术后早期炎性肠梗阻的诊治体会（附32 例报告）

目的:探讨术后早期炎性肠梗阻的临床特点和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析32例术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者的临床资料和治疗结果。结果:31例患者经保守治疗痊愈,1例手术治疗后痊愈,其中2例复发后再次住院而经非手术治疗治愈,平均住院时间11.8 d。结论:术后早期炎性肠梗阻应以保守治疗为主,通过禁食、经鼻肠梗阻导管胃肠减压、胃肠外营养、生长抑素及激素等的综合应用具有较佳的疗效。     

术后早期炎性肠梗阻的治疗进展

术后早期炎性肠梗阻（early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction，EPISBO）系在腹部手术后早期（术后7～30天）由于腹部手术创伤或腹腔内炎症等原函导媛场壁水肿和渗出而形成的一种机械性与动力性同时存在的枯连性肠梗阻。近年来，EPISBO的治疗研究取得许多成果，现就其治疗概况综述如下。     

110例外科术后早期炎性肠梗阻临床研究

目的: 对外科术后早期炎性肠梗阻的诊治特点和原则进行相关探讨。方法: 分析我院2002年5月-2012年5月期间的110例外科术后早期炎性肠梗阻进行临床资料的分析。结果: 110例患者经过肠胃减压、生长抑素的应用、营养支持和肾上腺皮质激素的应用等治疗手段后都获得痊愈。结论: 术后5-7天比较容易发生早期炎性肠梗阻,多为腹腔内炎症导致的肠粘连引起,可以先实行相关的保守治疗,能获得很好的疗效。     

小儿腹部手术后并发早期炎性肠梗阻的病情观察与护理

我科2005年6月～2011年1月发生术后早期炎性肠梗阻患儿16例,由于病情发现及时,治疗明确,护理措施得当,全部患儿均痊愈出院,现将护理体会介绍如下。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊在术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的应用

目的探究双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻的临床效果。方法收集兰州大学第一医院2014年9月至2016年9月收治的术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者56例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和干预组,每组28例,对照组予以常规治疗,干预组在对照组治疗基础上加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊。收集整理两组患者临床数据并分析比较临床治疗效果。结果两组患者治疗总有效率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预组患者腹胀消失时间、肛门排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间均较对照组短(P0.05);两组患者治疗前后降钙素原下降及淋巴细胞绝对值增加差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),且干预组治疗前后降钙素原降低及淋巴细胞绝对值增加幅度与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊用于术后早期炎性肠梗阻的治疗,可缩短治疗时间,促进肠道免疫功能恢复,且使用安全,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜探查并治疗腹部恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助探查并治疗腹部恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻患者的可行性及安全性。方法:应用腹腔镜技术对我院42例腹部恶性肿瘤术后患者行手术治疗,其中包括良性粘连性肠梗阻14例、肿瘤复发16例、原发性结肠癌1例、恶性肠粘连11例。结果:42例患者均在腹腔镜下明确诊断,其中18例患者在完全腹腔镜下手术治疗,13例患者在腹腔镜辅助下行手术治疗,6例患者腹腔严重粘连中转开腹手术治疗,5例患者腹腔广泛转移行保守治疗。腹腔镜手术时间为35~290min,平均住院日9.2±1.7d。患者术后疼痛较轻、下床活动时间及肠道功能恢复时间短、术后并发症少。结论:恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻患者仍需手术治疗,在严格掌握手术适应症下,应用腹腔镜技术对恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻病人的治疗是安全、可行的。     

左半结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻经内镜介入治疗后再限期手术 的临床应用探讨

目的:探讨左半结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻经内镜介入治疗后再限期行肿瘤根治切除及一期肠吻合术的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析2006年-2011年我院收治的87例左半结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻的临床资料.结果:本组87例中,71例经内镜置入支架或肠梗阻导管介入减压治疗成功并完成了肿瘤根治性切除及一期肠吻合术.16例介入治疗失败行了急诊手术治疗,其中支架或导管置入失败7例,堵塞5例,减压效果差4例,无穿孔、出血并发症,介入治疗有效率81.6％.限期手术后切口感染5例(7.0％);急诊手术后切口感染4例(25.0％);吻合口漏2例(2.8％);无死亡病例发生.结论:左半结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻经内镜介入治疗后,限期行肿瘤根治性切除及一期肠吻合术,可以最大限度降低术后切口感染、吻合口漏机率,值得临床推广应用.     

