重复异位妊娠28例临床分析

目的 :分析重复异位妊娠的发病因素、治疗及结局。方法 :回顾性调查 1995年 1月至 2 0 0 2年12月我院 2 8例重复异位妊娠的诊治 ,分析前次异位妊娠的治疗方法 ,所见盆腔炎情况等与本次重复异位妊娠之间的关系。结果 :重复异位妊娠 2 8例占同期 5 76例异位妊娠中的 4 86 %。首次行患侧输卵管切除术者的重复异位妊娠发生对侧占 93 3% ,而保守性手术及药物保守治疗者重复异位妊娠发生在原患侧占84 6 %。两者间差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :输卵管炎症与保守治疗是重复异位妊娠的高危因素     

Early diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy

During the period from 1995 to 1999, 64 patients were treated for ectopic pregnancy. All patients admitted to the department passed the same procedure including (complete preoperative laboratory findings, Beta HCG, serum progesterone and transvaginal colour Doppler). In patients who had ultrasound finding typical for ectopic pregnancy in combination with positive Beta HCG, conservative treatment was primarily done. In the rest of the patients, Beta HCG was tested every second day and in combination with the clinical and vaginosonographical findings the patients underwent diagnostic or operative laparoscopy. Out of 64 patients 36 had visible ectopic pregnancy when admitted to the clinical department. Three patients had no visible ectopic pregnancy neither at the time of their admission to the department nor at the time of laparoscopy. One of them had cervical pregnancy and the other two had pregnancies in the uterine part of the tube. The patient with cervical pregnancy was treated with metrotrexat (MTX) 12 mg daily in 5 doses. One patient with cornual pregnancy was treated with high doses of oxytocin infusion in combination with MEB intravenously 3 x 1 amp. The other patient with cornual pregnancy underwent laparoscopy with cornual resection and salpingectomy. Four of other tubar pregnancies were treated with metrotrexat 12 mg/day for 5 days. Other ectopic pregnancies were treated as follows: 36 laparoscopic salpingectomies, 10 laparoscopic salpingotomies with ovum expression, 9 adnexectomies by laparotomy, and 2 laparoscopic adnexectomies.     

Female sterilization by Falope ring ligation.

Sterilization with the Falope Ring may be performed by means of laparoscopy of the minilaparotomy. This technique avoids the potential hazards of electrocoagulation, such as intestinal burns. Among the 825 cases reported in this paper there was only one serious complication, an ectopic pregnancy. One other patient had an undetected early pregnancy at the time of sterilization. Two patients became pregnant 4 and 42 month after the procedure. In most cases a diagnostic dilatation and curettage was done before hand. Pathological study of the fallopian tubes of one patient 28 days after the ring was applied revealed complete occlusion of the buckled segment of each tube. Falope Ring sterilization is simple, effective and safe, and the rate of subsequent pregnancy is lower than with conventional burning or clipping techniques.     

Ectopic Pregnancy: A Statistical Review of 360 Cases

In a statistical analysis of 360 cases of ectopic pregnancy admitted to the Montreal General Hospital over a 20-year period ending December 1964, ectopic gestation occurred once in every 83 admissions to the gynecological service. This incidence has remained constant over the years. Only one out of four patients had had more than one child and 30% of the patients had absolute or relative infertility. Diagnosis was delayed or not made in 58 patients. There was evidence that neurogenic factors play a role in the etiology of ectopic gestation. Ten per cent of the patients had had a previous operation for the same condition. Symptomatology is variable and the possibility of ectopic pregnancy must never be overlooked in a woman of child-bearing age. Once the diagnosis is made the treatment is early operation. The morbidity rate in this series was 28% and there was one death.     

子宫特殊部位妊娠18例分析

目的：探讨子宫特殊部位妊娠的临床诊断及处理。方法：回顾性分析2005年7月至2010年12月我院收治的18例子宫特殊部位妊娠患者的临床表现、诊断、处理及预后。结果：宫颈妊娠6例、宫角妊娠6例、残角子宫妊娠2例、子宫剖宫产瘢痕处妊娠4例。宫颈妊娠通过子宫动脉介入栓塞后清宫术治愈;宫角妊娠经MTX保守治疗后在超声或官腔镜引导下清宫术痊愈。残角子宫妊娠均行残角子宫切除术治愈。子宫剖宫产瘢痕处妊娠根据分型分别行超声引导下清宫＋水囊压迫、局部注射MTX保守治疗治愈。结论：子宫特殊部位妊娠病情凶险,临床表现各异,但有其特异性,超声辅助检查有助于早期诊断,MTX、子宫动脉介入栓塞治疗后刮宫是有效治疗手段。     

