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1.
Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding two self-incompatibility associated proteins in Solanum chacoense 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Bibo Xu Jinghong Mu Diana L. Nevins Paul Grun Teh-hui Kao 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1990,224(3):341-346
Summary We have isolated and sequenced cDNAs for S2- and S3-alleles of the self-incompatibility locus (S-locus) in Solanum chacoense Bitt., a wild potato species displaying gametophytic self-incompatibility. The S2-and S3-alleles encode pistil-specific proteins of 30 kDa and 31 kDa, respectively, which were previously identified based on cosegregation with their respective alleles in genetic crosses. The amino acid sequence homology between the S2- and S3-proteins is 41.5%. This high degree of sequence variability between alleles is a distinctive feature of the S-gene system. Of the 31 amino acid residues which were previously found to be conserved among three Nicotiana alata S-proteins (S2, S3, and S6) and two fungal ribonucleases (R Nase T2 and R Nase Rh), 27 are also conserved in the S2- and S3-proteins of S. chacoense. These residues include two histidines implicated in the active site of the R Nase T2, six cysteines, four of which form disulfide bonds in R Nase T2, and hydrophobic residues which might form the core structure of the protein. The finding that these residues are conserved among S-proteins with very divergent sequences suggests a functional role for the ribonuclease activity of the S-protein in gametophytic self-incompatibility. 相似文献
2.
Sequence of an S-protein of Lycopersicon peruvianum and comparison with other solanaceous S-proteins
D. -S. Tsai H. -S. Lee L. C. Post K. M. Kreiling Teh-hui Kao 《Sexual plant reproduction》1992,5(4):256-263
Summary cDNA clones for an S-allele, designated S5, of the self-incompatibility locus (S-locus) of Lycopersicon peruvianum have been isolated by probing a pistil cDNA library with cDNAs for S-alleles of Petunia inflata and Solanum chacoense. The longest S5-cDNA is 869 bp and contains an open reading frame of 217 amino acids. An alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence of S5-protein with that of the 18 S-proteins from five other solanaceous species is presented. Sequence comparison further refines the primary structural features of the S-proteins previously revealed from comparison of subsets of these sequences. Based on this comparison and evidence presented elsewhere, it is proposed that accumulation of point mutations, and not intragenic recombination, is responsible for the generation of new allelic specificities. 相似文献
3.
Petunia inflata, a species with gametophytic self-incompatibility, has previously been found to contain a large number of ribonucleases in the pistil. The best characterized of the pistil ribonucleases are the products of the S alleles, the S proteins, which are thought to be involved in self-incompatibility interactions. Here we report the characterization of a gene encoding another pistil ribonuclease of P. inflata, RNase X2. Degenerate oligonucleotides, synthesized based on the amino-terminal sequence of RNase X2, were used as probes to isolate cDNA clones, one of which was in turn used as a probe to isolate genomic clones containing the gene for RNase X2, rnx2. The deduced amino acid sequence of RNase X2 shows 42% to 71% identity to the 20 solanaceous S proteins reported so far, with the highest degree of similarity being to S3 and S6 proteins of Nicotiana alata. The cDNA sequence predicts a leader peptide of 22 amino acids, suggesting that RNase X2, like S proteins, is an extracellular ribonuclease. Also, similar to the S gene, rnx2 is expressed only in the pistil, and contains a single intron comparable in size and identical in location to that of the S gene. However, rnx2 is not linked to the S locus, and, in contrast to the highly polymorphic S gene, it is monomorphic. The possible biological function of RNase X2 is discussed. 相似文献
4.
Mare K. Saba-El-Leil Sylvain Rivard David Morse Mario Cappadocia 《Plant molecular biology》1994,24(4):571-583
A genomic clone of the S11 allele from the self-incompatibility locus (S locus) in Solanum chacoense Bitt. has been isolated by cross-hybridization to the S. chacoense S13 allele and sequenced. The sequence of the S11 allele contains all the features expected for S genes of the Solanaceae, and S11 expression, as assessed by northern blots and RNA-PCR, was similar to that of other S. chacoense S alleles. The S11 protein sequence shares 95% identity with the phenotypically distinct S13 protein of S. chacoense and is the gametophytic S allele with the highest similarity to an existing allele so far discovered. Only 10 amino acid changes differentiate the mature proteins from these two alleles, which sets a new lower limit to the number of changes that can produce an altered S allele specificity. The amino acid substitutions are not clustered, suggesting that an accumulation of random point mutations can generate S allele diversity. The S11 intron is unusual in that it could be translated in frame with the coding sequence, thus suggesting an additional mechanism for the generation of new S alleles. 相似文献
5.
