广东惠州3类海洋经济物种体内重金属含量分析和健康风险评估

海洋渔业资源是自然资源的重要组成部分,海洋经济物种体内重金属含量直接影响到人们身体健康。利用2018年春季惠州市海洋渔业资源调查样品,分析了贝类、甲壳类、鱼类等3类27种海洋经济物种体内重金属Cu、Pb、Cd的含量特征,利用单因子污染指数(SFI)、金属污染指数(MPI)和目标危险系数(THQ)分别进行了重金属污染水平评价和健康风险评估,并探讨了海洋经济物种体内重金属的来源及影响因素。结果显示,(1)2018年春季,惠州海域3类海洋经济物种体内重金属元素含量由大到小皆为Cu>Pb>Cd。不同类海洋经济物种对同种重金属的富集能力有明显差异,方差分析显示,贝类体内Cu含量显著高于鱼类,Cd含量显著高于甲壳类和鱼类。(2)惠州海洋经济物种体内3种重金属元素含量的Pearson相关分析结果显示,Cu与Pb、Cd显著正相关,反映其具有同源性和类似生物地球化学行为,受到人为活动的影响。(3)SFI值反映,3类海洋经济物种体内Cu含量为正常背景值水平,Pb含量为轻度污染;贝类、鱼类体内Cd含量分别为轻度污染和中度污染,值得引起重视。MPI值由大到小为贝类>甲壳类>鱼类。整体说明,不同海洋经济物种体内重金属含量特征对生存环境质量有明显响应。(4)根据《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》(NY 5073-2006),从1996年到2018年春季,惠州海域海洋经济物种体内Cu含量稳定,无超标样品;甲壳类、鱼类体内Pb、Cd含量超标需引起关注。(5)3类海洋经济物种的THQ值皆<1,由大到小顺序为贝类>甲壳类>鱼类,对人身健康无影响。     

Heavy metal risk assessment of European eels (Anguilla anguilla,Linnaeus, 1758) from the Asi (Orontes) River,Turkey

The muscle tissues of a total 154 sampled eels from the Asi (Orontes) River were analyzed between January and December 2018 to determine the content of heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd and As). Determination of heavy metals in muscle tissue was carried out with an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). To express the risk level for human consumption of heavy metal contaminated eels we used common concepts and criteria such as Hazard Index (HI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Total THQ (TTHQ). From the human health point of view, the indices HI, THQ, TTHQ values of Hg, Cd, Pb and As indicate no risks for the consumers at assumed intake levels per unit time.     

Metals and metalloids in a first order stream of the Atlantic rainforest: abiotic matrices,bioaccumulation in fishes and human health risk assessment

Background and aimMetals and metalloids have been found in several streams and rivers from the Atlantic Rainforest (ARF), one of the world´s leading biodiversity hotspot, which may represent a risk for environmental and human health. The aims of this study were: 1) to evaluate the accumulation and distribution of 24 trace elements in water, sediments and fish tissues (muscle and gills) of sixteen species from the Atlantic Rainforest, 2) to explore bioaccumulation patterns in fish tissues and abiotic matrices, and 3) to assess the impact of metal and metalloids on the human health from water and fish consumption.MethodsWater, sediments and fish samples were collected from Ramos Stream (Misiones Province, Argentina). The concentrations of Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Ti, U, V and Zn were determined by Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were used to evaluate bioaccumulation of metals and metalloids in relation to water and sediment. The Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ, general and fisherman populations) were calculated to assess the non-carcinogenic human health risk from water and fish consumption.ResultsThe concentrations of several elements in water and sediment were higher than the international guidelines for aquatic biota protection. Levels of As, Pb and Zn in muscle and gills were above national and international guidelines for human consumption. The bioaccumulation factors ranged from 749 to 13,029 being higher in gills than in muscle. The HQ and HI ranged from 0.001 to 0.015. The THQ for each element and total THQ values were lower than 0.1.ConclusionBioaccumulation factor suggests that several species have a moderate capacity to incorporate some metals and metalloids from the abiotic matrices. According to the HI and THQ values found, there is no risk to human health from consumption of water and fish.     

