Purification and identification of antioxidant peptides from walnut (Juglans regia L.) protein hydrolysates

Walnut proteins were hydrolyzed separately using three different proteases to obtain antioxidant peptides. The antioxidant activities of the hydrolysates were measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Among hydrolysates, pepsin hydrolysate obtained by 3 h exhibited the highest antioxidant activities, which could also quench the hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion, exhibit reducing power and inhibit the lipid peroxidation. Then, 3-h pepsin hydrolysates were purified sequentially by ultrafiltration, gel filtration and RP-HPLC. The sequence of the peptide with the highest antioxidative activity was identified to be Ala-Asp-Ala-Phe (423.23 Da) using RP-HPLC-ESI-MS, which was identified for the first time from walnut protein hydrolysates. Last, the inhibition of the peptide on lipid peroxidation was similar with that of reduced glutathione (GSH). These results indicate that the protein hydrolysates and/or its isolated peptides may be effectively used as food additives.     

咸鸭蛋清胃蛋白酶水解产物的抗菌性及抗氧化性

【目的】提高对咸鸭蛋清的综合利用,制备具有生物活性的蛋白水解产物。【方法】采用超滤对咸鸭蛋清进行脱盐及分级,利用胃蛋白酶对不同分子量范围的咸鸭蛋清蛋白组分进行酶解,并对不同组分的水解产物进行体外抑菌试验,测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)、细菌细胞膜完整性及抗氧化活性。【结果】超滤后得到3种不同分子量的组分,组分A (Mw>50 kDa)、组分B (50 kDa>Mw>20 kDa)和组分C (20 kDa>Mw>5 kDa)。其中,组分A和组分B的水解产物对大肠杆菌的生长有抑制作用。2种组分的MIC分别为1 024 μg/mL和2 048 μg/mL,MBC均为2 048 μg/mL。大肠杆菌进入稳定期OD₆₀₀值约为1.15,添加2种水解产物浓度达1×MIC时,OD₆₀₀值降至0.79和0.86,浓度达2×MIC时,OD₆₀₀值降至0.50和0.68。2种水解产物可破坏大肠杆菌细胞膜,达到较好的抑菌效果。而金黄色葡萄球菌对3种水解产物均不敏感,抑菌效果较差。另外,3种水解产物均具有抗氧化活性,它们对DPPH自由基清除能力分别达0.5倍Trolox (水溶性维生素E)、0.67倍Trolox、0.38倍Trolox。【结论】超滤可同时实现咸蛋清脱盐及富集不同目标蛋白的目的。目标蛋白酶解组分具备抗菌活性和抗氧化活性,同时可作为一种营养添加剂,提高了咸鸭蛋清的附加价值和利用率。     

Purification and characterization of chymotrypsin inhibitors from marine turtle egg white

The egg white of marine turtle(Caretta caretta Linn.) contains two chymotrypsin inhibitors and one trypsin inhibitor. The two chymotrypsin inhibitors were purified to homogeneity, as judged by ion-exchange chromatography, Polyacrylamide gel and sodium dodecyl sulphate-gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, immunochemical tests and sedimenttation in the ultracentrifuge. Their sedimentation coefficient values were independent of protein concentration. Their amino acid composition was similar, and contained seven disulphide bonds, and methionine and carbohydrate moiety were absent. Each inhibitor consisted of a single polypeptide chain of 117 amino acids. The average molecular weight of each inhibitor, calculated from sedimentation and diffusion coefficient values, amino acid composition and sodium dodecyl sulphate-gel electrophoresis was 13000. Both the inhibitors were stable over the pH range of 2–11. They inhibited α-chymotrypsin by forming enzymeinhibitor complexes at a molar ratio of unity. The dissociation constant of each complex was 1.06 × 10⁻¹⁰ M. Both the inhibitors were indistinguishable in their physical, chemical and inhibitory properties except for their isoelectric points which were pH 5.23 for inhibitorA and pH 6.0 for inhibitorB. Chemical modification of all amino groups with trinitrobenzene sulphonate had no effect on their inhibitory activity     