G. Hutvágner Z. Bánfalvi I. Milánkovics D. Silhavy Z. Polgár S. Horváth P. Wolters J.-P. Nap 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(6-7):1065-1071
Leptines of Solanum chacoense are effective natural deterrents against the Colorado potato beetle. Leptines are the acetylated forms of the glycoalkaloids
solanine and chaconine and are supposed to be synthesised via hydroxylated derivatives, called leptinines. Inheritance of
leptinine production was studied in crosses of closely related S. chacoense genotypes. The segregation data supported a single-gene model for the inheritance of leptinine production. In the segregating
F1 population of a S. chacoense cross, AFLP, RFLP and RAPD markers segregating with the leptinine production have been identified. The locus involved in
leptinine synthesis was localised to the short arm of chromosome 1 of the potato where a major QTL for solanidine production,
and markers with tight linkage to leptine production, have been mapped before. Our data further support the previous finding
that the short arm of chromosome 1 is involved in steroid alkaloid synthesis in potato, and suggest that the genes involved
in leptinine and leptine production are tightly linked in S. chacoense.
Received: 27 June 2000 / Accepted: 4 August 2000 相似文献
6.
An F-box gene linked to the self-incompatibility (S) locus of Antirrhinum is expressed specifically in pollen and tapetum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lai Zhao Ma Wenshi Han Bin Liang Lizhi Zhang Yansheng Hong Guofan Xue Yongbiao 《Plant molecular biology》2002,50(1):29-41
In many flowering plants, self-fertilization is prevented by an intraspecific reproductive barrier known as self-incompatibility (SI), that, in most cases, is controlled by a single multiallelic S locus. So far, the only known S locus product in self-incompatible species from the Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Rosaceae is a class of ribonucleases called S RNases. Molecular and transgenic analyses have shown that S RNases are responsible for pollen rejection by the pistil but have no role in pollen expression of SI, which appears to be mediated by a gene called the pollen self-incompatibility or Sp gene. To identify possible candidates for this gene, we investigated the genomic structure of the S locus in Antirrhinum, a member of the Scrophulariaceae. A novel F-box gene, AhSLF-S
2, encoded by the S
2 allele, with the expected features of the Sp gene was identified. AhSLF-S
2 is located 9 kb downstream of S
2 RNase gene and encodes a polypeptide of 376 amino acids with a conserved F-box domain in its amino-terminal part. Hypothetical genes homologous to AhSLF-S
2 are apparent in the sequenced genomic DNA of Arabidopsis and rice. Together, they define a large gene family, named SLF (S locus F-box) family. AhSLF-S
2 is highly polymorphic and is specifically expressed in tapetum, microspores and pollen grains in an allele-specific manner. The possibility that Sp encodes an F-box protein and the implications of this for the operation of self-incompatibility are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Pollen S–locus F–box proteins of Petunia involved in S–RNase‐based self‐incompatibility are themselves subject to ubiquitin‐mediated degradation
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Penglin Sun Shu Li Dihong Lu Justin S. Williams Teh‐Hui Kao 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2015,83(2):213-223
Many flowering plants show self‐incompatibility, an intra‐specific reproductive barrier by which pistils reject self‐pollen to prevent inbreeding and accept non‐self pollen to promote out‐crossing. In Petunia, the polymorphic S–locus determines self/non‐self recognition. The locus contains a gene encoding an S–RNase, which controls pistil specificity, and multiple S‐locus F‐box (SLF) genes that collectively control pollen specificity. Each SLF is a component of an SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F‐box) complex that is responsible for mediating degradation of non‐self S‐RNase(s), with which the SLF interacts, via the ubiquitin–26S proteasome pathway. A complete set of SLFs is required to detoxify all non‐self S‐RNases to allow cross‐compatible pollination. Here, we show that SLF1 of Petunia inflata is itself subject to degradation via the ubiquitin–26S proteasome pathway, and identify an 18 amino acid sequence in the C‐terminal region of S2‐SLF1 (SLF1 of S2 haplotype) that contains a degradation motif. Seven of the 18 amino acids are conserved among all 17 SLF proteins of S2 haplotype and S3 haplotype involved in pollen specificity, suggesting that all SLF proteins are probably subject to similar degradation. Deleting the 18 amino acid sequence from S2‐SLF1 stabilized the protein but abolished its function in self‐incompatibility, suggesting that dynamic cycling of SLF proteins is an integral part of their function in self‐incompatibility. 相似文献
8.