CPM结合早期康复训练在儿童肘部骨折术后肘关节功能障碍的康复疗效

目的:探讨CPM结合早期康复训练对儿童肘部骨折术后肘关节功能恢复临床疗效。方法:选取我院2015年12月~2017年2月期间骨科收治的儿童肘部骨折患者122例为研究对象,根据患者术后康复模式的不同将其分成了研究组(给予CPM结合早期康复训练)和对照组(给予早期康复训练),每组各61例。对两组患儿治疗前后的肘关节功能评分结果和综合疗效进行观察和比较。结果:(1)治疗后,研究组患儿的各项肘关节功能评分均明显优于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义;(2)治疗后优良率组间比较,研究组高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义。结论:CPM结合早期康复训练能够有效的促进儿童肘部骨折术后肘关节功能恢复,是临床实际中的理想选择之一。     

左半结、直肠癌致肠梗阻40例诊治分析

目的:探讨左半结、直肠癌致肠梗阻的外科手术治疗方法.方法:回顾性分析我院2004年2月～2009年1月间的左半结、直肠癌致肠梗阻的外科手术治疗资料.结果:40例患者中,一期行左半结肠切除31例;肿瘤无法切除行结肠造瘘3例,术后并发症发生率10%(4/40),围手术期死亡率5.00%(2/40).结论:重视左半结、直肠癌致肠梗阻的围手术期处理,选择合理的手术方式是减少并发症的前提.     

中西医保守治疗单纯性粘连性肠梗阻的疗效观察

单纯性粘连性肠梗阻在临床上比较常见,可反复发作.因此,长期以来,对该病的预防、诊断及治疗一直是腹部外科中的棘手问题[1].多数患者有不同程度的肠道功能紊乱,手术分离粘连只能暂时缓解梗阻.作者采用中西医结合方法治疗单纯性粘连性肠梗阻的效果满意,现报告如下.     

阿奇霉素序贯治疗联合麻杏石甘汤加味对痰热闭肺型肺炎支原体肺炎患儿Th17/Treg细胞因子和NLRP3炎症小体通路的影响

摘要 目的：观察阿奇霉素序贯治疗联合麻杏石甘汤加味对痰热闭肺型肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）患儿辅助性T细胞17（Th17）/调节性T细胞（Treg）细胞因子和NOD样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎症小体通路的影响。方法：选择山东省中医院2019年4月~2021年5月期间收治的痰热闭肺型MPP患儿106例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各为53例,对照组患儿接受阿奇霉素序贯治疗,研究组患儿接受阿奇霉素序贯治疗联合麻杏石甘汤加味治疗,对比两组疗效、中医证候积分、Th17/Treg细胞因子和NLRP3炎症小体通路相关指标,记录两组不良反应发生情况。结果：与对照组相比,研究组的临床总有效率明显更高（P<0.05）。两组治疗后次证积分、主证积分、总积分均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后白介素-17A（IL-17A）、白介素-25（IL-25）水平均较治疗前下降,白介素-10（IL-10）、白介素-35（IL-35）水平均较治疗前升高,且研究组的变化程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后NLRP3 mRNA、接头蛋白凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（ASC）mRNA、半胱天冬酶1（caspase-1） mRNA均较治疗前下降,且研究组的下降程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组在治疗期间均未曾出现明显不良反应。结论：阿奇霉素序贯治疗联合麻杏石甘汤加味治疗痰热闭肺型MPP患儿疗效显著,可促进症状改善,作用机制可能与调节Th17/Treg细胞因子和NLRP3炎症小体通路有关。     

