bFGF对脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马及顶叶皮质神经元的保护作用

目的本实验应用大脑中动脉栓塞（MCAO）模型,观察bFGF对脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马及顶叶皮质中Wnt通路抑制因子Dickkopf-1（DKK-1）和Wnt通路中pCatenin的表达作用的影响,以探讨Wnt通路对缺血性脑损伤的作用机制,为临床治疗缺血性脑血管病提供实验依据。方法应用线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,大脑中动脉阻塞1h再灌注损伤24h,采用免疫组织化学SABC法及RT-PCR法检测海马及顶叶皮质CA1区神经元β-Catenin和DKK-1mRNA的表达。结果正常sham组,大鼠海马组织DKK-1 mRNA表达较少,β-Catenin阳性产物在细胞质内有所表达;I／R组,DKK-1 mRNA表达明显增多,β-Catenin在胞质内表达明显减少;bFGF组,大鼠海马组织DKK-1 mRNA表达较I／R组明显减少,而海马细胞质内β-Catenin表达较I／R组明显增加。结论bFGF抑制缺血神经元凋亡,参与DKK-1 mRNA和β-Catenin的调节,对缺血神经元有保护作用。     

刺五加胶囊对抑郁大鼠海马组织TH、TPH表达的影响

目的:探讨刺五加胶囊对抑郁大鼠海马组织TH、TPH表达的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和刺五加胶囊低、中、高剂量组,21d慢性轻度不可预见性应激刺激法(chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS)制备大鼠抑郁模型,对照组给予生理盐水1ml灌胃,刺五加胶囊低、中、高剂量组分别给予刺五加胶囊(300mg/kg,600mg/kg,1200mg/kg)灌胃,取大鼠海马组织。分别采用realtime RT-PCR和western blot方法观察大鼠海马组织酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)、色氨酸羟化酶(TPH)的表达。结果:刺五加胶囊低剂量组能明显升高海马组织中TH、TPH mRNA和蛋白的表达(P<0.05),中、高剂量组能显著升高海马组织中TH、TPH mRNA和蛋白的表达(P<0.01)。结论:刺五加胶囊能升高抑郁大鼠海马组织中TH、TPH的表达。     

刺五加胶囊对抑郁大鼠海马组织TH、TPH表达的影响

目的：探讨刺五加胶囊对抑郁大鼠海马组织TH、TPH表达的影响。方法：SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和刺五加胶囊低、中、高剂量组,21d慢性轻度不可预见性应激刺激法（chronicunpredictablemildstress,CUMS）制备大鼠抑郁模型,对照组给予生理盐水1ml灌胃,刺五加胶囊低、中、高剂量组分别给予刺五加胶囊（300mg／kg,600mg／kg,1200mg／kg）灌胃,取大鼠海马组织。分别采用realtimeRT-PCR和westernblot方法观察大鼠海马组织酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）、色氨酸羟化酶（TPH）的表达。结果：刺五加胶囊低剂量组能明显升高海马组织中TH、TPHmRNA和蛋白的表达（P〈0．05）,中、高剂量组能显著升高海马组织中TH、TPHmRNA和蛋白的表达（P〈0．01）。结论：刺五加胶囊能升高抑郁大鼠海马组织中TH、TPH的表达。     

黄连浸出液对脑缺血大鼠海马区BDNF mRNA表达的影响

为了探究黄连浸出液对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马区脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)mRNA表达的影响,本研究随机将50只雄性SD大鼠(240±20) g分为假手术组、模型组、黄连浸出液低剂量(2.5 g/kg)、中剂量(5.0 g/kg)和高剂量(10.0 g/kg)治疗组,采用线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血(MCAO)模型,假手术组不予线栓处理,术后对大鼠进行神经功能评分。对各治疗组给予灌胃治疗,按照人和大鼠等效剂量关系换算,每只大鼠1d灌胃两次,每次2.5 mL,连续灌胃3d。模型组、假手术组用等量生理盐水灌胃。应用RT-PCR测定了黄连浸出液对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马区BDNF表达的影响。与假手术组(BDNF mRNA相对表达量为(0.386±0.011)比较),模型组大鼠海马区BDNF mRNA表达显著增加,相对表达量为(0.458±0.029),差异具有统计学意义(p0.05);与模型组比较,黄连中剂量和高剂量治疗组BDNF mRNA的表达均显著增加,相对表达量分别为(0.622±0.040)和(0.518±0.033),差异均有统计学意义(p0.05);与黄连高剂量组相比,中剂量治疗组差异更为显著(p0.05)。本研究表明,黄连浸出液可促进脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马区BDNF mRNA的表达,改善脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的神经功能,保护神经元,黄连浸出液中剂量(5.0 g/kg)作用更为明显。     