Human health risk assessment of toxic elements in fish species collected from the river Buriganga,Bangladesh

Abstract

Multielement (48) analysis was carried out of various fish species collected from river Buriganga, the most polluted river in Bangladesh to assess human health risk by toxic elements. Sixteen elements that is, Be, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Ba, Hg, Pb, Bi, and U, were taken into account due to their toxicities on human health. Results show that concentrations of elements in various fish species were higher in winter than those in monsoon. Among 16 elements, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ba, Pb were above Food Safety Guideline in some fishes in winter. THQ and TTHQ/HI values were less than 1 for all fishes in monsoon while THQ and TTHW/HI values were more than 1 for most of fishes in winter. These results suggesting non-carcinogenic health hazard through consumption of contaminated fishes. Only As showed low cancer risk while no cancer risk was observed for other toxic elements in monsoon. In winter, Pb showed only moderate cancer risk for Mystus vittatus (site-7) while for other fishes low cancer risk was found by Pb. It can therefore be concluded that there is human health risk in consuming of fishes collected from river Buriganga especially in winter.     

Bioavailability of heavy metals bound to estuarine sediments as a function of pH and salinity values

Abstract

The role of two key-variables such as pH and salinity in chemical speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals originated by mining activities bound to sediments was evaluated under estuarine conditions. Two sediment samples collected in two estuaries in southern Spain (Ría of Huelva and Guadalquivir estuary) together with dilution of toxic mud from the Aznalcóllar mining spill (April, 1998) were used to determine their chemical speciation and bioavailability at different pH (6.5, 7.5, 8.5) and salinity (10, 20, 35) values using the estuarine clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The chemical speciation was established by means of measurements of the mobilization of heavy metals from sediments to waters and determining in it pH, salinity, alkalinity and heavy metal concentration. The geochemical model MINTEQA2 was used to establish the thermodynamic species in the assays. To assess the bioavailability of the heavy metals the concentration of metallothioneins in the clam tissues and the mortality of this organism was measured at different pH and salinity values. The influence of both salinity and pH was detected in the chemical behavior of metals and in their associated biological responses established by metallothioneins and the percentage of mortality. At low values of both variables (pH=6.5 and S=10), the biological effects were highest, and it was related to the free ion Zn²⁺.     

Heavy metals in urban and peri-urban soils of a heavily-populated and industrialized city: Assessment of ecological risks and human health repercussions

Abstract

Increasing levels of heavy metals in soil have become a serious concern for human health because they can be easily transferred into the human body through contaminated food web. It is imperative to evaluate pollution levels, origin and ecological risks of heavy metals. The geoaccumaualtion (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and human health risk were estimated to determine the soil pollution in Faisalabad, a heavily-populated and industrialized city of Pakistan. The maximum CF (1.58) and PLI (1.22) values were estimated for Cd and Pb, respectively, and maximum Igeo (?0.19) value was observed for Cd. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis suggested that common industrial sources for Cd and Pb were identified in the study sites. It clearly indicates that the significant levels of heavy metals pollution arise from local industries, busy commercial centers and heavy traffic load in the last few decades in heavily-populated and industrialized city. Further, soil heavy metals concentration were used to evaluate the human health risk such as chronic or non-carcinogenic including hazard indexes HIexP (ingestion, inhalation and dermal and carcinogenic) and cancer risk (CR). The HIexP values of Pb (10.30) and Cd (4.56) were found above the permissible limit (HI = 1) for children. The CR due to carcinogenic metals (Co, Cr and Cd) are within the safe limit (1E-06 to 1E-04). However, CR was comparatively higher in adults as compared to children. The results from the current investigation can help to develop a sustainable strategy in the study region to minimize the entry of heavy metals in food chain through source identification and pollution abatement techniques.     

Trace Metal Levels in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Cultured in Net Cages in a Reservoir and Evaluation of Human Health Risks from Consumption

Although fish consumption has positive health effects, metals accumulated in fish can cause human health risks. In this study, the levels of ten metals in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in the Keban Dam Reservoir, which has the biggest rainbow trout production capacity in Turkey, were determined and compared with the maximum permissible levels (MPLs). Also, human health risks associated with rainbow trout consumption were assessed. The metal concentrations in rainbow trout were found below the MPLs. The estimated daily intake of each metal was much lower than the respective tolerable daily intake. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for individual metal and total THQ for combined metals did not exceed 1, indicating no health risk for consumers. The cancer risk (CR) value for inorganic arsenic was within the acceptable lifetime risk range of 10⁻⁶ and 10⁻⁴. For carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects, the maximum allowable fish consumption rates were high enough to ensure the human health. According to these results, the consumption of rainbow trout farmed in the Keban Dam Reservoir does not pose a risk on human health.

