苏云金杆菌entomocidus亚种几丁质酶基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

从苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,B t)entom oc idus亚种HD109菌株中克隆了几丁质酶基因chiA74-HD109,其序列全长为2 031 bp,编码676个氨基酸,GenBank登录号为AY455290。其编码产物与蜡状芽孢杆菌几丁质酶CHiB(AB041932)的相似性达97.9%,与B t kenyae亚种LB IT-82菌株几丁质酶chiA74(AF424979)的相似性达98.4%,与B t pak istan i亚种几丁质酶(U89796)的相似性为83.0%,与B t kurstak i亚种几丁质酶kchi(AY189740)的相似性达97.8%,与B t israe lensis亚种几丁质酶(AF526379)的相似性达96.6%,与B t几丁质酶(AY074882)的相似性达98.4%,与B t sotto亚种几丁质酶(AY129671)的相似性为97.3%。功能结构域分析显示其编码区包含信号肽、催化区、Ⅲ型粘蛋白同源区及几丁质结合区4个部分。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌chiA,chiB全基因的克隆、表达及其序列分析

以苏云金芽孢杆菌科默尔亚种15A3菌株基因组DNA为模版,用touchdown PCR方法扩增几丁质酶ChiA和ChiB的全基因序列(GenBank登录号:EF103273和DQ512474)。将PCR产物连接pUCm-T克隆载体,获得重组质粒pUCm-chiA和pUCm-chiB,分别转化E.coliXL-Blue。克隆的几丁质酶基因可以利用本身的启动子异源表达各自的蛋白,不需要几丁质作为诱导物。表达的几丁质酶能够分泌到胞外。证明15A3菌株可组成型表达2种几丁质酶。经核苷酸及氨基酸序列分析证明,chiA基因全长1426bp,含有343bp的上游非编码区和1083bp的ORF,编码360个氨基酸。推测成熟蛋白分子量为36kD,只有一个几丁质酶催化域。chiB基因全长2279bp,含有248bp的上游非编码区和2031bp的ORF,编码676个氨基酸。推测成熟蛋白分子量约为70.6kD,具有三个功能域。核苷酸序列分析显示chiA和chiB的启动子所处的位置及转录起始碱基都不相同,-35区相同,而-10区有两个碱基不同,SD序列也不完全一致。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌芽孢萌发相关基因gerM的克隆及功能研究

依照蜡状芽孢杆菌gerM基因的保守序列设计引物,从苏云金芽孢杆菌中扩增出640bp的DNA片段。以此为探针,从苏云金芽孢杆菌部分基因组酶切文库中成功地克隆到了一个4·5kb的DNA片段。序列分析表明,该片段包含一个完整的开放阅读框,其预测的编码产物与枯草芽孢杆菌GerM蛋白具有很高的同源性,将该基因命名为gerM。RT-PCR分析表明,gerM基因仅在芽孢形成的过程中表达。通过同源重组的策略构建了gerM基因的阻断突变株。研究表明,gerM基因的破坏影响苏云金芽孢杆菌芽孢萌发的速率和比例。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌拟步行甲亚种YBT_1765中稳定质粒pBMB175的克隆和功能分析

从苏云金芽胞杆菌拟步行甲亚种YBT_1765中克隆得到一个大小约152 kb的质粒pBMB175,构建了该质粒的限制性图谱,通过功能验证,将其最小的复制区定位在一个1151bp的片段上。分析了包含有这个复制区的一个大小为4152 bp的核苷酸序列,该片段包含有3个编码框（ORF1、OFR2和ORF3）。氨基酸序列同源性比较发现, ORF1(767AA)与UvrD_旋促酶、重组酶RecD和RecB家族具有20%～30%的相似性;ORF2（149AA）没有发现与任何已知序列具有同源性;ORF3（83AA）与pGI3中一个未知功能的蛋白（ORF7）具有34%的相似性。通过缺失及序列比较分析推测ORF2可能编码一种新的复制蛋白。因此pBMB175的复制类型可能属于一类新的复制家族。利用最小复制区构建的重组质粒在无抗生素选择压力下可稳定遗传40多代,具备构建稳定遗传质粒载体的潜力。     

地衣芽孢杆菌16S rRNA基因的TD-PCR扩增及系统发育分析

运用16SrRNA基因序列分析了中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心(CICC)保存的30株地衣芽孢杆菌的系统发育关系,结果显示:24株菌株位于地衣芽孢杆菌系统发育分支;3株菌株位于蜡状芽孢杆菌-苏云金芽孢杆菌系统发育分支;1株菌株位于枯草芽孢杆菌系统发育分支;2株菌株与其它地衣芽孢杆菌菌株间序列同源性为96.4%~97.4%,明显低于其它地衣芽孢杆菌菌株间同源性,分类地位不明确,有待进一步讨论。通过比较分析16SrRNA基因5′端500bp、3′端500bp以及其全基因的系统发育树,表明16SrRNA基因5′端500bp可以很好的代表全基因序列进行系统发育研究,可用于区分地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌以及蜡状芽孢杆菌分支。     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒几丁质酶基因及杆状病毒 几丁质酶基因的分子进化

