中国人身高的地带性

如您由广州到北京旅游观光,沿途若能注意观察各地方的人群,便会发现一个十分有趣且呈现一定规律的现象,即人们的身高逐步由矮增高;如您从上海到四川,沿途也会观察到类似的现象,不过人们的身高不是由矮增高,而是由高逐渐地变矮。由广州至北京最早指出中国人的身高由南至北逐渐增高现象的,是著名考古学家、长期在台湾省担任历史语言研究所所长的李济(1896—1979)。他在1923年获哈佛大学博士学位     

中国人与澳大利亚人的颏孔高度

吴新智在1961年研究山顶洞人头骨时曾指出,下颌骨颏孔的相对高度在人类进化上有着一定的意义。尼人的这一指数比新人的低,新人化石的则比现代中国人的低。现代人这一方面的种族间比较则未见报道。本文提供资料以填补这方面的空缺。 本文所用材料是收藏于南京铁道医学院解剖教研室的,出自华东的现代中国人下颌骨和收藏于澳大利亚国立大学的采自木莱河流域的澳大利亚土著人下颌骨。中国标本的性别系根据同一个体的骨盆来判断;澳大利亚标本则由澳大利亚国立大学的人类学家桑恩博士参考同一个体的头骨来判断,作者在此表示感谢。     

中国人与澳大利亚人的颏孔高度

In Chinese specimens, sexual differnces of the height of mental foramen and mandibular body are significant; no significant sexual differnce shown in relative height of mental foramen. In Australian specimens, absolute and relative height of mental foramen no significant differnce is shown between these series. Data are shown in the tables of the Chinese text.     

中国人体内含有的长寿基因

我国科学家在国际上首次发现具有中国人特征的胸腺素原α基因,并被美国国立卫生研究院基因库收入登录正式命名。     

中国人颅骨缝的变化与年龄关系

本文以在广西收集的有生前年龄记录的中国人139例15-84岁男性颅骨为研究材料,依据Broca氏颅缝愈合的0-4度分级标准,分13个年龄组,分别对矢状缝、冠状缝、人字缝、蝶额缝、蝶顶缝、蝶鳞缝、枕乳突缝、顶乳突缝、鳞缝等九个颅骨内外板缝进行研究,分析每个颅骨缝各愈合度的百分率和颅骨缝的变化与年龄关系。并与欧洲人和日本人作对比,显示出人种、民族和个体的一些差异。     

宋朝中国人的姓氏分布与群体结构分化

姓氏是一种十分有用的文化遗传因子,它的传递方式类似于Ｙ染色体的表现。１０００年前宋朝（公元９６０￣１１７９年）中国人姓氏频率的分布,是一组十分吻合Ｋａｒｌｉｎ－ＭｃＧｒｅｇｏｒ的中性等位基因分布理论的随机数据。１６个省区的姓氏种类丰度的相对参数α和迁移率的相对参数ｖ的分析,反映了这一时期的中国人群的迁移和人群间混合的程度。姓氏遗传距离和现状聚类图的分析,表明在１０００年前的宋朝中国人群已经形成了南     

额窦同一认定的研究

本研究对额窦形态结构的观察,通过额窦的同一认定,进行个人识别;另一方面了解南方人的额窦形态结构特点,为法医人类学和法医放射学积累资料。从九个方面观察正位颅骨X光片的额窦形态结构;用22项形态特征指标对额窦进行描述,利用数字编码对额窦的指标进行评分。22项形态特征指标变异程度和个人识别率在0.46861—0.91120之间;22项指标累积变异程度和个人识别率为0.9999999999988,22项指标评分相同的概率为1.18366×10^-12,有7.5×10^11以上种组合形式。所有样本的22项指标组合评分不同。所观察的特征在不同个体间具有高度变异性,是进行个人识别的较好指标,本研究建立的这套观察指标和方法具有较好的个人识别能力。     

中国人姓氏群体遗传I.姓氏频率分布与人群遗传分化

分析了明朝中国人姓氏分布特征和１０００年中影响姓氏分布的因数。通过对１０００年来３个不同历史时期的α和ｖ值的分析,较为清楚地看到了中国人姓氏分布的规律,中国普遍存在同姓人群,尤其在中原地区相对隔离的同源Ｙ染色体的群体（同姓人群）种类不同于其他寻区,特别是比南方地区相对要多,姓氏种类也多。假设每一种同姓人群携带某一种特定类型的Ｙ－ＤＮＡ单倍型,那么,姓氏分布的特征可能提示在中国姓氏起源的中心－－中原     

A study of distribution,sex differences and stability of lip print patterns in an Indian population

Lip prints are very useful in forensic investigations. The objective of this study is to determine predominant lip print pattern found among a central Indian population, to evaluate whether any sex difference exists and to study the permanence of the pattern over a 6 month duration. This study included 200 healthy adult subjects comprising of 100 males and 100 females in the age group of 18–25 years. A convenient and easier method of data collection i.e., digital photography was used instead of the traditional lipstick methods. Lip prints were then divided into four quadrants and recognized as per Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification.Type I (30.63%) was found to be most predominant overall in the Marathi population. Type I (29.75%) and Type III (35.75%) were found most prevalent in males and females respectively. Applying the Chi-Square test, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between male and female lip print patterns in each of the quadrants individually and all quadrants taken together. The lip print patterns remained stable over a period of six-months. Being stable and with significant sex differences, lip prints can be effectively used as an important tool in forensic investigations for individualization as well as identification of sex of the donor, thus, narrowing down the scope of investigation to almost half.     