     

Evaluation and Potential Health Hazard of Selected Metals in Water,Sediments, and Fish from the Gomti River

The health hazard associated with the consumption of fish from the Gomti River in India, contaminated with the heavy metals Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn was assessed in terms of target hazard quotients (THQs). The concentrations of metals (mg kg^?1, wet weight basis) in the muscle tissues of different fish species Mastacembelus puncalus, Clupisona garua, Cyrinous carpio, Botia lochachata, Channa punctatus, Heteropneustise fossilis, Puntius sofore, and Clarious batrachus ranged as follows: Cr (2.2–21.4), Cu (0.3–14.3), Mn (2.3–5.5), Ni (0.5–10.9), Pb (1.0–3.9), and Zn (12.3–46.9). The accumulation of metals in fish muscle tissue was in the order: Zn > Cr > Ni > Mn > Cu > Pb. THQs indicated a potential health hazard to children due to the consumption of fish contaminated with Ni and Pb; their THQs were greater than 1 for almost all fish species except for Ni in C. garua (THQ, 0.07) and C. carpio (THQ, 0.90). For adults, insignificant health hazard was associated with THQs less than 1 for all metals in the different fish species, but long-term exposure to these metals and subsequent bioaccumulation in the body may require additional investigation.     

Toxic metal ion in seafood: Meta-analysis of human carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic threat assessment,a geomedical study from Dhamra and Puri,Odisha

The investigation revealed the adverse health threats on human beings from toxic metals via ingestion of seafood from two contaminated sites in Odisha. Bioaccumulation through food chain was presented as tissue metal concentrations. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health hazards were estimated by Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Target Cancer Risk (TCR) following USEPA referred safe metal intake limit. THQ of Metals like Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb in both sites showed >1, indicating a severe non carcinogenic health threat to humans from the investigated metals. THQ of Cu, Zn, Fe, Cr and Hg showed < 1, implying the least possible deleterious health effects. Cr was the most significant carcinogenic pollutant in both sites. The marine fish consumption of Dhamra site might cause extra 7 cases of cancer per 10000 populations due to higher Cr level (cancer risk 6.7 × 10^?3). Carcinogenic risk of Ni and Pb were below the tolerable range of 10E-4. The presence of Cd in sea foods elevated cancer risks in both sites. The metal pollution index (MPI) indicated, the highest toxic metal bio accumulation was contributed by Arius arius species. Ilisha megaloptera and Lates calcarifer from Dhamra and Puri showed highest hazard index (HI) suggesting unaccountable non-carcinogenic health threat.     

Comprehensive comparison of probabilistic health risks of soil heavy metals in China’s mining areas

Abstract

To assess the health risks caused by soil heavy metal in China’s mining areas, concentration data for eight heavy metals in 77 mines were collected from previous literature. Monte Carlo simulation was used to analyze the corresponding carcinogenic risks and noncarcinogenic risks, and sensitivity analysis was carried out for each parameter. The results showed that among the different types of mining areas, multi-metal mines have the highest risk of carcinogenesis, followed by tungsten and antimony mines. Their carcinogenic risk values are all greater than 10^?4, which is unacceptable. Pb is a heavy metal with highest noncarcinogenic risk. The log-transformed value is 3.2, which is much larger than the threshold of 0; Pb is followed by As and Hg. Therefore, Pb, As, and Hg are the heavy metals that should be controlled preferentially in polluted mining areas. Sensitivity analysis showed that the soil ingestion rate, exposure frequency, and pollutant concentration level are the factors that have the greatest impacts on health risks. More attention should be paid to these factors when addressing heavy metal pollution in mining areas. In addition, for the surveyed mines, children had a greater health risk than adults, so children should be given extra attention.     

A human health risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Yanqi Basin,Silk Road Economic Belt,China

A total of 195 farmland soil samples were collected in Yanqi Basin, Xinjiang, northwest China, and the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed for their concentrations and pollution levels using the Nemerow comprehensive index. The health risk assessment model introduced by USEPA was utilized to evaluate the human health risks of heavy metals. Results indicated that the average concentrations of these seven metals were lower than the allowed soil environmental quality standards of China, while the average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn exceeded the background values of irrigation soils in Xinjiang. The average contamination factor (CF) for Pb indicated the heavy pollution, whereas the CF for Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr indicated the moderate pollution. The average PLI of heavy metals indicated the low pollution. The non-carcinogenic hazard index were below the threshold values, and the total carcinogenic risks due to As and Cr were within the acceptable range for both children and adults. As and Pb were the main non-carcinogenic factors, while As was the main carcinogenic factor in the study area. Special attentions should be paid to these priority control metals in order to target the lowest threats to human health.     