用PCR方法扩增了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（HaSNPV）几丁质酶基因,测定了基因编码区的核苷酸全序列。基因编码区全长1.713 bp,可编码570个氨基酸残基组成的多肽,预计分子量为63.6 kD。将所推导的HaSNPV几丁质酶氨基酸序列与其它已知杆状病毒几丁质酶氨基酸序列进行联配比较,结果表明HaSNPV 与谷实夜蛾H.zea单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（HzSNPV）的氨基酸序列非常相似,同源性高达90.7%,与苜蓿丫纹夜蛾Autographa californica多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（AcMNPV）、家蚕Bombyx mori核型多角体病毒（BmNPV）、美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea核型多角体病毒（HcNPV）、舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（LdMNPV）、黄杉毒蛾Orgyia pseudotsugata多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（OpMNPV）和云杉卷叶蛾Choristoneura fumiferana核型多角体病毒（CfMNPV）氨基酸序列同源性分别为64.4%、64.9%、64.2%、62.9%、66.2%和61.5%。根据氨基酸序列用PC＼GENE程序绘制已知杆状病毒几丁质酶的分子系统树,并与杆状病毒中最为保守的多角体蛋白基因系统树作了比较,结果表明几丁质酶基因和多角体蛋白基因的进化速率是不尽相同的。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌chiA,chiB全基因的克隆、表达及其序列分析

以苏云金芽孢杆菌科默尔亚种15A3菌株基因组DNA为模版,用touchdown PCR方法扩增几丁质酶ChiA和ChiB的全基因序列(GenBank登录号:EF103273和DQ512474)。将PCR产物连接pUCm-T克隆载体,获得重组质粒pUCm-chiA和pUCm-chiB,分别转化E.coliXL-Blue。克隆的几丁质酶基因可以利用本身的启动子异源表达各自的蛋白,不需要几丁质作为诱导物。表达的几丁质酶能够分泌到胞外。证明15A3菌株可组成型表达2种几丁质酶。经核苷酸及氨基酸序列分析证明,chiA基因全长1426bp,含有343bp的上游非编码区和1083bp的ORF,编码360个氨基酸。推测成熟蛋白分子量为36kD,只有一个几丁质酶催化域。chiB基因全长2279bp,含有248bp的上游非编码区和2031bp的ORF,编码676个氨基酸。推测成熟蛋白分子量约为70.6kD,具有三个功能域。核苷酸序列分析显示chiA和chiB的启动子所处的位置及转录起始碱基都不相同,-35区相同,而-10区有两个碱基不同,SD序列也不完全一致。     

嗜热菌Thermus sp. YBJ-1的分离和淀粉酶基因的克隆

从西藏热泉水样分离得到一株嗜热菌（YBJ-1）,其16S Rdna（1511bp）序列与栖热菌（Thermus scotoductus ITI252T）的同源性为98%。 通过PCR技术将Thermus sp. YBJ-1的淀粉酶基因(amyT)全长开放阅读框克隆到T载体。分析表明, amyT的ORF全长为1767bp,编码588个氨基酸。推导的氨基酸序列与嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的阿尔法环糊精酶（Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha cyclodextrinase） 和栖热菌Thermus sp.IM6501的麦芽糖淀粉酶（Thermus sp.IM6501 maltogenic amylase）分别有99%和96%的同源性,与嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的新普鲁兰酶（neopullulanas）的同源性为81%。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌拟步行甲亚种YBT-1765中稳定质粒pBMB175的克隆和功能分析

从苏云金芽胞杆菌拟步行甲亚种YBT_1765中克隆得到一个大小约15.2kb的质粒pBMB175,构建了该质粒的限制性图谱,通过功能验证,将其最小的复制区定位在一个1151bp的片段上。分析了包含有这个复制区的一个大小为4152bp的核苷酸序列,该片段包含有3个编码框(ORF1、OFR2和ORF3)。氨基酸序列同源性比较发现,ORF1(767AA)与UvrD_旋促酶、重组酶RecD和RecB家族具有20%～30%的相似性;ORF2(149AA)没有发现与任何已知序列具有同源性;ORF3(83AA)与pGI3中一个未知功能的蛋白(ORF7)具有34%的相似性。通过缺失及序列比较分析推测ORF2可能编码一种新的复制蛋白。因此pBMB175的复制类型可能属于一类新的复制家族。利用最小复制区构建的重组质粒在无抗生素选择压力下可稳定遗传40多代,具备构建稳定遗传质粒载体的潜力。     

嗜热菌Thermus sp.YBJ-1的分离和淀粉酶基因的克隆

从西藏热泉水样分离得到一株嗜热菌(YBJ-1),其16S rDNA(1511bp)序列与栖热菌(Thermus scotoductus ITI-252T)的同源性为98％。通过PCR技术将Thermus sp．YBJ-1的淀粉酶基因(amyT)全长开放阅读框克隆到T载体。分析表明,amyT的ORF全长为1767bp,编码588个氨基酸。推导的氨基酸序列与嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的阿尔法环糊精酶(Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-eyclodextrinase)和栖热菌Thermus sp．IM6501的麦芽糖淀粉酶(Thermus sp．IM6501 mahogenic amylase)分别有99％和96％的同源性,与嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的新普鲁兰酶(neopullulanase)的同源性为81％。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.