Hans-Hubert Kirch Yi-Qin Li Ursula Seul Richard D. Thompson 《Sexual plant reproduction》1995,8(2):77-84
Self-incompatibility in the Solanaceae is controlled by a single multiallelic genetic locus, the S locus. The stylar gene products of the S locus are abundant glycoproteins with ribonuclease activity, secreted in the transmitting tract tissue of the pistil. To investigate the structural and functional integrity and possible phenotypic effects of expression of the S-gene product in the male gametophyte, N. tabacum plants were transformed with a construct containing the genomic S
2
-RNase coding sequence from S. tuberosum under the control of the promoter of the pollen-specific LAT52 gene from tomato. The expression pattern of the S
2
RNase in the male gametophyte at both the protein and RNA level was found to be identical to that already reported for expression of the -glucuronidase (GUS) gene directed by the LAT52 promoter in transgenic tomato and tobacco. The S
2
-RNase gene fusion led to a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated accumulation of the S
2
polypeptide in pollen of transgenic tobacco plants. The transgenic protein product was of the same size and charge as the potato stylar product, had ribonuclease activity, and was glycosylated. The transgenic plants, however, did not show any morphological variations in their flower organs, and their fertility was not influenced by the accumulation of the S
2
-RNase protein in pollen. 相似文献
9.
Summary Homozygote plants for the (S) self-incompatibility gene have been produced in Brassica campestris L. var. T 15. Stigmas from plants designated S
1
S
1, S
2
S
2 and S
4
S
4 were extracted and their protein separated on an isoelectric focusing mini-gel. Differences were observed between proteins from stigmas of the three S-homozygous groups: S-genotype specific proteins were determined for S
1
S
1 and S
2
S
2 stigmas that were absent in the self-compatible S
4
S
4 stigmas. Carbon dioxide (CO2), which is known to block the self-incompatibility reaction in Brassica, was applied to [35S]-methionine unpollinated, self- and cross-pollinated stigmas to observe the effect of external CO2 on the synthesis of these S-associated proteins. The results indicate that pollination triggers a dramatic reduction in protein synthesis in general and in the synthesis of S2-associated protein after self-pollination in particular. 相似文献
10.
Valérie Delorme Jean-Loïc Giranton Yves Hatzfeld Aline Friry Philippe Heizmann María José Ariza Christian Dumas Thierry Gaude J. Mark Cock 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》1995,7(3):429-440
The S locus, which controls the self-incompatibility response in Brassica, has been shown to contain at least two genes. SLG encodes a secreted S locus glycoprotein whilst SRK encodes a putative S locus receptor kinase. SRK has been shown potentially to encode a functional kinase and genetic evidence indicates that this gene is essential for the self-incompatibility response. Here the characterization of the SRK and SLG genes of a Brassica line homozygous for the S3 haplotype is described. A 120 kDa glycoprotein was identified in stigmas and several lines of evidence indicated that this protein is encoded by the SRK3 gene. First, the 120 kDa glycoprotein was recognized by antibodies raised against peptides based on the SRK3 gene sequence. Secondly, this protein is polymorphic and, in an F2 population segregating for the S3 haplotype, was expressed only in plants possessing the S3 haplotype. Thirdly, the 120 kDa protein was expressed specifically in stigmas. Finally, the 120 kDa protein was only extracted from stigmas in the presence of detergent indicating that it is anchored in the membrane. SRK has been predicted to encode a transmembrane glycoprotein based on the deduced amino acid sequence. Located on the membrane, SRK is in a position to interface between an extracellular recognition event between pollen and pistil and an intracellular signal transduction pathway which initiates the self-incompatibility response. 相似文献
11.
