烟草SCAR标记技术的建立

目的:通过烟草随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)标记技术建立烟草特征序列扩增区域(SCAR)标记技术,用于烟草品种鉴定。方法:对12个烟草品种的复烤叶片DNA进行RAPD分析,得到2个RAPD特异片段S1和S2,通过切胶回收,连接pUCm-T载体克隆转化,片段测序,设计特异性引物S1-1/S1-2和S2-1/S2-2,对SCAR-PCR扩增退火温度进行优化。结果:2个RAPD标记成功地转化为稳定快捷的SCAR标记,可将红花大金元和NC102等2个品种从12个烟草品种中快捷准确地鉴别出来。结论:SCAR标记可作为准确稳定的DNA水平的烟草品种鉴定方法,可对种植、复烤和配方品种的烟叶或叶片进行鉴别。     

谭清苏铁性别相关的RAPD标记研究

以谭清苏铁(Cycas tanqingii D.Y.Wang)雌雄植株半年生羽叶为材料,用优化的CTAB法分别提取其全基因组DNA,进行RAPD单因子梯度实验和正交实验以优化扩增条件。应用160个RAPD随机引物检测基因组DNA,雌雄植株均扩增出1450多条带,其中引物S0465扩增出与谭清苏铁雌株高度相关的RAPD标记,其大小约为500bp,该标记与雄株没有关联。     

葎草雄性连锁的RAPD标记的克隆与SCAR标记的建立

应用随机扩增的DNA多态性（RAPD）技术可以快速简便获得雌雄异株植物雌雄株间的基因组差异信息,本文采用该技术对律草雌雄混合基因池进行了扩增,在选用的100条10bD的随机引物中,引物S1519和S2142分别扩增出长度为1207bp和762bp的雄性连锁标记,对其进行回收克隆和测序后发现这两个片段富含AT序列,AT含量分别为64％、54．7％,经核苷酸数据库BLAST检索未发现其同源序列。根据测序结果设计的SCAR引物可以将这两个雄性连锁的RAPD标记转化为稳定性和特异性更好的SCAR标记。     

葡萄感霜霉病基因的分子标记(英文)

 在葡萄抗病育种中 ,幼苗期排除感霜霉病的后代具有特别重要的意义 .用 BSA,RAPD和SCAR方法研究了葡萄感霜霉病基因的分子标记 .分析了两个种间杂交组合 [毛葡萄 (抗病 )×欧洲葡萄 (感病 ) ]88- 1 1 0和 88- 84与 88- 1 1 0的 F1代自交或互交所得的 3个 F2 代 ,以及欧洲葡萄品种和中国野生葡萄种 .共筛选了 2 80个随机引物 .引物 OPO1 0产生了一个 RAPD标记 OPO1 0 - 80 0与葡萄感霜霉病主效基因紧密联锁 .将该 DNA片段克隆并测序 .OPO1 0 - 80 0的实际长度为 835bp,所以 OPO1 0 - 80 0应为 OPO1 0 - 835.据其两端序列 ,设计了一对长度为 2 6bp和 2 8bp的特异引物分别扩增上述试材 ,获得了与该 RAPD标记相同大小的一条带 ,将 RAPD标记转化为 SCAR标记SCO1 0 - 835.并证实了此 SCAR标记的通用性 ,该 SCAR标记可用于葡萄抗病育种中杂种后代对霜霉病的抗病与感病性鉴定 .     

Development of reliable PCR-based markers linked to downy mildew resistance genes in lettuce

Summary Sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs) were derived from eight random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to disease resistance genes in lettuce. SCARs are PCR-based markers that represent single, genetically defined loci that are identified by PCR amplification of genomic DNA with pairs of specific oligonucleotide primers; they may contain high-copy, dispersed genomic sequences within the amplified region. Amplified RAPD products were cloned and sequenced. The sequence was used to design 24-mer oligonucleotide primers for each end. All pairs of SCAR primers resulted in the amplification of single major bands the same size as the RAPD fragment cloned. Polymorphism was either retained as the presence or absence of amplification of the band or appeared as length polymorphisms that converted dominant RAPD loci into codominant SCAR markers. This study provided information on the molecular basis of RAPD markers. The amplified fragment contained no obvious repeated sequences beyond the primer sequence. Five out of eight pairs of SCAR primers amplified an alternate allele from both parents of the mapping population; therefore, the original RAPD polymorphism was likely due to mismatch at the primer sites.     