右腋下小切口与胸骨正中切口入路手术治疗儿童简单先天性心脏病疗效比较的回顾性研究

摘要 目的：对比右腋下小切口、胸骨正中切口入路手术治疗儿童简单先天性心脏病（CHD）的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2019年4月~2020年12月期间我院收治的简单CHD患儿100例的临床资料。根据不同的手术方法将接受胸骨正中切口入路的48例纳为A组,将接受右腋下小切口入路的52例纳为B组,观察两组患儿手术指标、术后恢复指标、瘢痕情况及术后并发症发生率。结果：两组患儿主动脉阻断、体外循环、手术时间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）,与A组相比,B组的术中失血量较少,组间对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与A组相比,B组住院费用、胸腔引流量均减少,术后辅助通气、监护及住院时间均明显缩短,组间对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。B组血管分布、皮肤色泽、皮肤柔软、皮肤厚度的各维度评分及总分均低于A组（P<0.05）。两组患儿术后并发症发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：右腋下小切口入路手术治疗简单CHD患儿,可获得与胸骨正中切口入路相当的治疗效果,同时还可减少术中出血量,促进患儿术后恢复,改善伤口瘢痕情况。     

平衡超滤技术对小儿先心病术后炎症因子、凝血功能及肺功能的影响

目的:探讨平衡超滤技术对小儿先心病术后炎症因子、凝血功能及肺功能的影响。方法:选择2014年9月至2017年9月我院接诊的100例先天性心脏病患儿进行研究,通过随机数表法分为观察组55例和对照组45例,两组均于体外循环下实施心内直视手术,观察组在体外循环启动后患儿复温时开始平衡超滤,并于体外循环结束后即刻进行改良超滤,对照组仅在体外循环结束后即刻进行改良超滤。比较两组不同时间点炎症因子、凝血功能及肺功能的变化、术后恢复情况及并发症。结果:于体外循环结束后(术后)20 min(T1)、术后2 h(T2)、术后6 h(T3)各时点,观察组血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL)-6、IL-10均明显比对照组低(P<0.05);观察组各时点活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组各时点肺静脉顺应性(Cstat)、氧合指数(OI)在各时点均明显高于对照组,肺泡-动脉氧分压梯度(AaDO2)明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组血管活性药使用时间、呼吸机使用时间和ICU住院时间均明显比对照组短(P<0.05),观察组感染、弥散性血管性凝血、肺功能损伤等发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在改良超滤技术上,联合平衡超滤更有助于减轻小儿先心病术后炎症因子的释放,具有较好的凝血功能、肺功能保护作用,可有效促进术后恢复,减少围术期并发症。     

Congenital aganglionic megacolon

Twenty-one pull-through procedures for congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung's disease) have been performed at the Los Angeles Children's Hospital since the adoption of the etiological concept of a distal aganglionic segment in 1949. In 14 cases the Swenson procedure as modified by Hiatt was employed, with perineal excision of the colon segment. There were four postoperative deaths and three symptomatic recurrences in this group. Three patients were treated by transabdominal resection of colon and rectum with subsequent pull-through reconstruction (Swenson). Anterior resection (State) was carried out in two cases. Three children with recurrence of symptoms following primary operation were subjected to a secondary pull-through procedure with an eventual successful outcome. The major portion of the postoperative mortality (29 per cent) in this group occurred in infants less than six months of age in whom anastomotic disruption or proximal segment infarction occurred after operation.A study of 31 cases of congenital aganglionic megacolon in very young infants drew attention to the difficulty of establishing a diagnosis in this age group even at exploratory laparotomy. Among these infants the mortality rate was excessive, regardless of the form of therapy employed. Colostomy appeared to be the indicated surgical procedure if a conservative regimen failed to control intractable colonic obstruction during the first year of life.     

