人参愈伤组织的诱导

本文以MS、N_6、B_5、Blaydes、I、Fox等七种基本培养基,附加激素2,4—D0.1—2毫克/升、萘乙酸0.2—6.0毫克/升、吲哚乙酸2.0毫克/升、激动素1—4毫克/升、水解蛋白300毫克/升、6—苄基膘呤等组成20组培养基,对人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer.)进行组织培养,分别从根、茎、叶(主脉和侧脉部分)、叶柄、花序基部、花瓣和嫩果等9个组织部位中诱导出愈伤组织。     

人参水提物对硬紫草愈伤组织生长及色素形成的影响

将不同浓度的人参愈伤组织水提物,加入不同培养阶段的硬紫草愈伤组织中,结果发现:在 LG 阶段加入人参愈伤组织水提物对生长的促进作用是明显的。以10PPM 最适,约比对照增加19.3%,而且伴随浓度增加而减弱,当浓度超过40PPM 时就表现出明显的抑制作用。LP 阶段加入人参愈伤组织水提物,只有在高浓度时才能表现出促进作用。     

糖类对柳橙胚愈伤组织生长的影响

糖类是植物组织和细胞培养中培养基的必要成分之一,它不仅是植物细胞生长所需的碳源,也是维持细胞生长所要求的渗透压的渗透稳定剂。由于不同植物、同一植物不同组织的细胞生长所要求的渗透压不同,对各种糖的降解利用能力也不同。糖的种类和浓度势必影响到植物组织和细胞培养中愈伤组织的形成、生长和分化。糖类对柑桔愈伤组织形成和分化的影响已有一些研究,但对其生长的影响尚未见较系统的报道。本文以柳橙胚愈伤组织作材料,从生长状况、过氧化物酶同工酶谱和酶活性等方面对这个问题进行探讨,以找出糖的最佳种类和浓度,为柑桔组织和细胞培养提供合适的碳源。     

马齿苋多糖提取物对翅果油树愈伤组织诱导的影响

采用传统热浸提工艺,从马齿苋植株中提取多糖.以B1培养基为基础,通过添加0.15 g/L的抗褐变剂Vc及不同浓度的马齿苋多糖,研究了其对翅果油树愈伤组织培养的抗褐变作用.结果显示:(1)马齿苋多糖对愈伤组织培养中的褐变有一定缓解作用.(2)经筛选,得到0.19 g/L为最适的多糖添加物浓度,子叶愈伤组织产生生物量最多,抗褐变效果与Vc的作用相似,愈伤组织生命周期也明显缩短.     

高压静电场对银杏愈伤组织生长的影响

银杏愈伤组织经１ ．０ｋＶ／ ｃｍ 强度的高压静电处理后, 愈伤组织生长速率提高, 超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ） 活性和蛋白质及糖含量增加,过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ） 和吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ） 氧化酶活性下降。实验表明,正高压静电场促进银杏愈伤组织细胞的生长,与ＨＶＥＦ 影响体内ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ 和ＩＡＡ 氧化酶活性以及蛋白质和糖含量的变化相关     

不同抗生素对雪莲愈伤组织生长的影响

以雪莲叶片为外植体,探讨了卡那霉素(kanamycin,Kan)、潮霉素(hygromycin B,Hyg)、羧苄青霉素(car-benidillin,Car)3种抗生素对雪莲愈伤组织诱导、生长及分化的影响,以确定农杆菌介导的遗传转化研究中筛选剂和抑菌剂的最适浓度。结果表明:40mg/L的卡那霉素已抑制雪莲愈伤组织生长,当卡那霉素为50mg/L时,愈伤组织的生长基本停止;8.0mg/L潮霉素能够有效抑制雪莲愈伤组织的生长,当潮霉素为20mg/L时则生长的愈伤组织块较小、褐化、甚至死亡。同时,低浓度(0.5～2.0mg/L)的潮霉素可以提高雪莲愈伤组织的分化率;作为农杆菌抑菌剂,不同浓度羧苄青霉素对雪莲愈伤组织生长的影响差异极显著,当羧苄青霉素的浓度超过400mg/L时对雪莲愈伤组织的出愈及生长均有明显的抑制作用。     

