共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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本文对水蔗草的胚珠附器进行研究,结果表明:在功能大孢子时期,珠孔端的1~3个珠心细胞开始特化,发育成胚珠附器;胚珠附器发生时,有些胚珠同时出现无孢子生殖原始细 胞;有性生殖和无孢子生殖的胚囊中均有胚珠附器存在;但在无孢子生殖的胚囊中,胚珠附器一般很大,长约是宽的1~3倍;而有性生殖胚囊的胚珠附器的长约是宽的1~2倍;和有性生殖胚囊相比,无孢子生殖胚囊的胚珠附器更加发达;存在发达的胚珠附器是水蔗草无孢子生殖胚囊的特点之一。 相似文献
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从胚胎学和遗传学角度论述了大黍(Panicum maximum Jacq)的无融合生殖研究进展和存在的问题,展望了大黍作为无融合生殖基因供体。在无融合生殖研究上的利用前景。 相似文献
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采用显微观察法对北京地区不同发育时期的油松胚珠进行解剖结构观察,以确定北京地区油松胚珠的发育时期。结果表明,北京地区油松胚珠的发育历时13个月(从2003年4月~2004年5月),具体时期为:2003年4月12日为胚珠分化期,4月21日左右为大孢子母细胞时期,5月至8月为游离核时期,2003年8月至2004年2月为胚珠休眠期,2004年4月15日左右进入雌配子体细胞化时期,4月21日左右为颈卵器原始细胞活动期,5月8日左右为中央细胞分裂期,5月14日左右为成熟颈卵器时期。本研究结果中油松胚珠经历的发育阶段与前人的研究基本一致,但在时间上存在差异,而且北京地区比辽宁兴城地区油松胚珠发育时期平均提前了大约20~30 d。 相似文献
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本文主要概述了矮牵牛胚珠特异基因的克隆及功能研究,并通过与拟南芥胚珠发有突变体的比较,以探讨被子植物胚珠发育的基因调控机理。 相似文献
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以15 a生银杏(Ginkgo bilobaL.)品种‘佛指’(G.bilobacv.‘Fozhi’)为材料,观察了授粉后胚珠结构、雌配子体发育和种皮分化形成的过程。结果表明:(1)授粉后2 d胚珠已分化出珠心、珠被和珠托组织,珠被顶端形成直径为162.16μm的珠孔与540.54μm长的珠孔道,珠心组织顶端形成长约520.83μm、最大直径约125.06μm的瓶状贮粉室,花粉粒经珠孔道已到达贮粉室并在其中停留;(2)雌配子体的发育先后经历了游离核阶段(授粉后5~30 d)和细胞化阶段(授粉后30~45 d),之后在近珠孔端形成颈卵器,其余部分发育为胚乳薄壁细胞,其营养物质的积累高峰期为授粉后60~80 d;(3)种皮分化与形成分别经历珠被分化期(授粉期至授粉后30 d)、种皮分化期(授粉后30~50 d)、种皮形成初期(授粉后50~80 d)、种皮形成期(授粉后80~90 d)。 相似文献
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太原黄耆是新近发表的物种,分布于中国陕西和山西。该实验利用扫描电子显微镜对太原黄耆的花器官发生和发育过程进行观察研究。结果显示:(1)太原黄耆的各轮花器官都是从远轴端向近轴端单向连续发生,在不同轮之间存在花器官重叠发生的现象。(2)在花的发育过程中,出现2种共同原基,即初级共同原基和次级共同原基,由初级共同原基发育成对萼雄蕊原基和次级共同原基,再由次级共同原基发育成花瓣原基和对瓣雄蕊原基。(3)雄蕊管近轴端基部开口是在进化过程中产生的特殊结构,是一种对传粉者的适应机制,从而有利于传粉活动的进行。(4)胚珠为倒生胚珠,具有2层珠被,认为倒生胚珠是内外2层珠被共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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大叶杨配囊及胚珠的形成和发育 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文应用细胞化学方法研究了大叶杨胚珠、胚囊的形成和发育过程中核酸、蛋白质及不溶性多糖的分布和消长。大孢子母细胞、大孢子四分体及功能大孢子中含较少不溶性多糖,但却含丰富的RNA和蛋白质。功能大孢子经分裂发育成八核的蓼型胚囊。四核胚囊开始积累细胞质多糖,成熟胚囊中除反足细胞外充满淀粉粒。反足细胞形成后不久即退化。助细胞具多糖性质的丝状器,受精前两个助细胞退化。卵细胞核对Feulgen反应呈负反应。二极核受精前由胚囊中部移向卵器,与卵器接触后融合形成次生核。发育早期的胚珠为厚珠心,双珠被。晚期,内珠被退化,故成熟胚珠为单珠被。四核胚囊时期,珠孔端珠心组织退化,胚囊伸向珠孔形成胚囊喙。合点端珠心组织含丰富的蛋白质和核酸,这一性质与绒毡层性质相似,可能涉及胚囊的营养运输。胚囊的营养来源于子房和胎座细胞内贮存的淀粉粒。 相似文献
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外来植物坚尼草生态学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
坚尼草(Panicm maximum Jacq.^-)是一种外来草本植物,已逸为野生,扩展迅速,对本地草本植物构成一定的影响。其扩展能力与其生长和繁殖特点有很大关系。研究表明,坚尼草对环境的适应能力较强;植株较高大,生长迅速,有较强的竞争能力;花期长,单丛坚尼草从始穗到终穗,花期可长达6-7个月;同一穗的果实熟期不同,而且边熟边脱落,从抽穗的5-7d起开始有果实脱落,脱落时间可持续1个月左右,以抽穗2-3周为脱落高峰;不同时间成熟的果实,明发率也不同,7月份成熟的果实比9成熟的果实萌发率高。同一穗中,以抽穗后2-3周(果实脱落的高峰期)成熟的果实萌发率较高。果实成熟后,不能立即萌发,储存1-6个月,种子萌发率较高。 相似文献
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外来植物坚尼草生态学研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
坚尼草(Panicum
maximum Jacq.)是一种外来草本植物,已逸为野生,扩展迅速,对本地草本植物构成一定的影响。其扩展能力与其生长和繁殖特点有很大关系。研究表明,坚尼草对环境的适应能力较强;植株较高大,生长迅速,有较强的竞争能力;花期长,单丛坚尼草从始穗到终穗,花期可长达6~7个月;同一穗的果实熟期不同,而且边熟边脱落,从抽穗的5~7d起开始有果实脱落,脱落时间可持续1个月左右,以抽穗2~3周为脱落高峰;不同时间成熟的果实,种子萌发率也不同,7月份成熟的果实比9月份成熟的果实萌发率高。同一穗中,以抽穗后2~3周(果实脱落的高峰期)成熟的果实萌发率较高。果实成熟后,不能立即萌发,储存1~6个月,种子萌发率较高。 相似文献