Malfunctioning postgastrectomy stoma; diagnosis and treatment

Individualization in the treatment of patients with malfunctioning gastrojejunostomy stomas is paramount. Prompt surgical intervention in critically ill patients is necessary to save life. In the early postoperative phase, the use of barium studies is disappointing and very seldom gives information as to the actual site of the obstruction. In surgical treatment, operation directly upon the stoma should be avoided as much as possible. The release of small bowel obstruction, the reduction of intussusception or the correction of retraction of the jejunum through the mesocolon can be accomplished readily. Double or single jejunostomy for feeding and decompression are all that is necessary in cases in which no cause can be found for obstruction at or below the stoma. In a patient with peptic ulcer, the use of enteroenterostomy below the stoma is unphysiological and will predispose to gastrojejunal ulcer at a later date.     

MALFUNCTIONING POSTGASTRECTOMY STOMA—Diagnosis and Treatment

Individualization in the treatment of patients with malfunctioning gastrojejunostomy stomas is paramount. Prompt surgical intervention in critically ill patients is necessary to save life.In the early postoperative phase, the use of barium studies is disappointing and very seldom gives information as to the actual site of the obstruction.In surgical treatment, operation directly upon the stoma should be avoided as much as possible. The release of small bowel obstruction, the reduction of intussusception or the correction of retraction of the jejunum through the mesocolon can be accomplished readily. Double or single jejunostomy for feeding and decompression are all that is necessary in cases in which no cause can be found for obstruction at or below the stoma.In a patient with peptic ulcer, the use of enteroenterostomy below the stoma is unphysiological and will predispose to gastrojejunal ulcer at a later date.     

Clinical and Diagnostic Significance of Enteroclysis Through Nasointestinal Decompression Intubation

To study the clinical and diagnostic significance of enteroclysis through nasointestinal decompression intubation, thirty-five patients with small bowel obstruction were enrolled. A nasointestinal catheter of 300 cm was placed through the nasal cavity then pushed to the upper jejunum under X-ray realtime monitoring. The patients underwent intra-small-intestinal suction therapy reducing or relieving the obstruction after 3 days. As the catheter reached the lesions, we conducted selective imaging. Using fluoroscopy, we injected 20–100 ml meglumine diatrizoate 76 % and 50–200 ml air via the decompression suction port to produce a double-contrast radiography. The catheter was then retrieved to the upper jejunum, and the X-ray of the small intestine was obtained. All 35 patients had successful intubations. The decompression treatment resolved symptoms in 20 cases and alleviated symptoms in 15 cases. Ten cases underwent surgery. The images obtained by infusing meglumine diatrizoate through the decompression catheter were of good quality. Among the 35 cases, six were absent of any distinct abnormal signs on the X-ray, 15 had adhesive ileus, four had small bowel tumor (three metastatic tumor, one small bowel cancer), three had Crohn’s disease, three had radiation enteritis (one of the three was mistaken for small bowel metastatic tumor), two had enteric intussusception, one had a polyp in the small intestine, one had ascending colon cancer. The nasointestinal decompression intubation under X-ray monitoring serves a dual function for patients with intestine obstruction, by decompressing the small bowel and examining the small intestinal radiographically. The X-rays can confirm the obstruction and provide guidelines for surgery.     

关闭盆底腹膜在腹腔镜直肠癌Miles根治术中的意义

目的:探究关闭盆底腹膜在腹腔镜直肠癌Miles根治术中的意义。方法:选取2012年3月至2014年3月我院治疗的拟行腹腔镜直肠癌Miles根治术患者48例,按随机数字法分为观察组和对照组各24例,观察组在腹腔镜Miles根治术后关闭盆底腹膜,而对照组则不关闭。比较两组手术时间、骶前引流总量、切口感染率及肠梗阻发生率。结果:观察组的手术时间较对照组长(t=5.207,P=0.000),但两组的骶前引流总量、切口感染率和肠梗阻发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.210、1.000、0.602)。观察组术后分别有3例(12.50%),对照组有2例(8.33%)患者因肿瘤复发而采取放射治疗,其中仅对照组2例患者出现放射性小肠炎。结论:是否关闭盆底腹膜在腹腔镜直肠癌Miles根治术术后疗效差异不大,但关闭盆底腹膜可有效预防术后放射性治疗中放射性小肠炎的发生。