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1.
Histamine releasing factors (HRF) are a group of cytokines that release histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils. It has been speculated that HRF might play a major role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Most investigators have studied PBMC as a source of HRF. This study was undertaken to investigate the cellular origin of HRF. Peripheral blood was processed to isolate and purify monocytes, T cells, CD4- T cells, CD8- T cells and B cells by using plastic adherence, 2-aminoethylisothiomonium-treated SRBC rosetting and negative selection with the use of mAb OKM1, OKT11, OKT8, OKT4, and OKB7 plus C. Highly purified subpopulations of PBMC were cultured alone or in the presence of Con A for 24 h. Supernatants were harvested, dialyzed, and assayed for HRF activity in the basophil histamine release test. We found that all subpopulations of PBMC including T cells, CD4- T cells, CD8- T cells, B cells, and monocytes produce variable quantities of HRF. The spontaneous production is very high in B cells but only barely measurable in T cells and monocytes. The synthesis of HRF by B cells was confirmed by abolishing the release of the activity after treatment of B cells with OKB7 mAb and C. Stimulation of cell populations by Con A significantly enhances HRF production by PBMC and T cells but not by B cells and monocytes. In mixing experiments, unstimulated monocytes + B cells showed synergism, but other combinations demonstrated an additive effect. This is the first demonstration of HRF production by human peripheral blood B cells. The results of this study also suggest that histamine releasing cytokines are of multiple cellular origin. This perhaps contributes to their molecular heterogeneity.  相似文献   

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In order to study the effects of vitamin C supplementation on gene expression and compare its action between physiological and inflammatory conditions, a pilot study was set up utilizing microarray and qPCR technologies. Five healthy volunteers were supplemented with 1 g vitamin C (Redoxon®) per day for five consecutive days. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were isolated before and just after the last supplementation, and RNA was isolated for the Affymetrix gene 1.0 ST chip analysis. PBMNC were also, ex vivo, treated with LPS, and gene expression was quantified by means of a “Human NFkB Signaling” qPCR array. Only a very moderate effect on the baseline gene expression modulation was associated with vitamin C supplementation. However, in spite of the limited number of subjects analyzed, vitamin C supplementation resulted in a markedly different modulation of gene expression upon the inflammatory stimulus, specifically at the level of the MyD88-dependent pathway and of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 synthesis. This study suggests that vitamin C supplementation in healthy subjects, not selected according to a specific genetic profile, consuming an adequate amount of vitamin C, and having a satisfactory vitamin C plasma concentration at the baseline, does not result in a significant modification of gene expression profile. Under this satisfactory micronutrient status, supplementation of vitamin C is “buffered” within a homeostatic physiological equilibrium. Differently, following a second “hit” constituted of an inflammatory stimulus such as LPS, able to trigger a critical burst to the normal physiological state, the higher availability of ascorbic acid emerges, and results in a significant modulation of cell response.  相似文献   

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聚肌胞(Poly I:C)是一种天然双链RNA(Double strand RNA, dsRNA)的拟似物,能够模拟病毒感染后所形成的dsRNA及刺激机体产生抗病毒免疫反应。文章以抗病力存在差异的大蒲莲和长白仔猪为研究对象,分离外周血单核细胞(Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, PBMC),在20 μg/mL的Poly I:C的免疫刺激下体外培养24 h,对影响免疫应答过程中的7个细胞因子(IRF3、IL6、IL8、IL10、TNFα、IFNγ和IFNα)和3个模式识别受体(TLR3、TLR4和RIG1)利用实时荧光定量PCR检测Poly I:C免疫刺激组相对于对照组的基因表达变化倍数。结果表明:检测的大部分细胞因子和受体(6个)表达量变化倍数很大,其中3种白细胞介素IL6、IL8和IL10免疫刺激变化倍数最大,平均变化倍数分别为20.71、10.87和5.18倍。对不同个体和品种间的比较发现,不仅大蒲莲和长白两品种间(大蒲莲猪的变化倍数平均高于长白猪)而且同品种的3头全同胞仔猪间对Poly I:C免疫刺激的应答也存在较大的变化。文章利用Poly I:C体外模拟dsRNA对PBMC的感染,为下一步筛选仔猪对Poly I:C刺激的免疫应答基因及鉴定大蒲莲猪特殊的抗性基因奠定了基础。  相似文献   

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This study compares the binding of a human recombinant alpha-interferon to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM) mellitus and control subjects. Diurnal and longer term of variation, feeding, fasting and haemoglobin glycosylation were examinated for their influence on interferon binding to PBMC. No gross differences in binding were demonstrated, in particular no effect of glucose levels was seen on the binding of interferon alpha-2 to PBMC.  相似文献   