Purification and identification of antioxidant peptides from egg white protein hydrolysate

Egg white proteins were hydrolysed separately using five different proteases to obtain antioxidant peptides. The antioxidant activity of egg white protein hydrolysates was influenced by the time of hydrolysis and the type of enzyme. Of the various hydrolysates produced, papain hydrolysate obtained by 3-h hydrolysis (PEWPH) displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. PEWPH could also quench the superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, effectively inhibit lipid peroxidation and exhibit reducing power. Then, PEWPH was purified sequentially by ultrafiltration, gel filtration, RP-HPLC and two fractions with relatively strong antioxidant activity were subsequently subjected to LC-MS/MS for peptide sequence identification. The sequences of the two antioxidant peptides were identified to be Tyr-Leu-Gly-Ala-Lys (551.54?Da) and Gly-Gly-Leu-Glu-Pro-Ile-Asn-Phe-Gln (974.55?Da), and they were identified for the first time from food-derived protein hydrolysates. Last, the two purified peptides were synthesized and they showed 7.48- and 6.02-fold higher DPPH radical scavenging activity compared with the crude PEWPH, respectively. These results indicate that PEWPH and/or its isolated peptides may be useful ingredients in food and nutraceutical applications.     

Purification and evaluation of a novel antioxidant peptide from corn protein hydrolysate

In the present study, corn protein hydrolysate (CPH) with antioxidant activity was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis. Corn gluten meal (CGM) was hydrolyzed using two proteases (Alcalase and Protamex) to produce the antioxidant peptide. Extrusion and starch removal of corn protein were used as pretreatment procedures before proteolysis. Hydrolysis by Alcalase has more remarkable digesting efficiency on corn protein than that by Protamex. Therefore, the hydrolysate catalyzed by Alcalase was fractionated by ultrafiltration, and peptide with the highest antioxidant activity was purified from <6 kDa molecular weight fraction. The amino acid sequence of the novel peptide was Gln-Gln-Pro-Gln-Pro-Trp as identified by a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF2), with molecular weight of 782.34 Da, which was matched to γ-zein f (50–55). The new peptide was further synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase method. It showed scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl free radicals in dose dependent manner with EC₅₀ values of 0.95, 0.0112 and 4.43 mg/mL, respectively. It also exhibited notable reducing power of 0.54 at 2.0 mg/mL, but showed weaker Fe²⁺-chelating capacity with EC₅₀ value of 6.27 mg/mL. These results suggest that the hexapeptide is a potential natural antioxidant that can be used as drug or functional food ingredient.     

低聚木糖分离纯化的研究进展

综述了低聚木糖分离纯化的研究进展。低聚木糖是一种非消化性寡糖 ,能选择性增殖肠道内双歧杆菌 ,可广泛应用于食品工业和饲料工业。低聚木糖的分离纯化技术主要包括层析分离技术 (包括凝胶过滤层析、离子交换层析和吸附层析 )和膜分离技术 (包括超滤、纳滤和反渗透 )。低聚木糖的提纯主要采用膜分离技术和层析分离技术 ,低聚木糖单一组分的分离主要采用凝胶过滤层析和吸附层析     

Antimicrobial peptides derived from goose egg white lysozyme

Peptide fragments possessing antimicrobial activity were obtained by protease digestion of goose egg white lysozyme. Digested peptide purified from RP-HPLC which showed no lysozyme activity exhibited bactericidal activity toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. LC/MS–MS and automated Edman degradation revealed the amino acid sequence to be Thr-Ala-Lys-Pro-Glu-Gly-Leu-Ser-Tyr. This sequence corresponds to amino acid positions 20–28, located at the N-terminal outer part of goose lysozyme. The peptide acted on bacterial membrane as shown by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanism of action could be explained from a helical structure that may be formed by the centered Pro residue and the terminal Lys residue after the peptide attaches to a cell membrane. This is the first study to report that a peptide derived from the protease digests of G-type lysozyme possesses antimicrobial activity with broad spectrum activity. Our result is comparative to the previous reports of Chicken lysozyme and T4 phage lysozyme, which showed antimicrobial activity after digestion with protease. These results might contribute to the usage of antimicrobial peptides engineered by genetic or chemical synthesis.     