Sequence variability and gene structure at the self-incompatibility locus of Solanum tuberosum 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Helgard Kaufmann Francesco Salamini Richard D. Thompson 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1991,226(3):457-466
Summary Allelic complexity is a key feature of self-incompatibility (S) loci in gametophytic plants. We describe in this report the allelic diversity and gene structure of the S locus in Solanum tuberosum revealed by the isolation and characterization of genomic and cDNA clones encoding S-associated major pistil proteins from three alleles (S
1, S
r1, S
2). Genomic clones encoding the S1 and S2 proteins provide evidence for a simple gene structure: Two exons are separated by a small intron of 113 (S
1) and 117 by (S
2). Protein sequences deduced from cDNA clones encoding S1 and Sr1 proteins show 95% homology. 15 of the 25 residues that differ between these S
1and S
r1alleles are clustered in a short hypervariable protein segment (amino acid positions 44–68), which corresponds in the genomic clones to DNA sequences flanking the single intron. In contrast, these alleles are only 66% homologous to the S
2allele, with the residues that differ between the alleles being scattered throughout the sequence. DNA crosshybridization experiments identify a minimum of three classes of potato S alleles: one class contains the alleles S
1, S
r1and S
3, the second class S
2and an allele of the cultivar Roxy, and the third class contains at present only S
4. It is proposed that these classes reflect the origin of the S alleles from a few ancestral S sequence types. 相似文献
12.
Electrostatic potentials of the S‐locus F‐box proteins contribute to the pollen S specificity in self‐incompatibility in Petunia hybrida
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Junhui Li Yue Zhang Yanzhai Song Hui Zhang Jiangbo Fan Qun Li Dongfen Zhang Yongbiao Xue 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2017,89(1):45-57
Self‐incompatibility (SI) is a self/non‐self discrimination system found widely in angiosperms and, in many species, is controlled by a single polymorphic S‐locus. In the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Plantaginaceae, the S‐locus encodes a single S‐RNase and a cluster of S‐locus F‐box (SLF) proteins to control the pistil and pollen expression of SI, respectively. Previous studies have shown that their cytosolic interactions determine their recognition specificity, but the physical force between their interactions remains unclear. In this study, we show that the electrostatic potentials of SLF contribute to the pollen S specificity through a physical mechanism of ‘like charges repel and unlike charges attract’ between SLFs and S‐RNases in Petunia hybrida. Strikingly, the alteration of a single C‐terminal amino acid of SLF reversed its surface electrostatic potentials and subsequently the pollen S specificity. Collectively, our results reveal that the electrostatic potentials act as a major physical force between cytosolic SLFs and S‐RNases, providing a mechanistic insight into the self/non‐self discrimination between cytosolic proteins in angiosperms. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
Summary We identified two S-allele-associated proteins (S-proteins) in a self-compatible cultivar of Petunia hybrida based on their segregation in F1 hybrids between P. hybrida and its self-incompatible relative, Petunia inflata (with S2S2 genotype), and in selfed progeny of P. hybrida. These two S-proteins, designated Sx-protein (24 kDa) and So- protein (31 kDa), are pistil specific, and their expression follows a temporal and spatial pattern similar to that of S-proteins characterized in self-incompatible solanaceous species. Their amino-terminal sequences also share a high degree of similarity with those of solanaceous S-proteins. Selfing of P. hybrida yielded plants with SoSo, SxSo, and SxSx genotypes in an approximately 1:2:1 ratio, indicating that the Sx- and So-alleles, though expressed in the pistil, failed to elicit a self-incompatibility response. The S2-allele of P. inflata is expressed in all the F1 hybrids, rendering them capable of rejecting pollen bearing the S2-allele. The So-allele is not functional in the F1 hybrids, because all the F1 progeny with S2So genotype are self-compatible. However, in F1 hybrids with S2Sx genotype, approximately half are self-incompatible and half are self-compatible, indicating that the function of the Sx-allele depends on the genetic background. These results strongly suggest that the presence of functional S-alleles alone is not sufficient for expression of a self-incompatibility phenotype, and reaffirm the multigenic nature of gametophytic self-incompatibility suggested by earlier genetic studies. 相似文献
16.
17.
