中国脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗株基因变异的分析

从急性弛缓性麻痹（ＡＦＰ）病例分离的３２株脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）病毒,在ＶＰ１编码区,经ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ方法鉴定,并经核酸测序进一步证实力疫苗株,其中５株为Ｉ型疫苗,１６株Ⅱ型疫苗株,１１株Ⅲ型疫苗株,以同样的分析方法检测这些毒株基因组的３Ｄ聚合酶编码区,发现２株Ｉ型疫苗株在３Ｄ区的４３１个核苷酸序列为野毒序列,即这２株Ｓａｂｉｎ１基因型（ＶＰ１）与野毒基因型（３Ｄ）重组株;其余３株Ｉ型疫苗株未发现基     

PCR法检测外环境水中脊髓灰质炎病毒I型基因的研究

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测外环境水中分离的脊髓灰质炎病毒Ｉ型（ＰＶＩ）毒株基因型,发现所分离的２２株病毒,均为疫苗ＳａｂｉｎＩ相关株,脊髓灰质炎病毒的温度敏感（Ｔ特征）试验亦提示为弱毒标,与ＰＣＲ试验相吻合,表明实施强化免疫和常规免疫后,外环境中的脊髓灰质炎病毒已被疫苗相关株循环所取代,同时证实用了ＰＣＲ作为相环境中ＰＶＩ病毒株的基因型分析的检测方法是特异和敏感的。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒中国强毒株A节段cDNA基因的克隆和序列分析

以来自哈尔滨传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ） 强毒株（Ｈａｒｂｉｎ 毒株,Ｈ） 的基因组ＲＮＡ为模板,用反转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ ＰＣＲ） 的方法得到了其Ａ 节段的全长ｃＤＮＡ 片段,分５＇端（１ ６５９ｂｐ） 和３＇端（１ ４４４ｂｐ） 上下两段分别克隆到ｐＧＥＭＢ○Ｒ － Ｔ 载体上,测定了其核苷酸顺序,在长为３ １０１ ｂｐ 中含有两个阅读框ＯＲＦＡ１ 和ＯＲＦＡ２ ,分别编码１ ０１２ 个氨基酸的前体蛋白（ＶＰ２ － ４ －３） 和１４５ 个氨基酸的ＶＰ５,ＯＲＦＡ１ 和ＯＲＦＡ２ 有部分的重叠。将核苷酸序列及推测出的氨基酸序列与已报道的ＩＢＤＶ 血清Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型毒株的相应序列进行了比较,结果表明：Ｈ 毒株与其它血清Ⅰ型毒株之间,在核苷酸水平上存在２５ｂｐ － ２６７ｂｐ 的差异;在氨基酸水平上存在１７ ～４０ 个氨基酸的差异。在ＶＰ２ － ４ － ３ 内比较显示,Ｈ 毒株与Ｐ２ 、Ｃｕ－ １ 之间氨基酸的差异最小为１ ．７％ ,Ｈ 毒株与ＵＫ６６１ 之间氨基酸的差异最大为３ ．９ ％ 。变异主要发生在ＶＰ２ 的可变区（２０６ － ３５０ 位氨基酸） ,在Ｈ 毒株所特有的１２ 个氨基酸当中,该区就占５ 个,代表１ ．７６ ％ 的变异。ＶＰ４、ＶＰ３ 和ＶＰ５区各有     

中国脊髓灰质炎Ⅰ型野毒株的PCR－RFLP法分析

近年来我国流行地区分离的脊髓灰质炎病毒多为Ⅰ型野毒。本文报导对我国一些省、自治区防疫站从急性驰缓性麻痹病人粪便中分离的７７株Ⅰ型野毒株,经ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ法分析结果,发现不同地区分离的野毒株在电泳图像上有明显差异。根据电泳图像所显示的三种酶切条带的数目,可分为１４个类型,而且同一省、自治区内不同地区（如新疆）,或同一地区不同年份（如广东）的毒株也存在着明显差异。但在某些相邻省份如广东省与海南省,９２年流行毒株电泳图像完全一致。说明本法虽不如核酸序列分析精确,但在一定程度上也能反映毒株间的差异,有助于说明流行株的亲疏关系,可用于研究毒株的分子流行病学。     

我国脊髓灰质炎Ⅰ型野病毒JX基因型特异RNA探针及其应用

及时发现脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）野病毒,是消灭脊灰工作中病毒学监测的首要任务。近期我国存在４个脊灰Ⅰ型野病毒基因型,其中Ｐ１／ＣＨＮ－ＪＸ８９和Ｐ１／ＣＨＮ－Ｒ９１为两个主要的流行基因型。在分析了我国大量脊灰野病毒ＶＰ１核酸序列的基础上,选取了１３３８ＪＸ８９病毒ＶＰ１５′端的９６个核苷酸片段（２４８０－２５７５）,经ＰＣＲ扩增,克隆至ｐＵＣ／Ｔ７质粒,线性化后,用Ｔ７ＲＮＡ多聚酶制备ＲＮＡ探针,并将Ｄｉｇ标记物渗入探针分子中。经杂交试验,两个主要基因型病毒全部与此探针呈阳性反应,而其它基因型和疫苗相关病毒均为阴性反应,体现了较好的特异性与敏感性,而且实验结果由核酸序列分析等证实。脊灰野毒探针的应用在国际上尚未见报道,它克服了疫苗探针杂交中容易遗漏野毒株的缺点,直接查出野病毒。这对疫苗株中混有少量野毒株的分离物有重要意义。     