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MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions including infectious diseases. Knowledge of the miRNAs affected by poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of viral double‐stranded RNA, in porcine airway epithelial cells (PAECs) contributes to understanding the mechanisms of swine viral respiratory diseases, which bring enormous economic loss worldwide every year. In this study, we used high throughput sequencing to profile miRNA expression in PAECs treated with poly(I:C) as compared to the untreated control. This approach revealed 23 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), five of which have not been implicated in viral infection before. Nineteen of the 23 miRNAs were down‐regulated including members of the miR‐17‐92 cluster, a well‐known polycistronic oncomir and extensively involved in viral infection in humans. Target genes of DEMs, predicted using bioinformatic methods and validated by luciferase reporter analysis on two representative DEMs, were significantly enriched in several pathways including transforming growth factor‐β signaling. A large quantity of sequence variations (isomiRs) were found including a substitution at position 5, which was verified to redirect miRNAs to a new spectrum of targets by luciferase reporter assay together with bioinformatics analysis. Twelve novel porcine miRNAs conserved in other species were identified by homology analysis together with cloning verification. Furthermore, the expression analysis revealed the potential importance of three novel miRNAs in porcine immune response to viruses. Overall, our data contribute to clarifying the mechanisms underlying the host immune response against respiratory viruses in pigs, and enriches the repertoire of porcine miRNAs.  相似文献   

8.
Human blood mononuclear cells in culture release a factor(s) that markedly enhances eosinophil cytotoxicity. This factor(s) stimulates eosinophils to kill Schistosoma mansoni larvae at low antibody concentrations and cell/target ratios. A study of the mononuclear cells of 78 subjects with chronic schistosomiasis mansoni and 33 controls suggests that the production of eosinophil cytotoxicity enhancing activity (ECEA) is suppressed in most patients with S. mansoni infections. Suppression of ECEA production was not observed, however, with cells from many patients with heavy infections, including patients with hepatosplenomegaly. The possible role of ECEA in the development of pathology is discussed.  相似文献   

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Background

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)facilitates DNA repair and PARP inhibitors may potentiate the effect of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents in patients with cancer. Collection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)as a surrogate tissue to monitor PARP inhibitor pharmacodynamic effects has several advantages over tumor biopsy collection, including minimally invasive sample collection and the ability to collect multiple samples for longitudinal assessment of drug effect.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Using our previously validated immunoassay for measuring poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), a product of PARP, in tumor biopsies, we validated a method to quantify PAR levels in PBMCs to monitor the pharmacodynamic effects of the PARP inhibitor ABT-888 in clinical trials. The inter-individual variation in PAR levels was large. No significant difference (P = 0.67) was measured between median baseline PAR levels in 144 healthy volunteers (131.7 pg/1×107 PBMCs [interquartile range, 79.5–241.6]) and 49 patients with cancer (149.2 pg/1×107 PBMCs [interquartile range, 83.2–249.3]). In addition, PAR levels monitored in healthy volunteers over 3 weeks had considerable intra- and inter-individual variation (range, 44–1073 pg PAR/1×107 PBMCs). As a pharmacodynamic model, we quantified changes in PAR levels in human PBMCs treated ex vivo with clinically relevant concentrations of ABT-888. Of 40 healthy volunteer PBMC samples treated with ABT-888, 47.5% had greater than 50% PAR reduction compared to vehicle-treated controls. Considerable inter-sample heterogeneity in PAR levels was measured, and several ABT-888–insensitive samples were identified.

Conclusions/Significance

Our results emphasize the importance of using a validated method to measure PAR levels, and support further investigation into the role of PARP in PBMCs. To this end, the PAR immunoassay has been validated for use with PBMCs and incorporated into clinical trials to assess PBMCs as a potential pharmacodynamic surrogate for tumor biopsies in clinical trials of PARP inhibitors.  相似文献   

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In spite of reports on cytokines induction by the Brucella DNA in murine model, there is no comparison between pathogenic and appropriate vaccine strains in human. We investigated the cytokines profile of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) induced by DNA extracted from pathogenic isolates of Brucella melitensis and B. abortus as well as Rev1 and S19; the appropriate vaccine strains. It was observed that despite differential induction of Interleukin(IL)-12 and IL-10 production, identical IL-12/IL-10 concentration ratio was obtained by all Brucella strains DNAs that was 2 after 24h and 4 after 5 days of incubation. In addition, IL-2 and Interferon(IFN)-gamma production were profoundly increased compared to the medium at day 3 and 5 respectively but IFN-alpha was not induced. Therefore, Brucella strains DNAs are Th1 inducing component with similar pattern in human PBMCs.  相似文献   