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以榆糜3号糜子为试验材料,测定了拔节至成熟期糜子根系与旗叶生长指标、保护酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量等变化,初步分析了其根系与旗叶协同衰老的生理生化机制.结果表明:从拔节期到成熟期,糜子根系活性、表面积和干物质重,旗叶绿叶面积和干物质重,以及根系与旗叶的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,并均在拔节后34~41 d(籽粒灌浆前期~中期)达到最大值;根系与旗叶的可溶性蛋白质含量逐渐降低,而丙二醛(MDA)含量却持续大幅度上升;糜子旗叶的保护酶(SOD、CAT、POD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量始终极显著高于同期根系,而其MDA含量却始终极显著低于同期根系.研究发现,在糜子生育后期,其光合产物分配中心转移,造成根系和旗叶中光合产物亏缺;同时其旗叶和根系中保护酶活性逐渐降低,清除活性氧的能力减弱,引起细胞内活性氧积累和膜氧化伤害逐渐加重,最终导致植株逐渐衰老;在植株衰老过程中,根系与叶片衰老密切相关,并且根系抗氧化酶的活性相对较弱. 相似文献
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Per Gardeström Gerald E. Edwards Dag Henricson Ingemar Ericson 《Physiologia plantarum》1985,64(1):29-33
The intracellular distribution of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) was studied in young wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Starke II) leaves by fractionation of protoplasts and further purification of peroxisomes and chloroplasts. Essentially all of the activity in wheat leaves was located in the mitochondria. Within the mitochondria the enzyme was mainly in the matrix as shown by centrifugation of sonicated wheat mitochondria. In the C4 plants, Zea mays (L. cv. Earliking), Panicum miliaceum and Panicum maximum (cv. Australia) belonging to different C4 types, serine hydroxymethyltransferase was almost exclusively found in bundle sheath cells. The location of this enzyme in leaves is consistent with its role relative to glycine decarboxylation during photorespiration. 相似文献
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Xiangyan Han;Shanjie Tang;Xuan Ma;Wenwen Liu;Ruijuan Yang;Shuaibin Zhang;Ningning Wang;Xianwei Song;Chunxiang Fu;Rongxin Yang;Xiaofeng Cao; 《Plant biotechnology journal》2024,22(3):712-721
MiRNAs have been reported to be the key regulators involving a wide range of biological processes in diverse plant species, but their functions in switchgrass, an important biofuel and forage crop, are largely unknown. Here, we reported the novel function of miR528, which has expanded to four copies in switchgrass, in controlling biomass trait of tillering number and regrowth rate after mowing. Blocking miR528 activity by expressing short tandem target mimic (STTM) increased tiller number and regrowth rate after mowing. The quadruple pvmir528 mutant lines derived from genome editing also showed such improved traits. Degradome and RNA-seq analysis, combined with in situ hybridization assay revealed that up-regulation of two miR528 targets coding for Cu/Zn-SOD enzymes, might be responsible for the improved traits of tillering and regrowth in pvmir528 mutant. Additionally, natural variations in the miR528-SOD interaction exist in C3 and C4 monocot species, implying the distinct regulatory strength of the miR528-SOD module during monocot evolution. Overall, our data illuminated a novel role of miR528 in controlling biomass traits and provided a new target for genetic manipulation-mediated crop improvement. 相似文献
