Double vision corrected by thalamic stimulation

Three patients with chronic headaches also complained of double vision. Additional findings were bilateral eye blinking in 1 patient and ipsilateral eye roll in another which became synchronous with heart rate during perturbation of the mesothalamic area. Mesothalamic stimulation attenuated the discharges and the above signs and symptoms. Mechanisms underlying these ocular disturbances are discussed.     

Double vision: pigment genes do more than just color

The use of P element collections led to the discovery of unanticipated effects from common genetic background mutants white, brown, and rosy in our previously reported model of tauopathy that expresses full-length human tau in the fly eye, in which mutant rosy suppresses mutant white and brown worsening of tau-induced toxicity (Ambegaokar & Jackson, 2010, Genetics, v. 186, p. 435-42). Here we discuss further possible effects of mini-white and evidence for autophagy as a mediator of white enhancement of tau toxicity.     

A shared vision

One of today's most powerful technologies in biomedical research--the creation of mutant mice by gene targeting in embryonic stem (ES) cells--was finally celebrated in this year's Nobel Prize in Medicine. The history of how ES cells were first discovered and genetically manipulated highlights the importance of collaboration among scientists from different backgrounds with a shared vision.     

The Medawar Lecture 2001 knowledge for vision: vision for knowledge

An evolutionary development of perception is suggested-from passive reception to active perception to explicit conception-earlier stages being largely retained and incorporated in later species. A key is innate and then individually learned knowledge, giving meaning to sensory signals. Inappropriate or misapplied knowledge produces rich cognitive phenomena of illusions, revealing normally hidden processes of vision, tentatively classified here in a 'periodic table'. Phenomena of physiology are distinguished from phenomena of general rules and specific object knowledge. It is concluded that vision uses implicit knowledge, and provides knowledge for intelligent behaviour and for explicit conceptual understanding including science.