Structural analysis and antioxidant activity of the glycoside from Imperial Chrysanthemum

A new glycoside, named as CG-1, was separated from Imperial Chrysanthemum with silica gel column chromatography. The purity was detected by TLC and HPLC. The crystal shape of CG-1 was consisting of a quadrangular and two rectangular pyramids. The analysis of DSC and TGA showed that the melting point of CG-1 crystal was 150.22?°C and had good thermal stability. The monosaccharide conformation analysis showed that it was d-glucose. The structure characteristics were compared by FT-IR, NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS and a molecular structure has been deduced which consistent with spectroscopic results. In vitro antioxidant results suggested that the glycoside extracted from Imperial Chrysanthemum could be effectively employed as natural antioxidant in health or functional food. This work is of significance to keep the antioxidant activity in the processing and application of Imperial Chrysanthemum.     

Purification and characterization of the clotting protein from the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei

The protein responsible for clot formation was isolated from plasma of the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei by affinity chromatography in a heparin–agarose column. The protein, named clotting protein (CP), was found to be a lipoglycoprotein, composed of two 210-kDa subunits covalently bound by disulfide bridges. CP formed large polymers when incubated with hemocyte lysate. Dansylcadaverine can be incorporated into CP by a hemocyte lysate or guinea pig transglutaminase mediated reaction. The amino acid composition and the amino terminal sequence were determined and compared with the clotting protein of the crayfish and the spiny lobster.     

Vasodilator effects of peptides derived from egg white proteins

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of several peptides, identified before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion of an egg white hydrolysate, on the vascular function, in rat aorta. The sequences IVF, RADHPFL and YAEERYPIL (0.1 mM) induced vasodilatation in intact aortic rings, with the maximum percentage of dilation corresponding to RADHPFL (40.5 ± 7.0%). Two of the end products of the gastrointestinal digestion, RADHP and YPI, also showed vasodilator activity with degrees of relaxation higher than 50%. However, all these peptides failed to induce relaxation in endothelium-denuded aortic rings. The relaxation induced by RADHP was concentration-dependent and it was partially blocked by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NAME (100 μM) and by the B₁ bradykinin receptor antagonist Des-HOE 140 (30 nM), thus showing that it was mediated by NO production through the activation of B₁ bradykinin receptors. These findings suggest that these peptides could reduce the vascular resistance and could be used as functional food ingredients in the prevention and treatment of hypertension.     

Purification and characterization of an acidic trypsin/subtilisin inhibitor from tortoise egg white

Egg whites of three species of tortoise and turtle have been compared by gel chromatography for inhibitory activity against proteases. The egg white of Geomda trijuga trijuga Schariggar contains trypsin/subtilisin inhibitor while the egg white of Caretta caretta Linn. contains both trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors. No protease inhibitory activity has been detected in the egg white of Trionyx gangeticus Cuvier. An acidic trypsin/subtilisin inhibitor has been purified to homogeneity from the egg white of tortoise (G. trijuga trijuga). It is a single polypeptide chain of 100 amino acid residues, having a molecular weight of 11 700. It contains six disulphide bonds and is devoid of methionine and carbohydrate moiety. Its isoelectric point is at pH 5.95 and is stable at 100°C for 4 h at neutral pH. The inhibitor inhibits both trypsin and subtilisin by forming enzyme-inhibitor complexes at a molar ratio close to unity. Their dissociation contants are 7.2·10^?9 M for bovine trypsin adn 5.5·10^?7 M for subtilisin. Chemical modification of amino groups with trinitrobenzene sulfonate has reduced its inhibitory activities against both trypsin and subtilisin, but the loss of its trypsin inhibitory activity is faster than of its subtilisin inhibitory activity. It has independent binding sites for inhibition of trypsin and subtilisin.     