马铃薯瓢虫与茄二十八星瓢虫SCAR标记的建立及应用

为了探索快速鉴定马铃薯瓢虫Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata(Motschulsky)和茄二十八星瓢虫Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata(Fabricius)的分子生物学方法,本研究在随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)的基础上,分别设计了可以鉴别两个物种的序列特征扩增区域(sequence characterized amplified regions,SCAR)标记。从随机合成的60条引物中筛选出来2条特异性引物(分别为OPI-6和OPJ-15),引物OPI-6在马铃薯瓢虫中扩增出约750 bp的特异性条带,引物OPJ-15在茄二十八星中扩增出约750 bp的特异性条带,根据测序结果设计了两对SCAR引物对筛选结果进行验证,发现根据OPI-6的测序结果所设计的SCAR引物(OPI-6 test)仅能在马铃薯瓢虫中扩增出645 bp的条带,而根据OPJ-15的测序结果所设计的SCAR引物(OPJ-15 test)仅能在茄二十八星瓢虫中扩增出436 bp的条带。这两对SCAR引物能够准确、稳定且快速地区分马铃薯瓢虫与茄二十八星瓢虫,对这两种害虫的精准防控具有重要意义。     

陆地棉HB红花性状特异SCAR分子标记的开发

利用Operon系列引物筛选到1个与HB红花性状基因连锁的RAPD标记OPA15^1160,对差异条带进行克隆与核苷酸测序,根据测序结果设计SCAR引物,在HB红花近等基因系及其白花轮回亲本中进行PCR扩增程序优化和鉴定,筛选出一对引物可稳定扩增出与HB红花性状基因连锁的特异片段,获得了与HB红花性状基因紧密连锁的SCAR标记HB^-330。利用具黄色花瓣紫红色基斑的海岛棉与粉红花瓣的红叶棉等种质材料以7LHB红花近等基因系与白花轮回亲本杂交的F1、BC1F1、F2群体,对该SCAR标记的特异性与准确性进行了鉴定与验证,在红花植株中扩增出了330bp大小的片段而在白花植株中未扩增出,证明该标记准确性高、重复性好。HB红花是通过远缘杂交转自野生二倍体比克氏棉的性状,已成功地应用于性状标记杂交棉育种。该SCAR标记不仅为HB红花标记杂交种的纯度鉴定提供了有效技术手段,也为新品种保护提供了技术支持,促进了红花性状杂交种的分子标记辅助育种进程。     

Development of a SCAR marker and a strain‐specific genomic marker for the detection of the biocontrol agent strain CPA‐8 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (formerly B. subtilis)

In this work, reliable tools were developed to detect and identify the biocontrol strain CPA‐8 using DNA amplification techniques. As a first approach, the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) technique was applied to a collection of 77 related Bacillus species. Among the primers tested, the primer pair OPG1/OPG6 amplified a 668 bp specific product to the strain CPA‐8 that was sequenced and used to design SCAR (sequence‐characterised amplified regions) primer pairs. The SCAR‐4 marker amplified a semi‐specific fragment of 665 bp not only for the strain CPA‐8 but also for other 12 strains whose morphology was completely different from CPA‐8. Another approach was developed to obtain a strain‐specific genomic marker related to ecological adaptations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens species. The primer pair F2/R2 obtained from RBAM 007760, a gene involved in surface adhesion, amplified a 265 bp fragment unique for strain CPA‐8. Our results revealed that these two molecular markers, SCAR‐4 and RBAM 007760 F2/R2 provide suitable monitoring tools to specifically identify the biocontrol CPA‐8 when applied against brown rot caused by Monilinia spp. in stone fruit. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that the strain CPA‐8 is affiliated with B. amyloliquefaciens species that was formerly designated as Bacillus subtilis.     

与葡萄抗霜霉病基因紧密连锁的分子遗传标记

以种间杂交组合88-110［83-4-96（毛葡萄,抗霜霉病）×粉红玫瑰（欧洲葡萄,感霜霉病）］的F     

黑木耳Au185菌株一个SCAR标记的建立

在对60个供试黑木耳菌株RAPD指纹图谱进行分析的基础上获得了黑木耳菌株Au185的RAPD特异性标记,将其克隆、测序,应用Primer5.0软件设计相应的特异引物对SC38-1,将RAPD特异性标记转化为黑木耳菌株Au185的稳定方便的SCAR标记,可快速、准确地鉴定出黑木耳菌株Au185。     

Development of SCAR markers linked to powdery mildew (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Uncinula necator</Emphasis>) resistance in grapevine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitis vinifera</Emphasis> L. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitis</Emphasis> sp.)

Sequence-characterized amplified regions markers (SCARs) were developed from six randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the major QTL region for powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) resistance in a test population derived from the cross of grapevine cultivars “Regent” (resistant) × “Lemberger”(susceptible). RAPD products were cloned and sequenced. Primer pairs with at least 21 nucleotides primer length were designed. All pairs were tested in the F1 progeny of “Regent” × “Lemberger”. The SCAR primers resulted in the amplification of specific bands of expected sizes and were tested in additional genetic resources of resistant and susceptible germplasm. All SCAR primer pairs resulted in the amplification of specific fragments. Two of the SCAR markers named ScORA7-760 and ScORN3-R produced amplification products predominantly in resistant individuals and were found to correlate to disease resistance. ScORA7-760, in particular, is suitable for marker-assisted selection for powdery mildew resistance and to facilitate pyramiding powdery mildew resistance genes from various sources.