CONGENITAL SYPHILIS IN CALIFORNIA

Routine serologic tests for syphilis (as required by California law governing prenatal examination) and penicillin therapy during pregnancy for infected mothers have been major factors in the prevention of congenital syphilis in California during the past ten years. In 1940 one of each 822 infants had the disease, as indicated by morbidity reports of congenital syphilis in infants under the age of one year. In 1950 the ratio was one in 8,148. To determine why congenital syphilis continues to occur, a study of the 134 cases reported over a two-year period was made with the cooperation of local health officers and practicing physicians. It showed that in 76 per cent of cases the mother did not consult a physician prior to delivery or reported so late in pregnancy that the infant was born before adequate penicillin therapy could be given. In another 15 per cent syphilis developed in the mother during pregnancy after a negative reaction to a prenatal serologic test. The other 9 per cent of cases were due to various factors, such as infectious relapse or reinfection in previously adequately treated mothers. The study indicated that most cases occur in the lower socioeconomic population groups. Seventy-four per cent of cases were in infants delivered in county hospitals.     

腹腔镜下输卵管妊娠的保守性手术治疗

目的:分析腹腔镜下保守性手术治疗输卵管妊娠的疗效及临床应用价值。方法:对2009年1月～2011年12月就诊于本院妇产科的80例输卵管妊娠患者进行腹腔镜下输卵管开窗术及挤压法清除输卵管妊娠胚胎,患侧输卵管系膜下注射甲氨蝶呤(MTX)50mg及稀释垂体后叶素3IU。结果:80例输卵管妊娠患者腹腔镜下的保守手术均取得成功,均顺利保留了输卵管。无中转开腹的病例,术后未发现有并发症的患者,有2例发生持续性异位妊娠。手术所需时间为(52±14)min,手术过程中出血量(28±16)mL,术后住院天数平均5.5 d。术后输卵管通畅率达88.75%。结论:腹腔镜下行保守手术保留生育功能,手术所需时间短、术中出血量少,术后恢复快。     

米非司酮联合中药保守治疗异位妊娠的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨米非司酮结合中药治疗异位妊娠的临床效果。方法:将临床确诊为未破裂异位妊娠患者,按入院日期的单双日随机分为两组,米非司酮结合中药治疗异位妊娠为观察组(50例),单纯用甲氨蝶呤治疗异位妊娠为对照组(50例)。比较两组治疗成功率、血β-HCG降至正常天数及其影响因素。结果:观察组治疗成功率84%,高于对照组治疗成功率70%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组与对照组比较,血β-HCG降至正常所需的时间明显缩短、包块缩小快,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:米非司酮结合中药治疗异位妊娠疗效高、疗程短、不良反应少,具有推广价值。     

Ectopic pregnancy; early diagnosis,clinical errors and conservative operation

This report of eight years' experience with extrauterine pregnancy by a single gynecologist is an exposition of how the diagnosis was made or why it was missed. Of 26 diagnoses of ectopic pregnancy, five were false (20 per cent); and in three cases (10 per cent) the diagnosis was not made promptly-a total error of 30 per cent. Ectopic pregnancy will be discovered earlier if obstetric patients are always examined shortly after missing the first menstrual period.A palpable adnexal mass was present in 19 of 21 ectopic pregnancies (90 per cent). A mass was palpable in only one of five cases erroneously diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy (20 per cent).Decidual casts were passed by four patients, two of whom did not have ectopic pregnancy. If two gynecologists do not agree on the question of extrauterine pregnancy, a third opinion should be sought or culdoscopy employed. Enucleation of the conceptus and salvage of the oviduct is advocated.     

血清孕酮、beta-HCG及CA125 水平在宫外孕诊断中的临床应用

目的：探讨血清孕酮、人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）及癌抗原125（CA125）水平在宫外孕诊断中的临床应用价值。方法：选择 我院妇产科收治的61 例宫外孕患者作为观察组,同期选择正常早孕孕妇35例作为对照组,检测并对比两组血清孕酮、beta-HCG 48 h 内增长率及CA125 水平,研究三项指标分别检测和联合检测对宫外孕诊断的特异性、敏感性。结果：观察组血清孕酮、beta-HCG 48 h增长率及CA125 检测水平均显著低于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;单独应用时CA125 对于宫外孕具有较高的 特异性,而茁-HCG 48 h 内增长率具有较高的敏感性,三项指标联合检测特异性及敏感性均显著优于单一指标,比较差异具有统 计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：血清孕酮、beta-HCG及CA125 指标水平的分别检测或联合检测,对宫外孕的诊断均有一定的临床价值, 而三项指标的联合检测显著优于单一指标。     

Prostaglandin versus expectant management in early tubal pregnancy.