腹腔注射LPS 对大鼠海马nNOS 和iNOS 表达的影响

目的：探讨外周免疫刺激对大鼠海马nNOS和iNOS表达的影响。方法：腹腔注射LPS600μg／kg建立免疫激发大鼠模型,对照组注射等量的生理盐水,2．5h后用RT—PCR技术,观察两组大鼠海马nNOS mRNA和iNOS mRNA的表达变化,检测OD值并进行统计学分析。结果：腹腔注射LPS组大鼠海马的nNOS和iNOS的mRNA水平较对照组高。结论：海马在大鼠机体的免疫应激反应中起重要调节作用,iNOS和nNOS来源的N0是该调节过程中的重要信使分子。     

产前应激子代大鼠海马核转录因子-κB表达的性别差异

本研究采用免疫组织化学和Western blot检测NF-κB p65/p50在产前应激子代海马的表达,并探讨其表达是否存在性别差异。研究结果显示,在雌性子代,中、晚期应激组海马齿状回p65表达显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）,而海马各区p50表达均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）,中、晚期应激组间p65和p50表达均有显著差异（P〈0．01）。在雄性子代,中、晚期应激组海马齿状回p65表达显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）,晚期应激组海马各区p50表达均显著低于对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,中、晚期应激组间p65和p50表达均有显著差异（P〈0．01）。雌、雄子代比较,对照组雌、雄p65表达差异极显著妒〈0．01）,p50仅在海马CA1区表达差异极显著（P〈0．01）;中期应激组雌、雄子代大鼠海马p65／p50表达无显著差异;晚期应激组雌、雄海马p65／p50表达均有极显著差异（P〈0．01）。Western blot与免疫组织化学结果基本一致。结果表明,产前不同时期的应激显著影响子代海马NF-κB p65和p50表达,且有性别差异,这可能是产前应激对子代雌、雄大鼠学习记忆能力影响差异的机制之一。     

电针对糖尿病大鼠学习记忆障碍及海马NT-3表达的影响

目的观察电针对糖尿病性认知功能障碍大鼠学习记忆的改善作用,及其对海马神经营养因子-3（NT-3）mRNA和免疫反应阳性细胞表达的影响。方法采用2％链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）构建糖尿病大鼠模型,将模型大鼠随机分为电针组（EA）、对照组（DM）与正常组（CN）进行比较。电针4周后糖尿病测定血糖水平,并用Morris水迷宫法观察电针对糖尿病大鼠学习记忆的影响,应用RT-PCR和免疫组化方法检测海马NT-3mRNA和免疫反应阳性细胞的表达水平。结果对照组血糖、上台潜伏期高于正常组和电针组（P〈0．01）,对照组NT-3mRNA和免疫反应阳性细胞的表达明显低于正常组和电针组（P〈0．01）;电针组NT-3表达明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论电针能在一定程度上降低血糖,促进海马NT-3mRNA和免疫反应阳性细胞的表达,改善糖尿病认知功能障碍者的学习和认知功能。     

全脑缺血/再灌注大鼠海马PPARγ mRNA表达变化

目的 观察大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注损伤后海马PPARγ mRNA表达的动态变化.方法 采用夹闭双侧颈总动脉,颈总静脉抽血后回输建立大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注损伤模型.Morris水迷宫检测大鼠空间定向能力变化,HE染色观察海马病理组织学改变及RT-PCR法检测缺血再灌注后不同时间点PPARγ mRNA的表达变化.结果 全脑缺血/再灌注损伤导致大鼠空间学习及记忆能力明显下降,海马神经元出现明显的核固缩和细胞丢失.PPARγ mRNA的表达先升高后降低,以缺血/再灌注后48 h表达水平最高,30 d后接近正常水平.结论 全脑缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠海马组织中PPARγ mRNA的表达,在再灌注30 d内明显增加,表达高峰在48 h.     

甲低对新生早期大鼠海马及齿状回Goα mRNA的影响

目的：研究甲状腺功能低下（甲减）对围生早期大鼠海马及齿状回Goα mRNA表达的影响。方法：采用地高辛标记寡核苷酸探针原位杂交技术,观察7d龄围生期甲减及正常Wistar大鼠海马CA1－4区及齿状回Goα mRNA的表达状况。结果：7d龄甲状腺激素对围生早期海巴及齿状回Goα 基因的表达具有负调节作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.