Genetic control of Endosperm Balance Number (EBN): three additive loci in a threshold-like system 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
M. K. Ehlenfeldt R. E. Hanneman Jr. 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1988,75(6):825-832
Summary The genetic control of Endosperm Balance Number (EBN) was investigated by a complete diallel of four exceptional diploid Solanum commersonii-S. chacoense hybrids (1 1/2 EBN) and backcrosses to their species parents, S. commersonii (1 EBN) and S. chacoense (2 EBN). Crosses in which the female parent had a higher EBN value than the male, S. chacoense (2 EBN)XF1 (11/2 EBN) and F1 (11/2 EBN)X S. commersonii (1 EBN), produced viable seed to aborted seed ratios of 11.1 and 11.3, respectively, and had average to small sized viable seed. Crosses in which the female parent had a lower EBN value than the male, S. commersonii (1 EBN)XF1 (11/2 EBN) and F1 (11/2 EBN)XS. chacoense (2 EBN), produced viable seed to aborted seed ratios of 1 7.9 and 1 6.7, respectively, and had average to large sized viable seeds. The results of these crosses appear to be consistent with the relative EBN values of the male and female parent. A model is proposed for the system regulating endosperm development. The assumptions of this model are: (1) three unlinked loci control the system; (2) the loci are homozygous within a species; (3) the genes have additive effects and are of equal strength within a species; (4) the genes within S. chacoense have twice the effect with respect to endosperm regulation as those within S. commersonii; and (5) a slight excess maternal dosage will produce the qualitative effect of small but viable seed. This model, in which quantitative genes operate in a dosage dependent system bears many similarities to classical, threshold-type genetic models. 相似文献
18.
E. A. Walker J. P. Ride S. Kurup V. E. Franklin-Tong M. J. Lawrence F. C. H. Franklin 《Plant molecular biology》1996,30(5):983-994
The S
3 allele of the S gene has been cloned from Papaver rhoeas cv. Shirley. The sequence predicts a hydrophilic protein of 14.0 kDa, showing 55.8% identity with the previously cloned S
1 allele, preceded by an 18 amino acid signal sequence. Expression of the S
3 coding region in Escherichia coli produced a form of the protein, denoted S3e, which specifically inhibited S3 pollen in an in vitro bioassay. The recombinant protein was ca. 0.8 kDa larger than the native stigmatic form, indicating post-translational modifications in planta, as was previously suggested for the S1 protein. In contrast to other S proteins identified to date, S3 protein does not appear to be glycosylated. Of particular significance is the finding that despite exhibiting a high degree of sequence polymorphism, secondary structure predictions indicate that the S1 and S3 proteins may adopt a virtually identical conformation. Sequence analysis also indicates that the P. rhoeas S alleles share some limited homology with the SLG and SRK genes from Brassica oleracea. Previously, cross-classification of different populations of P. rhoeas had revealed a number of functionally identical alleles. Probing of western blots of stigma proteins from plants derived from a wild Spanish population which contained an allele functionally identical to the Shirley S
3 allele with antiserum raised to S3e, revealed a protein (S
3
s) which was indistinguishable in pI and M
r from that in the Shirley population. A cDNA encoding S
3
s was isolated, nucleotide sequencing revealing a coding region with 99.4% homology with the Shirley-derived clone at the DNA level, and 100% homology at the amino acid level. 相似文献
19.
Qi X Luu DT Yang Q Maës O Matton DP Morse D Cappadocia M 《Plant molecular biology》2001,45(3):295-305
Sporadic self-compatibility, the occasional fruit formation after otherwise incompatible pollinations, has been observed in some S
12-containing genotypes of Solanum chacoense but not in others. We have sequenced this S
12 allele and analyzed its expression in four different genotypes. The S12-RNase levels were generally less abundant than those of other S-RNases present in the same plants. In addition, two-fold and five-fold differences in the amount of S12-RNase and S
12 RNA, respectively, were observed among the genotypes analyzed. A comparison with the genetic data showed that genotypes with the highest levels were fully and permanently self-incompatible, whereas those with the lowest levels were those in which sporadic self-compatibility had been observed. The mature protein contains four potential glycosylation sites and genotype-specific differences in the pattern of glycosylation are also observed. Our results suggest the presence of modifier genes which affect, in a genotype-dependent manner, the level of expression and the post-translational modification of the S12-RNase. 相似文献
20.
Y. Kowyama C. Kunz I. Lewis E. Newbigin A. E. Clarke M. A. Anderson 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,88(6-7):859-864
A series of crosses between a naturally-occurring self-compatible accession ofLycopersicon peruvianum and a closely-related self-incompatible accession were used to demonstrate that the mutation to self-compatibility is located at the S-locus. Progeny of the crosses contain abundant style proteins of about 30 kDa that segregate with the S6and S7-alleles from the SI parent and the Sc-allele from the SC parent. The S6and S7-associated proteins have ribonuclease activity whereas the Sc-associated protein is not an active ribonuclease. This finding indicates that S-RNases are determinants of self-incompatibility in the style and that the ribonuclease activity is essential for their function. 相似文献