犬细小病毒中国内蒙株VP2基因克隆及序列分析

从我国内蒙古地区流行的犬细小病毒病病犬的肠溶物中分离提纯犬细小病毒（ＣＰＶ）。提取病毒基因组ＤＮＡ,并以此ＤＮＡ为模板,采用人工合成的引物进行ＰＣＲ扩增,ＰＣＲ产物经ＢａｍＨＩ、ＳａｃＩ双酶切后,克隆于ｐＵＣ１９质粒的ＢａｍＨＩ／ＳａｃＩ位点。重组质粒ｐＵＣＶＰ２经ＰＣＲ鉴定、限制酶切分析和序列分析,结果表明：获得了犬细小病毒内蒙株（ＣＰＶ－ＩＭ）ＶＰ２基因的全长克隆,ＶＰ２基因全长１７５５ｎｔ,     

广西壮族自治区HIV—1流行毒株的基因序列测定和亚型分析

使用ＰＣＲ技术对１４份广西ＨＩＶ－１阳性感染者外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣｓ）样品进行扩增,获得ＨＩＶ－１膜蛋白（ｅｎｖ）基因的核酸片段,并对其Ｃ２－Ｖ３及邻区３５０￣４５０个核苷酸序列进行了测定和分析。结果表明,１４份样品中９份为泰国Ｂ（Ｂ＇）亚型,５份为Ｅ亚型毒株。其中Ｂ＇亚型毒株的基因离散率为４．２％,与Ａ－Ｅ参考亚型及部分Ｂ亚型代表株序列相比较,与包括泰国、缅甸及云南德宏在内的Ｂ亚型毒株序列十     

用RT-PCR和RFLP对禽传染性支气管炎病毒中国分离株的分型

用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法获取了禽传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）标准毒株Ｍ４１、Ｈ５２、Ａ５９６８和国内分离株Ｄ４１、Ｆ、Ｇ的Ｓ１基因,对它们做ＲＦＬＰ分析,发现Ｄ４１、Ｆ株属于马萨诸塞血清型、Ｇ株为变异株。对用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和ＲＦＬＰ来区分ＩＢＶ的分型方法的应用理论和前景进行了论述。     

多重PCR法检测对皮下和造血器官坏死杆状病毒

根据对虾皮下和造血坏死杆状病毒（ＨＨＮＢＶ）ＨＨＮＢＶ－ＸＩＡ靶基因序列设计了４个多重ＰＣＲ法用引物（Ｐ１、Ｐ２、Ｐ３、Ｐ４）。采用了五种引物组合形式分别对ＨＨＮＢＶ－ＸＩＡ、ＨＨＮＢＶ基因和ＰＲＤＶ－ＪＡＰＡＮ片段进行了物异扩增,建立了多重ＰＣＲ检测ＨＨＮＢＶ方法。通过优化多重ＰＣＲ法检测ＨＨＮＢＶ条件,可从阳性感染的中国对虾ｆｇ级ＤＮＡ中定性检测出皮下和造血器官坏死杆状病毒。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒CJ－801bkf毒株VP2 cDNA基因结构的分析

以传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＮ）中国毒株ＣＪ－８０１ｂｋｆ的基因组Ａ片段ｄｓＲＭＡ为模板,经反向转录和ＰＣＲ扩增,克隆了保护性抗原ＶＰ２ｃＤＮＡ基因。经Ｓａｎｇｅｒ法测序,确定了ＶＰ２ｃＤＮＡ基因有１４８４个核苷酸,推测了ＶＰ２氨基酸的顺序,与已报导的６株ＩＢＤＶ毒株ＣｕＩ、ＰＢＧ９８、５２／７０、００２－７３、ＳＴＣ和ＶａｒｉａｎｔＥ的ＶＰ２区做了比较,证明：克隆的ＣＪ－８０１ｂｋｆＶＰ２ｃＤＮＡ基因是全长的,含有正确的起始密码子ＡＴＧ;ＣＪ－８０１ｂｋｆ与毒株Ｃｕｌ和ｐＢＧ９８同源性最高;ＣＪ－８０１ｂｋｆＶＰ２高可变区内两个亲水区的氨基酸顺序与ＣｕＩ、ＰＢＧ９８、５２／７０、００２－７３和ＳＴＣ完全相同;７肽区内第三个丝氨酸残基则变异为精氨酸。这些结果提示,中国ＣＪ－８０１ｂｋｆ毒株应属标准血清Ｉ型ＩＢＤＶ弱毒株。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.