有机锗对绞股蓝愈伤组织生长及皂苷含量的影响

绞股蓝（Gynostemmapentaphyllum）的嫩茎以MS＋2mg／L2,4D＋ling／LBA的培养基诱导成愈伤组织,愈伤组织经继代数次后再以MS＋0．5mg／L2,4D＋0．2ms／LBA并加入不同浓度有机锗（Ge－132,由南昌大学化学系有机锗一132研制组提供）的培养基进行培养,20d后测定皂音含量［何心亮．中草药,1987,18（10）：15］、鲜重和干重。结果如下：门）薄层层析显示各种样品均呈现与人参皂着Re相同的紫红色斑点（图略）。（2）有机锗促进绞股蓝愈伤组织的生长和皂苦的积累,与一定量的植物生长调节剂配合使用时效果更佳。有机锗的适宜浓度为5…     

TDZ对喜树愈伤组织生长及色素积累的影响

目的:研究苯基噻二唑基脲(Thidiazuron,TDZ)对喜树愈伤组织生长及叶绿素、花青素积累的影响。方法:采用TDZ单独应用及合并植物激素对喜树愈伤组织进行了继代培养。结果:单独应用TDZ时1mg/L为组织生长最适浓度。1mg/L TDZ+0.5mg/L NAA可显著促进愈伤组织的生长及叶绿素的积累,1mg/L TDZ+0.5mg/L 2,4-D培养条件下花青素含量高于单独应用TDZ培养。结论:TDZ在喜树愈伤组织培养中可替代植物激素并对细胞植物色素积累有明显影响。     

卡那霉素对地灵愈伤组织诱导和生长的影响

卡那霉素对地灵愈伤组织的诱导和生长均有抑制作用,随着卡那霉素浓度增加,愈伤组织形成的比率降低,质量增加幅度减小。不同的外植体对卡那霉素的敏感度不同,茎的敏感度明显高于叶片。当浓度超过30mg/L时,茎愈伤组织的诱导及生长几乎完全受到抑制。因此,在地灵的遗传转化中,30mg/L是卡那霉素的适宜浓度。     

枸杞子对云芝菌丝体生长和多糖含量的影响

本文主要研究了枸杞子水煎液的不同浓度对云芝菌丝体生长和云芝多糖积累的影响,试验结果表明,低浓度的枸杞子水煎液有明显的促进作用,高浓度的枸杞子水煎液不表现过强的抑制作用.     

6-苄基腺嘌呤对平菇和香菇菌丝体4种胞外酶活性的影响

在马铃薯液体培养基中,通过活加不同剂量的6－苄基腺嘌呤（6－BA）,测定了平菇和香菇菌丝体4种胞外酶活性的变化。结果表明,低浓度的外源6－BA对平菇、香菇菌丝体4种胞外酶活性都有促进作用,高浓度时则逐渐抑制酶活性。其中,培养液浓度为1．5mg/100mL时,它们扔包外粉酶（Amy）、羧甲基纤维素酶（CMC）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性最高;而它们的胞外蛋白酶的最适浓度为0．5mg/100mL。     

发酵茯苓菌丝体和天然茯苓多糖的研究

本文对发酵茯苓菌丝体和天然茯苓中多糖的提取分离进行了研究,并分别测定了二者总多糖的提取率及总糖的平均含量。发酵茯苓菌丝体和天然茯苓中总多糖的提取率分别为24.47%和82.93%;发酵茯苓菌丝体和天然茯苓总糖的平均含量分别为45.17%和87.24%。     

Effect of Polyphenols on the Growth and Enzymes of Some Animal Cells

The effect was investigated of some polyphenol compounds on the growth and intracellular enzyme activity of human-derived cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Quercetin, a mutagen, inhibited the growth of serum-free cultured human-human hybridomas (SI102 and HB4C5) and a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line (U-937), but did not affect the growth of CHO cells. Glycosides of quercetin such as quercetin-4′-glucoside (Q-4′-G), quercetin-3,4′-glucoside (Q-3,4′-G) and rutin, and other polyphenol compounds (catechin and epicatechin) had no significant inhibiting effect on the growth of human-derived cells or CHO cells. These compounds slightly promoted the growth of human-derived cells. Most of the polyphenols used increased the activity of a drug-metabolizing enzyme, NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, in the U-937 cells and CHO cells, this effect being more marked in the CHO cells than in the U-937 cells. Quercetin markedly reduced the activity of catalase in the human-derived cell lines, while it slightly activated catalase in the CHO cells. Rutin, Q-4′-G, Q-3,4′-G, catechin and epicatechin produced no significant change in catalase activity. Quercetin also reduced the activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in the U-937 cells.     