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Nonglak Rungruang 《Soil & Sediment Contamination》2016,25(2):133-150
The potential for cadmium (Cd) removal from contaminated soil by two species—marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)—was investigated in pot culture experiments in a greenhouse in triplicate. The concentration of Cd was varied from 50 to 200 mg kg?1 and the pH was varied from 5.0 to 7.5 to investigate the effect of pH on Cd uptake. The results showed that total biomass of Guinea grass was around nine and seven times higher than that of marigold for Cd treatments of 50 and 100 mg kg?1 at pH 5.0, respectively. Total cadmium uptake at Cd treatments of 50 and 100 mg kg?1 at pH 5.0 by Guinea grass was 19.28 ± 3.14 and 36.06 ± 4.28 mg kg?1, respectively, and for marigold was 15.66 ± 4.17 and 20.38 ± 3.24 mg kg?1, respectively. The total Cd uptake by Guinea grass was 1.23 and 1.77 higher than that of marigold at Cd treatments of 50 and 100 mg kg?1, respectively, at pH 5.0 due to higher biomass. The maximum Cd uptake by marigold and Guinea grass occurred at pH 5.0 at Cd treatment of 100 mg kg?1. The results clearly show that the two species behave very differently for Cd uptake. Guinea grass is easy to grow, drought tolerant and, due to its higher biomass, it can be used for remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. 相似文献
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Information on the growth and development of warm‐season grasses in response to management is required to use them successfully as a biomass crop. Our objectives were to determine optimum harvest periods and effect of N fertilization rates on the biomass production of four warm‐season grasses, and to investigate if traits of canopy structure can explain observed yields with varying harvest dates and N rates. A field study was conducted at Sorenson Research Farm near Ames, IA, during 2006 and 2007. The experimental design was split‐split plot arranged in a randomized complete block with four replications. Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.), indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutrans L. Nash), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were main plots. Three N application rates (0, 65, and 140 kg ha?1) were subplots, and 10 harvest dates were sub‐sub plots. Biomass of warm‐season grasses increased with advanced maturity, but differently among species. The maximum yield of eastern gamagrass occurred at the highest MSC (1.6 and 2.2) when the largest seed ripening tillers were present. Big bluestem, switchgrass, and indiangrass obtained the maximum yields at MSC 3.5, 3.9, and 2.9, respectively when the largest reproductive tillers were present. In terms of a biomass supply strategy, eastern gamagrass may be used during early summer, while big bluestem and switchgrass may be best used between mid‐ and late‐ summer, and indiangrass in early fall. Nitrogen fertilization increased yield by increasing tiller development. Optimum biomass yields were obtained later in the season when they were fertilized with 140 kg ha?1. 相似文献