Background: This study is to investigate the roles of muscarinic receptor 3 (M3 receptor) in the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) upregulated beta-arrestin-1 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HPMVEC).
Methods: HPMVECs were transfected with a shRNA-containing plasmid that specifically targets M3 receptor mRNA. Cells were collected to measure F-actin contents, levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), as well as changes of F-actin cytoskeleton arrangement by Laser scanning confocal. Beta-arrestin-1 protein expressions were determined by Western blot and beta-arrestin-1 mRNA expressions were measured by Real-time PCR.
Results: Similar to normal cells, PHC could also increase F-actin contents and beta-arrestin-1 expressions, reduce ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions, and inhibit LPS-stimulated reorganization of F-actin and formation of stress fiber in M3 receptor shRNA group. Compared with normal cells, F-actin cytoskeleton was neat, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions were decreased, as well as F-actin contents were increased in M3 receptor shRNA group. However, there were no differences in beta-arrestin-1 expressions between normal cell groups and M3 receptor shRNA groups.
Conclusion: These results indicate that M3 receptor plays an important role in pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier function, and knock-out of M3 receptor could attenuate LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial injury. However, upregulative effect of PHC on beta-arrestin-1 expression is independent with presence of M3 receptor. 相似文献
Bovine thyroid glands are known to contain a complex array of gangliosides. One of the predominant gangliosides was isolated and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The carbohydrate composition was fucose, N-acetylneuraminic acid, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and glucose in molar ratios of 1:1:2:1:1. The structure of the ganglioside was identified as: 相似文献
Aims: To determine whether a correlation exists between paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of a novel inflammatory biomarker, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), in different neurological conditions.
Methods: HMGB1 was measured in the serum and CSF of 46 neurological patients (18 idiopathic intracranial hypertension [IIH], 18 neurological infection/inflammation [NII] and 10 Rasmussen’s encephalitis [RE]).
Results: Mean serum (±?SD) HMGB1 levels were 1.43?±?0.54, 25.28?±?27.9 and 1.89?±?1.49?ng/ml for the patients with IIH, NII and RE, respectively. Corresponding mean (±?SD) CSF levels were 0.35?±?0.22, 4.48?±?6.56 and 2.24?±?2.35?ng/ml. Both CSF and serum HMGB1 was elevated in NII. Elevated CSF HMGB1 was demonstrated in RE. There was no direct correlation between CSF and serum levels of HMGB1.
Conclusion: Serum HMGB1 cannot be used as a surrogate measure for CSF levels. CSF HMGB1 was elevated in NII and RE, its role as a prognostic/stratification biomarker needs further study. 相似文献