生物特征识别及研究现状

对不同生物特征识别技术作了简要介绍,并对它们的识别原理、特征、应用的优缺点进行了较为详细的论述。对生物特征识别技术的应用前景和发展方向进行了分析。     

海南岛黎族指、掌纹研究及临高人与汉族、壮族指、掌纹特征比较

本文描述了海南岛黎族和临高人的指、掌纹特征;应用聚类分析方法对临高人与汉族、壮族的指、掌纹特征进行了比较。作者认为:(1)黎族的个别掌纹特征表明存在着黎族与某些黑色人种混血的可能性;(2)黎族的四个支系中,(亻考)黎的指、掌纹特征最具有代表性;(3)临高人的指、掌纹特征与汉族类似而与壮族有着较大的差异。     

海南岛黎族指、掌纹研究及临高人与汉族、壮族指、掌纹特征比较

本文描述了海南岛黎族和临高人的指、掌纹特征;应用聚类分析方法对临高人与汉族、壮族的指、掌纹特征进行了比较。作者认为:(1)黎族的个别掌纹特征表明存在着黎族与某些黑色人种混血的可能性;(2)黎族的四个支系中,(亻考)黎的指、掌纹特征最具有代表性;(3)临高人的指、掌纹特征与汉族类似而与壮族有着较大的差异。     

细菌L型的组织印片法检测

应用组织印片革兰氏、细胞壁染色的方法,检查36例慢性扁桃体炎、15例慢性咽炎组织中的细菌L型。结果表明,组织印片革兰氏染色和细胞壁染色L型菌的检出率相同,阳性率是90.2％,与对照组中同一标本的L型培养和免疫组织化学染色的L型检出率均具有一致性(P>0.05)。上述4种检查方法的L型检出率之间亦无显著性差异(P>0.05)。故我们认为,组织印片法检测细菌L型简便、准确,是L型感染初步筛选的最佳方法,可用于L型感染的快速诊断。     

拉萨郊区藏族的指纹研究

本文报道了拉萨郊区５１７例（男２２６人,女２９１人）藏族健康人的指纹参数正常值、调查分析了指纹类型、指纹组合、指纹指数和指嵴纹计数。比较了藏族不同居群、不同民族和人种间的差异。结果表明,藏族有自己的指纹特点,又显著蒙古人种的一般特征。     

瓶鼻海豚的精液采集训练

作者从1990年10月开始,对四头瓶鼻海豚(Tursiops aduncas)用诱导和奖励的方法进行采精训练,经过2年时间,所有海豚已先后成功地、稳定地获得高质量的精液。     

The Use of Supercomputers and Microcomputers in Computational Chemistry — Job Turnaround Time as a Criterion for the Choice of System

Abstract

The performance of a supercomputer installation (Cray-IS with Amdahl front-end) is compared with a ‘desk-top’ computer (IBM PC-AT with 80287 Numeric Data Processor) using both execution time and total job turnaround time for a set of benchmark programs which includes a Monte Carlo simulation. The effect of compiler efficiency and optimisation for system-specific hardware on execution time are discusssed. We propose the use of ‘turn-around time’ as a criterion for computer system performance, and show that judged by this criterion, ‘desk-top’ computing can provide a significant fraction of the power of a networked supercomputer installation.     

Utility and diagnostic accuracy of fallopian tube touch imprint cytology

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of cytology smears in distinguishing between tube and non-tube structures. METHODS: One hundred cytology smears of fallopian tube and non-tube structures (vessels, round and ovarian ligaments) were prepared from surgically removed uterus and fallopian tube specimens and stained by the Papanicolaou method. The slides were reviewed blindly by pathologists and interpreted as tube or non-tube structures. The results were compared to the histological examination of the same specimens. FINDINGS: Results indicated an overall accuracy of 97% with a specificity of 98% and sensitivity of 96% for cytology smears, taking histology as the gold standard. Positive and negative predictive values were 96.1% and 97.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cytology smears are a convenient and cost effective tool for laboratory confirmation of tubal sterilization. This method can reduce the costs of laboratory examination, especially in developing countries, where tubal sterilizations are done in large cohorts. However, histological slides remain the gold standard in cases of medicolegal problems.