五倍子水煎剂对表皮葡萄球菌生物膜抑制的研究

通过五倍子水煎剂对表皮葡萄球菌MIC测定和生物膜形成干预的研究,为表皮葡萄球菌引起感染提供新的治疗途径。用微量肉汤稀释法分别测定五倍子水煎剂对表皮葡萄球菌的MIC;刚果红及刚果红红霉素、五倍子水煎剂琼脂平板测定表皮葡萄球菌PIA生成与抑制;五倍子水煎剂、红霉素干预表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成,于光镜和电镜下观察其生物膜形态。134株表皮葡萄球菌五倍子水煎剂的MIC50为0.488 mg/mL,MIC90为0.977 mg/mL。134株表皮葡萄球菌中有50株为PIA阳性,PIA阳性的50株菌全部产生生物膜,红霉素对表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成有抑制,而五倍子水煎剂则无。表皮葡萄球菌PIA的相互作用在其生物膜的生成中起主要作用;五倍子水煎剂对表皮葡萄球菌生长有明显的抑制但对生物膜形成无干预作用。     

绿色产色链霉菌突变株发酵菌丝体对青脚土杂肉鸡生长性能和肌肉品质的影响

在青脚土杂肉鸡口粮中按照600mg／kg的比例添加绿色产色链霉菌诱变菌株W26菌株的液体深层发酵菌丝体,考察茼丝体别‘肉鸡的生产性能和肌肉品质的影响。实验结果表明：日粮中添加600mg／kg的绿色产色链霉菌菌丝体,叮以显著提高肉鸡的活体重,动物日增重与对照组相比提高了26．84％,显著改善了饲料转化率（P〈0．05）。菌丝体的添加可以提高肉鸡肌肉中必需氨基酸、蛋白质、灰分的含量,降低肌肉肌间脂肪含量,但效果不显著。综合实验结果说明,绿色产色链霉菌诱变菌株的液体深层发酵菌丝体可以显著提高青脚土杂肉鸡的生长性能。     

Comparison of the Protective Effect of Garlic Extract and Cell Defense during Adaptive Response

The resistance of human cell DNA to damaging doses of CdCl₂ or radiation has been investigated after pretreatment with garlic extract (GE) or with adaptive doses of the same mutagens. The adaptive response (AR) and pretreatment with GE stabilize the DNA structure in a similar way. In experiments with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO), GE does not stabilize DNA structure but increases the rate and volume of repair of induced breaks. 3-Aminobenzamide (3-AB) increases the number of DNA breaks induced in experiments with CdCl₂, radiation, and 4-NQO. This suggests that poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase participates defense of cells from mutagens. Thus, it has been demonstrated that cell defense from CdCl₂ or radiation in experiments with GE and AO is mediated by stabilization of DNA structure and in experiments with 4-NQO, by activation of repair of DNA breaks induced.     

The Effect of Gravity Compensation on Growth and Cell Wall-loosening Enzymes in Helianthus annuus Hypocotyls

The effect of gravity compensation by the clinostat on the elongation, weight, and activity of two cell wall-loosening enzymes (cellulase and β-1,3-glucanase) in Helianthus annuus hypocotyls was examined. Gravity compensation increases elongation (28.1 %) and weight (18.3 %). The activity of cellulase extracted from the apical sections is raised, but there is no significant effect on β-1,3-glucanase. The relationship between gravity compensation, changes in auxin level, and function of these two enzymes in respect to elongation is discussed.     

The Importance of Amine-degrading Enzymes on the Biogenic Amine Degradation in Fermented Foods: A review

Biogenic amines (BAs) are a class of harmful compounds often be found in high protein foods, especially naturally fermented foods. BAs derive from free amino acid decarboxylation through microbial activities and can cause toxic effects (headache, heart palpitations, vomiting) on humans, depending on individual sensitivity. Indigenous amine-degrading strains or strains producing amine-degrading enzymes (ADEs) have drawn great attention since they play an important role in affecting BA accumulation, and enzymes/genes involved in the biosynthetic mechanisms. They also help maintain the sensory quality of the final products. Besides, due to ADEs’ harmless catalytic products, they can be further utilized in fermented foods and beverages to reduce BAs. This review describes in detail the mechanisms of BAs formation, as well as the diversity of ADEs able to degrade BAs in a model or real food systems. A deeper knowledge of this issue is crucial because ADEs’ activities are often associated with strains rather than species or genera. Moreover, this information can help to improve the selection and characterization of strains for further applications as starters or bioprotective cultures, to obtain high-quality foods with reduced BAs contents.     

天然茯苓和液体发酵茯苓粉末的研究

液体发酵茯苓为一种新型的发酵中药。本文在粉末显微特征、多糖、灰分和氨基酸含量等方面,对液体发酵茯苓粉末和天然茯苓粉末展开了研究。研究结果表明二者在显微特征和化学成分等方面均存在较大的差异,探讨了上述差异产生的原因。