鸭β-防御素5基因的分离、鉴定及其生物学作用

为克隆与表达鸭β-防御素5 (AvBD5)基因及测定其生物学特性,采用RT-PCR方法从鸭肺脏组织中扩增到鸭AvBD5,将测得的序列与已发现的禽β-防御素和部分哺乳类动物β-防御素的氨 基酸序列构建进化树进行同源性分析.结果显示鸭AvBD5 cDNA大小为201 bp,编码66个氨基酸残基,内含6个位置保守的半胱...     

一株芽孢杆菌胞外多糖的分离纯化及其抗氧化性测定

基于实验室从新疆罗布泊沙漠筛选到一株芽孢杆菌, 研究了该菌胞外多糖的分离纯化工艺及其抗氧化性质。发酵液经离心, 抽滤等预处理后, 使用Sevag试剂除蛋白, 并以无水乙醇作提取溶剂, 通过正交实验确定最佳提取条件为: pH为7.0, 温度为4°C, 时间为1.5 h, 料液比为1:4。粗多糖溶解后上活性炭柱(1.5 cm ′ 24 cm), 用蒸馏水、60%乙醇及95%乙醇洗脱, 分离得到主要部分, 再经Sephadex G-100凝胶柱, 用0.2 mol/L的NaCl溶液洗脱, 硫酸苯酚法和考马斯亮蓝     

桑氏链霉菌KJ07抗菌蛋白的分离纯化及部分特性

【目的】桑氏链霉菌(Streptomyces sampsonii)KJ07对无性阶段的杨树紫纹羽病菌(Rhizoctonia violacea)有较强的拮抗作用。为研究其抗菌物质,对其发酵液中主要抗菌物质进行分离纯化并明确其部分性质。【方法】采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析、Sephadex G-50分子筛层析等方法进行分离纯化。【结果】获得单一抗菌活性蛋白,分子量约为28.4 k D。该抗菌蛋白抑菌谱较广,能使R.violacea菌丝畸形,菌丝隔膜不明显,细胞壁及胞内原生质开始降解,并产生黑色物质。稳定性试验显示抗菌蛋白最适温度为25°C,最佳p H为6.0,当温度≥60°C时,抑菌活性下降大于20%,当p H4.0或≥8.0时,抑菌活性下降大于12%。其活性还受金属阳离子影响,但对蛋白酶K不敏感。利用自动Edman降解法测得抗菌蛋白N端10个氨基酸序列,但通过NCBI BLAST程序未检索到与其相似性较高的已知抗菌蛋白。【结论】推测该抗菌蛋白可能是一种新的蛋白质。     

Purification and biochemical characterization of antioxidant peptide from horse mackerel (Magalaspis cordyla) viscera protein

In the present study, a peptide having high antioxidant properties was isolated from horse mackerel viscera protein, Magalaspis cordyla. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion was employed to obtain potential protein hydrolysate and was subjected to consecutive chromatographic methods using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) connected to diethyl amino ethyl (DEAE) anion exchange column and Sephadex G-25 gel filtration column. The activity of the fractions was tested against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals and the isolated peptide showed 89.2 and 59.1 percentage of scavenging. The amino acid sequence of purified peptide was determined using ESI-MS/MS as Ala-Cys-Phe-Leu (518.5 Da), it exhibited high activity against polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation than that of natural antioxidant, α-tocopherol.     

Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitory activity of peptides derived from tuna cooking juice hydrolysates

The in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory activity of isolated peptides from of tuna cooking juice hydrolyzed by Protease XXIII (PR) and orientase (OR) was determined. The results showed that the peptide fractions with the molecular weight over 1,422 Da possessed the greatest DPP-IV inhibitory activity. The amino acid sequences of the three peptides isolated from PR and OR hydrolysates were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS, and they were Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Ile-Gly-Pro-Cys-Tyr-Glu (1412.7 Da), Cys-Ala-Tyr-Gln-Trp-Gln-Arg-Pro-Val-Asp-Arg-Ile-Arg (1690.8 Da) and Pro-Ala-Cys-Gly-Gly-Phe-Try-Ile-Ser-Gly-Arg-Pro-Gly (1304.6 Da), while they showed the dose-dependent inhibition effect of DPP-IV with IC(50) values of 116.1, 78.0 and 96.4 μM, respectively. In vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion retained or even improved the DPP-IV inhibitory activities of the three peptides. The results suggest that tuna cooking juice would be a good precursor of DPP-IV inhibitor, and the DPP-IV inhibitory peptides can successfully passed through the digestive tract.     