Since ectopic pregnancy may terminate in spontaneous recovery we compared treatment by means of prostaglandin (PG) application with expectant management in laparoscopically verified tubal gestations. Twelve patients received local and systemic PG, 4 patients were treated with sodium chloride and in 7 patients laparoscopy was discontinued without medical therapy. The comparison between the PG group and the placebo groups revealed a highly significant difference with regard to a subsequent necessary surgical intervention and hospitalisation. Expectant management may only be recommended in very selected cases, whereas PG treatment seems to produce favourable results in cases of early tubal pregnancy.     

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY—Early Diagnosis,Clinical Errors and Conservative Operation

This report of eight years'' experience with extrauterine pregnancy by a single gynecologist is an exposition of how the diagnosis was made or why it was missed.Of 26 diagnoses of ectopic pregnancy, five were false (20 per cent); and in three cases (10 per cent) the diagnosis was not made promptly—a total error of 30 per cent.Ectopic pregnancy will be discovered earlier if obstetric patients are always examined shortly after missing the first menstrual period.A palpable adnexal mass was present in 19 of 21 ectopic pregnancies (90 per cent). A mass was palpable in only one of five cases erroneously diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy (20 per cent).Decidual casts were passed by four patients, two of whom did not have ectopic pregnancy.If two gynecologists do not agree on the question of extrauterine pregnancy, a third opinion should be sought or culdoscopy employed.Enucleation of the conceptus and salvage of the oviduct is advocated.     

输卵管妊娠患者术后重复性异位妊娠情况及其影响因素分析

目的:总结输卵管妊娠患者术后重复性异位妊娠情况,并分析其影响因素。方法:选取2015年1月至2017年1月于我院行输卵管妊娠手术的86例患者作为研究对象,回顾性分析所有患者的临床及随访资料,记录并总结所有患者年龄、孕次、产次、月经史、不孕史、血人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)水平、妊娠部位、手术情况、避孕方式以及疾病史等和术后重复性异位妊娠发生情况,并比较不同特征患者术后重复性异位妊娠的发生率,分析影响输卵管妊娠患者术后重复性异位妊娠情况的影响因素。结果:至随访结束,86例输卵管妊娠手术患者术后出现重复性异位妊娠者22例,发生率为25.58%;年龄越大、孕、产次越多、HCG水平越高、存在不孕史、异位妊娠史、输卵管手术史、盆腔感染史以及开腹手术、双侧输卵管粘连及闭锁和长期放置宫内节育器进行避孕的患者其输卵管妊娠术后重复性异位妊娠发生率均明显较高(P0.05);经多因素Logistic回归模型分析可得存在不孕史、盆腔感染史、异位妊娠史、输卵管手术史、输卵管双侧粘连及闭锁以及开腹手术是输卵管妊娠手术患者术后重复性异位妊娠发生的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:输卵管妊娠患者术后重复性异位妊娠不可忽视,而对于存在不孕史、盆腔感染史、异位妊娠史、输卵管手术史、输卵管双侧粘连及闭锁以及开腹手术的输卵管妊娠手术患者则应及时治疗不孕症,尽可能选择腹腔镜手术来降低患者术后重复性异位妊娠,以此提高患者术后生育能力。     

Examination of curettage material for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

The histological characteristics of curettage material are described which raise the suspicion of ectopic pregnancy. In the period 1966 to 1975, 464 surgically removed pregnant uterine tubes and in 143 patients curettage material was also examined. On the basis of the curettage material, the suspicion of ectopic pregnancy arose in 109 cases (76%). In 34 curettage materials (24%) no histological sign referring to ectopic pregnancy was detected. Thus in three-fourth of cases examination of the endometrial specimen was of diagnostic value and indicated the necessity of surgery.     

Performance et vulgarisation de l’écho-Doppler par couplage sus-pubien et endovaginal dans le diagnostic précoce des grossesses extra-utérines en Côte d’Ivoire

ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological profile of ectopic pregnancies (EP) in Côte d’Ivoire and to show the utility of ultrasound Doppler in the early diagnosis of EP.Patients and methodOur prospective study had been carried out for 24 months (from February 2006 to January 2008). It concerned 32 cases of ectopic pregnancy discovered at the suprapubic or endovaginal ultrasound scan with or without Doppler use.ResultsThe frequency of ectopic pregnancies was estimated at 1.7%. Patients’ mean age was 26.2 years. The personal history was dominated by abortions (32%) and adnexal infections (20%). Most of the patients were nulliparous (52.5%). Requests for ultrasound scans were motivated for most of them by metrorrhagia. The ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed at the ruptured stage in 65.6% of the cases (21 patients) and at the nonruptured stage in 34.4 % of the cases (11 patients). In six cases of nonruptured stage, we used the Doppler. The elementary lesions found were hematosalpinx in 40.6% of the cases, embryonate ectopic gestational sac (31.3%) and nonembryonate ectopic gestational sac (18.7%). In three cases (9.4%), no elementary lesions were found.Conclusionin Côte d’Ivoire, the ectopic pregnancy concerns a very young nulliparous population with abortion and adnexal history. The use of color signal of Doppler added to the endovaginal ultrasound scan, allows establishing the diagnosis at the early stage.     

Blood Cadmium Concentrations in Women with Ectopic Pregnancy

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the blood level of cadmium and the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy. Forty-one (41) case patients with ectopic pregnancy and 41 uncomplicated intrauterine pregnant patients as controls were recruited. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd) were measured from blood samples using atomic absorption spectrometry. The cases and controls were similar in age, body mass index, and smoking habits. The median blood level of Cd was 0.32 μg/l (interquartile range [IQR] 0.00–0.71) in the women with ectopic pregnancies and 0.34 μg/l (IQR 0.09–0.59) in the controls. There was no significant association between blood cadmium levels and ectopic pregnancy.     

子宫特殊部位妊娠18 例分析

目的:探讨子宫特殊部位妊娠的临床诊断及处理。方法:回顾性分析2005年7月至2010年12月我院收治的18例子宫特殊部位妊娠患者的临床表现、诊断、处理及预后。结果:宫颈妊娠6例、宫角妊娠6例、残角子宫妊娠2例、子宫剖宫产瘢痕处妊娠4例。宫颈妊娠通过子宫动脉介入栓塞后清宫术治愈;宫角妊娠经MTX保守治疗后在超声或宫腔镜引导下清宫术痊愈。残角子宫妊娠均行残角子宫切除术治愈。子宫剖宫产瘢痕处妊娠根据分型分别行超声引导下清宫+水囊压迫、局部注射MTX保守治疗治愈。结论:子宫特殊部位妊娠病情凶险,临床表现各异,但有其特异性,超声辅助检查有助于早期诊断,MTX、子宫动脉介入栓塞治疗后刮宫是有效治疗手段。     

Fallopian Tube Surgery for Reversal of Sterilization

Of 16 consecutive cases of previous sterilization treated by tubal surgery fifteen women tested had patent Fallopian tubes. Over 18 months since operation there were four full-term pregnancies and two abortions among 11 patients. At interview with the patient it is important to emphasize that reconstruction of the tubes is a major operation and carries an increased subsequent hazard of ectopic pregnancy.     

超声引导下经阴道细针穿刺注射5-FU治疗宫外孕的疗效观察

目的：探讨超声引导下经阴道应用细针穿刺注射5-FU介入治疗异位妊娠的临床疗效。方法：超声引导下经阴道用18G及22GPTC针对42例未破裂型异位妊娠病灶进行穿刺抽吸囊液后,注射5．氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）及氨甲喋呤（MTX）治疗,进行疗效观察。结果：应用22G细针穿刺,一次性穿刺成功病例21例,成功率100％;穿刺出血病例3例,穿刺后出血发生率14．2％。对照组18G粗针穿刺,分别为15例、71．4％;9例、42．8％;差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。注射5-FU术1周病人血HCG测量值及异位妊娠病灶缩小或消失率达到90．4％、治疗方法有效率为95．2％,对照组注射MTX分别为71．4％、80．9％;差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：超声引导下经阴道22G细针穿刺注射5．Fu治疗未破裂型宫外孕较18G粗针及注射MIX疗效显著,成功率高、副反应少,为临床保守治疗未破裂型异位妊娠穿刺针型号及用药种类的选择提供了一种新的方法,有一定的临床应用价值。     

Place of Culdocentesis in the Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy

In developing countries the high incidence of anaemia and pelvic infection often makes the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy difficult. Culdocentesis has been used in 100 doubtful cases out of 144 consecutive cases of ectopic pregnancy. The preoperative diagnosis was correct in 93 out of the 100 cases. There were three false-negative and four false-positive results; only two unnecessary laparotomies were performed. It is suggested that culdocentesis has an essential place in the early diagnosis of doubtful or atypical ectopic pregnancy. It was simple, safe, and reliable. Owing to earlier diagnosis maternal mortality and morbidity and the duration of stay in hospital have all been reduced.