Source apportionment and health risk quantification for heavy metal sources in soils near aluminum-plastic manufacturing facilities in northeast China

Abstract

Identifying the source effect on heavy metals to human health risk is essential for devising and implementing restoration policies for polluted soils. For this purpose, eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in soil profile samples (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40?cm) collected in the area around aluminum-plastic manufacturing facilities (APMF) were determined. An absolute principal component score multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model supported by a health risk assessment (HRA) model was developed to determine the source apportionment of soil heavy metals and contribution rate of pollution sources to human health risk. Results showed significant accumulations of eight metals in the topsoil (0–20?cm), parent material, transportation, APMF, and agricultural practices were the four major contributing sources for heavy metals in soils, with average contribution percentages of 21.69%, 24.99%, 29.60%, and 14.25%, respectively. Carcinogenic risk factors for adults (1.23E-04) and children (1.32E-04) were found to be above the acceptable level (1E-06 to 1E-04). The health risk quantification results indicated that parent material, APMF, transportation, agricultural practices, and unidentified factors accounted for 55.76%, 14.48%, 12.09%, 10.13%, and 7.54% of the carcinogenic risk for children and adults. The adverse impacts of Cd, Zn, and Pb accumulations in soil coming from APMF activities were significant and need to receive more attention.     

Heavy metal accumulation in frogs surrounding an e-waste dump site and human health risk assessment

Abstract

This study was performed heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, and Pb) in water, soil and frogs around an electronic-waste dump site. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of heavy metals in three frog species and potential human health risks were assessed. Heavy metals were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The Cd and Pb concentrations in water samples and As and Pb concentrations in soil samples from within the e-waste dump site exceeded the standards. The heavy metal concentrations in the muscles of three frog species were as follows: Cr?>?Pb?>?As?>?Cd, and there were no significant differences among frog species except in the case of Pb (p?<?0.05). Only the Cr concentrations exceeded the food quality standards. The relative order of the BAFs for heavy metals in frogs as a result of uptake from the water and soil was Cr?>?As?>?Pb?>?Cd and Cr?>?As?>?Cd?>?Pb, respectively, which indicated that the uptake from water was greater than that from the soil. The assessment of the health risk index and carcinogenic risk (CR) indicated potential human health effects from As, Cr, and Pb via the consumption of frogs.     

Pre-ingestive selection efficiency in two populations of the razor clam Tagelus dombeii with different histories of exposure to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)

We studied toxic effects of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella on filtration activity and pre-ingestive selection efficiency in Tagelus dombeii (razor clam). Samples came from two populations with different histories of exposure to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP): Melinka, Aysén (with frequent exposure to PSP) and Corral, Valdivia (without previous exposure to PSP). Feeding activity of T. dombeii was affected by a diet containing A. catenella, showing a reduction in individuals from Corral, Valdivia and Melinka, Aysén. Furthermore, pre-ingestive selection efficiency was significantly higher in specimens from the population of Melinka, than those from Corral. Significantly higher values of clearance rate and pre-ingestive selection efficiency from the Melinka samples may reflect adaptation to specific environmental conditions where PSP events frequently occur.     

Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish and Vegetables in Bangladesh and Health Implications

Concentrations of six heavy metals (chromium, nickel, copper, arsenic, cadmium, and lead) in fish and vegetables were estimated to evaluate contamination levels and health risks for Bangladeshi adults. The analyzed metals varied between different species of fish and vegetables. Metals like Ni, Cd, and Pb in fish species were higher than the respective maximum allowable concentrations (MAC), whereas As, Cd, and Pb in some species of vegetables exceeded the MAC. Health risks associated with these metal intakes were evaluated in terms of dietary intake and target hazard quotients (THQs). The THQ values for individual metals were below 1 (except As for some species), suggesting that people would not experience significant health hazards if they ingest a single metal from one species of fish and/or vegetable. However, total metal THQ (TTHQ) signifies the potential non-carcinogenic health hazard to the highly exposed consumers in Bangladesh. Also, the estimation showed that the carcinogenic risk (TR) of arsenic and lead were within the acceptable range for fish but exceeded the accepted risk level for vegetables. From the health point of view, this study showed that the inhabitants who consume contaminated fish and vegetables are exposed chronically to metal pollution with carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic consequences.     