13.
FC Blanco  M Soria  MV Bianco  F Bigi 《PloS one》2012,7(7):e41066
Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of most cases of bovine tuberculosis. The identification of bTB biomarkers in specific stages of the disease will contribute to a better understanding of the immunopathology associated with tuberculosis and will enable their use in disease diagnosis and prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression profile induced after specific stimulation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle infected with M. bovis using the Affymetrix® GeneChip® Bovine Genome Array. A total of 172 genes showed differential expression profile that was statistically significant with log2-fold change >2.5 and <−2.5. Twenty-four out of these genes were upregulated and 148 were downregulated in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells of M. bovis-infected cattle. The highest differentially-expressed genes were related to immune and inflammatory responses, apoptosis, endocytosis, cellular trafficking and genes encoding proteins involved in cellular matrix degradation. Microarray results were confirmed in another group of infected cattle by RT-qPCR for the CD14, IL-1R, THBS1, MMP9 and FYVE genes. This study confirms previous findings that have shown that M. bovis infection in cattle results in the downregulation of immune response-related genes. Moreover, it validates the use of microarray platforms in combination with RT-qPCR to identify biomarkers of bovine tuberculosis. In addition, we propose CD14, IL-1R, THBS1, MMP9 and FYVE as potential biomarkers of bovine tuberculosis.  相似文献   

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The present study deals with the kinetics and thermodynamics of the uptake of75Se-labeled SeO 3 2? from incubation media to lymphocytes cultivated from eight normal individuals (14–55 years of age, two females). The uptake of SeO 3 2? was evaluated on the assumption of pseudo-first-order kinetics with regard to a reacting cellular receptor pool. On the basis of the experimental observations, it was assumed that the suggested pool of receptor molecules-symbolically represented by “£H4”—reacts with SeO 3 2? in the hypothetical reaction: $$\pounds H_4 + SeO_3^{2 - } + 2H^ + \underset{{ - k_1 }}{\overset{{k_1 }}{\longleftrightarrow}}\pounds Se + 3H_2 O$$ The mean value of the change in standard free energy at 25°C was calculated to be ΔG o=?141.6±1.3 kJ/mol, while the corresponding mean value of the free energy of activation at 25°C was calculated to be ΔG 2+=?7.8±0.9 kJ/mol for the forward reaction. The calculated values of the corresponding individual changes in the respective standard enthalpies and entropies were mutually interdependent for all eight donors. ΔH o=?152+315ΔS o(kJ/mol) corresponding to the common value ΔG o??152 kJ/mol at 315°K. These mutual interdependencies are possibly the effect of variable conformational states (e.g., the macromolecular compactness) of the cellular receptor pools. This suggestion may furthermore be supported by the correlation traced between ΔH o vs the biological age in years of the donors: △H °?76.7?1.0 (age)kJ/mol (r = ?0.92) The calculated values of activation enthalpy ΔH 2+ kJ/mol and activation entropy ΔS 2+ (kJ/mol K) also mutually correlated linearly (r=0.998); the regression line was: △H 2+ = ?8.9 + 305△S2+ (kJ/mol) corresponding to the common value △H 2+ △ ?8.9 (kJ/mol) at 305°K Similarly the activation enthalpy ΔH 2+ vs the biological age in years correlated linearly: ΔH 2+=67.4?0.73(age) (kJ/mol) (r=?0.76) The range of ΔH 2+ studied was from 13.8 to 53.9 kJ/mol with a linearly corresponding range in ΔS 2+ from 73 to 205 J/mol K. The thermodynamic data reveal the selenite uptake during the hypothetical standard reaction to be exergonic and endothermic. Critical pH dependencies of the selenite uptake were explained.  相似文献   

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Kim WK  Cho HJ  Ryu SI  Hwang HR  Kim DH  Ryu HY  Chung JW  Kim TY  Park BC  Bae KH  Ko Y  Lee SC 《BMB reports》2008,41(8):597-603
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that induces changes in various inflammatory skin cells. The prevalence of AD is as high as 18% in some regions of the world, and is steadily rising. However, the pathophysiology of AD is poorly understood. To identify the proteins involved in AD pathogenesis, a comparative proteomic analysis of protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from AD patients and healthy donors was conducted. Significant changes were observed in the expressions of fourteen proteins, including the vinculin, PITPNB, and Filamin A proteins. Among the proteins, alpha-SNAP and FLNA decreased significantly, and PITPNB increased significantly in AD patients compared with control subjects; these findings were further confirmed by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. The comparative proteome data may provide a valuable clue to further understand AD pathogenesis, and several differentially regulated proteins may be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and as target proteins for the development of novel drugs.  相似文献   

20.
The mechanisms by which H. pylori colonizes and persists within the gastric mucosa are poorly understood. The induction and maintenance of gastric inflammation appear to depend on the complex interaction between a number of cytokines and chemokines. The gastric immune response observed "in vivo", during H. pylori infection, is characterized by a polarization of Th1 cell type that seems to be responsible for gastric pathology. The purpose of this study was to test the direct effect of H. pylori (live or gentamicin-killed) on human PBMC in order to evaluate the "in vitro" Th1-Th2 balance by monitoring IL-18, IFNgamma and IL-10 production. This study demonstrates for the first time that "in vitro" pretreatment with gentamicin-killed H. pylori of PBMC, followed by infection with live bacteria, downregulates the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 and IFNgamma Our results provide a possible strategy to restore the immunological disorders determined by H. pylori infection.  相似文献   

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