Purification of Shiga-like toxin 1 by pigeon egg white glycoproteins immobilized on Sepharose gels

The galabiose structure Galalpha1-4Gal is rarely found in natural glycoproteins, but is abundantly present in pigeon egg white proteins as Galalpha(1-4)Galbeta(1-4)GlcNAc termini. Pigeon ovalbumin, ovomucoid, or the whole egg white were immobilized on periodate-oxidized Sepharose CL-6B gels by reductive amination. These gels were found to bind Shiga-like toxin type 1 (SLT-1) specifically and efficiently. SLT-1 was eluted from the gel beads with 0.5 M melibiose, which was more efficient and milder than elution with 4.5 M MgCl(2). SLT-1 was purified to homogeneity from the crude extract of Escherichia coli SLT100 expressing SLT-1 by a single affinity chromatographic step in 83-88% yield. The capacity of the gel was estimated to be ca. 1mg toxin/ml gel. Interestingly, SLT-2 was not bound by these affinity gels containing Galalpha1-4Galbeta1-4GlcNAc termini. Since SLT-2 has been shown to bind to Galalpha1-4Galbeta1-4Glc-terminating compounds, our results suggest that Glc in globotriose moiety is important for binding SLT-2, and replacing the Glc with GlcNAc in this triose renders it ineffective for binding SLT-2.     

高原链带藻抗氧化蛋白分离纯化与结构鉴定

[背景]微藻Desmodesmus sp.QL96从我国西藏地区分离得到,经形态鉴定隶属于链带藻属.前期研究发现,这种链带藻在4℃和25℃下均可生长,在25℃生长时,干细胞中蛋白质含量可高达71.68％(质量分数),而且蛋白粗提物具有一定的抗氧化活力o[目的]分离纯化Desmodesmus sp.QL96细胞中具有抗氧...     

Identification and molecular docking of novel ACE inhibitory peptides from protein hydrolysates of shrimp waste

The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis by Savinase on the interfacial properties and antihypertensive activity of shrimp waste proteins was evaluated. The physicochemical characterization, interfacial tension, and surface characteristics of shrimp waste protein hydrolysates (SWPH) using different enzyme/substrate (E/S) (SWPH₅ (SWPH using E/S = 5), SWPH₁₅ (SWPH using E/S = 15), and SWPH₄₀ (SWPH using E/S = 40)) were also studied. SWPH₅, SWPH₁₅, and SWPH₄₀ had an isoelectric pH around 2.07, 2.17, and 2.54 respectively. SWPH₅ exhibited the lowest interfacial tension (68.96 mN/m) followed by SWPH₁₅ (69.36 mN/m) and SWPH₄₀ (70.29 mN/m). The in vitro ACE inhibitory activity of shrimp waste protein hydrolysates showed that the most active hydrolysate was obtained using an enzyme/substrate of 15 U/mg (SWPH₁₅). SWPH₁₅ had a lower IC₅₀ value (2.17 mg/mL) than that of SWPH₅ and SWPH₄₀ (3.65 and 5.7 mg/mL, respectively). This hydrolysate was then purified and characterized. Fraction F1 separated by Sephadex G25 column which presents the best ACE inhibition activity was then separated by reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography. Four ACE inhibitory peptides were identified and their molecular masses and amino acid sequences were determined using ESI–MS and ESI–MS/MS, respectively. The structures of the most potent peptides were SSSKAKKMP, HGEGGRSTHE, WLGHGGRPDHE, and WRMDIDGDIMISEQEAHQR. The structural modeling of anti‐ACE peptides from shrimp waste through docking simulations results showed that these peptides bound to ACE with high affinity.