Metals and arsenic in marine fish commercialized in the NE Brazil: Risk to human health

Abstract

Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in fish is the result of long-term biomagnification in the food chain and is of public concern, due to the toxicity they engender. The objective of this research was to determine the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in 13 species of marine fish broadly commercialized in Aracaju, SE, Brazil and to evaluate the risks of fish consumption associated with these trace elements, using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). As, Cd, and Pb levels were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and mercury was analyzed via cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicate a large variability in concentrations for arsenic (0.07–2.03?mg kg^–1) and mercury (0.01–1.44?mg kg^–1), associated with the animal dietary category. Cadmium (0.04–0.19?mg kg^–1) and lead (<0.01–0.45?mg kg^–1), on the other hand showed a mild variability. None of the evaluated specimens had As, Cd, and Pb THQ values higher than 1. The THQ values for mercury were higher but indicated no consumption risk, except for amberjack, and snook fish. Overall THQ indicates lower risk of consumption in fish that are at the base of the food chain, than in those that are top predators.     

Seasonal Variation of Metals in Seawater, Sediment, and Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum from China

Concentrations of trace metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As) were determined for the first time in seawater, sediment, and Manila clam from Deer Island, Liaoning Province, China. The seawater, sediment, and clam samples were collected seasonally at three clam farming sites around Deer Island during 2010–2011. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As in the seawater samples were 4.16, 0.72, 5.88, 0.45, 2.51, 0.03, and 1.02 μg/l, respectively. The seasonal variations of trace metals in seawater showed a significant difference in the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, and As among seasons. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As in the sediment samples were 6.43, 13.80, 53.08, 1.10, 36.40, 0.05, and 4.78 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Trace metal concentrations in sediment seasonally varied significantly except for Cd and Hg. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam samples were 11.28, 0.61, 92.50, 0.58, 3.98, 0.03, and 1.98 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and As in Manila clam showed marked seasonal fluctuations with significant difference. Cu and Zn were the metals with the highest mean biosediment accumulation factor values in Manila clam. Besides, significant correlations for the concentrations of Cu and Zn relative to their concentrations in sediment were also found. Such differences in regression analyzes may be explained by differential bioaccumulation of essential and xenobiotic metals. Concentrations of trace metals in Manila clam did not exceed the maximum established regulatory concentrations for human consumption. Moreover, the calculations revealed that the estimated daily intake values for the examined clam samples were below the internationally accepted dietary guidelines and the calculated hazard quotient values were well less than 1, thus strongly indicating that health risk associated with the intake studied metals through the consumption of Manila clam from Deer Island was absent.     

Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of a coal mining city in East China

The aims of this study were to determine the concentrations, distribution, potential ecological risk (PER), and human health risk (Risk) of heavy metals in urban soils from a coal mining city in China. A total of 36 topsoil samples from Huainan city, Anhui, East China, were collected and analyzed for As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu. The PER was calculated to assess the pollution level. The hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk were used to assess the human health risk of heavy metals in the study area. The average concentration of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu were 12.54, 0.21, 24.21, 0.19, 49.39, and 21.74 mg kg^?1, respectively. The correlations between heavy metals indicated that Cu, Cr, Cd, and Pb mainly originated from automobile exhaust emissions, coal gangue, fly ash, and industrial wastewater, and that As and Hg mainly came from coal combustion exhaust. The PER index values of heavy metals decreased in the following order: Hg > Cd > As> Cu > Pb > Cr. The HI and Risk values indicated that the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of selected metals in the urban soil were both below the threshold values.     

The association between razor clam consumption and memory in the CoASTAL cohort

This study represents a preliminary effort to examine the potential impacts of chronic, low level domoic acid (DA) exposure on memory in the CoASTAL cohort over the first four years of data collection (Wave 1). Five hundred and thirteen adult men and women representing three Native American Tribes were studied annually with standard measures of cognition and razor clam consumption (a known vector of DA exposure) over a four-year period. In addition, a pilot metric of DA concentration exposure was used which took into consideration average DA concentration levels in source beaches, as well as the amount consumed. Based upon generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis, controlling for age, sex, race, year, education level, tribe, and employment status, findings indicated that high razor clam consumers (15 or more per month) had isolated decrements on some measures of memory (p = 0.02–0.03), with other cognitive functions unaffected. The relatively lower memory scores were still within normal limits, and were thus not clinically significant. The pilot DA exposure metric had no association with any other aspect of cognition or behavior. There is a possible association between long-term, low-level exposure to DA through heavy razor clam consumption and memory functioning.