亚洲疣猴面颅和脑颅的比较研究

对亚洲疣猴123个头骨的面颅和脑颅的14项变量作了分析。讨论了东亚古环境的变迁对亚洲疣猴辐射的影响。据分析结果,似乎获得了几个新结论:1)亚洲疣猴可能还有另一条迁移路线——沿特蒂斯海北岸的西藏南部进入我国横断山区,故它们可能有两个分化或辐射中心,即“Sundaland”和我国的横断山地区;2)Nasalis(2n=48)可能是亚洲疣猴中最原始的一个属;3)Pygathrix与Presbytiscus具有最大的相似性,但前者与Phinopithecus相差甚远;4)Phinopithecus无论面颅和脑颅或是起源都是亚洲疣猴中更为特化的一个属。提出了亚洲疣猴系统发育支序图。     

似哺乳类爬行动物和哺乳类动物脑颅侧壁构造类型的演替

本文对从原始似哺乳爬行动物进化到高级兽类哺乳动物过程中脑颅侧壁所发生的形态演化进行了分析,根据构造上的不同,将这些动物的脑颅侧壁的构造方式划分为四个构造类型,代表四个进化阶段。     

董氏中华盗龙(兽脚类:异特龙超科)脑颅新知:筛区、颅腔解剖和具气腔(英文)

董氏中华盗龙(Sinraptor dongi) 是产自中国西北部新疆侏罗纪石树沟组上部的一种大型兽脚类。其正型标本包括了保存完好的脑颅,这是在最近的化石修理中额外发现的。脑颅中骨化筛骨的横切面为 U 形。在脑颅的解剖方位,蝶筛骨和眶蝶骨之间有一未骨化空间,表明该恐龙存活时具有软骨质的中隔蝶骨。利用乳胶颅腔模型和 CT 扫描技术对颅腔和含气隐窝的形态进行了研究,发现了一些此前未描述过的特点。其中尤为引人注目的是,发育良好的尾鼓室隐窝[一般认为是虚骨龙类(coelurosaurs) 的典型特征]以及基蝶骨隐窝和相关气腔的内部形态。侧鼓室隐窝和基蝶骨隐窝有纵向通道连接,很可能同时具有气腔和血管功能。模型也表明,颅腔没有髓质隆起,小脑绒球隐窝的开孔为沙漏状。若不包含嗅束和嗅球,颅腔容积为 95 ml,脑容商在其他基干坚尾龙类( tetanurans) 的范围内。虽然这些类群的第Ⅱ-Ⅳ对脑神经相对位置各有差异,但前脑、中脑和后脑之间的角度与鲨齿龙类( carcharodontosaurids) [鲨齿龙(Carcharodontosaurus) 及南方巨兽龙(Giganotosaurus) ]相似。第Ⅸ,Ⅹ和Ⅺ对脑神经穿过一个半月形的孔。在异特龙超科( Allosauroidea) 中,中华盗龙(Sinraptor) 在颅腔形态上与鲨齿龙、南方巨兽龙和异特龙( Allosaurus) 的相似程度比它与高棘龙(Acrocanthosaurus) 的相似程度更高。     

江豚头骨的一些特征

本文对江豚头骨的一些特征作了观察,如膨大的颅腔形成,楔状的头骨外形,上颌骨、鼻骨套迭于额骨表面,鼻骨不参与鼻腔的构成,不形成鼻旁窦等;对额嵴、切齿骨后部隆凸的功能,江豚的捕食方式等作了相应讨论。     

四川自贡大山铺中侏罗世蜀龙和峨眉龙长骨骨组织结构的初步研究

通过对四川自贡大山铺恐龙动物群中两种主要蜥脚类恐龙—李氏蜀龙和天府峨眉龙肱骨和尺骨的骨组织结构观察,并与我国晚白垩世的几种恐龙长骨进行对比,结果发现:1)恐龙的长骨都具有快速的后生生长速率;2)恐龙的生长方式属于非限定生长,即在成年后并不停止生长;3)不同类型的恐龙到了成年以后,其骨沉积速率可能有较大差异;4)不同类型的恐龙在长骨的生长改建过程中,骨组织内部的重吸收作用有较大差异;5)生长轮结构在不同部位的骨骼中或在骨骼的生长发育过程中可能也有较大差异。     

褐马鸡的骨骼解剖

褐马鸡的骨骼解剖温江,娄凤玲,刘冰（山西师范大学生物系,临汾０４１００４）褐马鸡和大熊猫、一样被列为我国的一级保护动物,它是我国特有的珍稀濒危鸟类。本文研究的主要内容为褐马鸡的骨骼系统。褐马鸡的骨骼系统,依着生部位分为躯干骨骼、附肢骨骼及带骨、颅骨。...     

鸵鸟骨骼的解剖

鸵鸟骨骼的解剖彭克美邱德新汪定基周和清罗旋（华中农业大学畜牧兽医学院武汉４３００７０）关键词驼鸟骨骼解剖于１９９６年３－４月,采用大体解剖学方法,对２例成年非洲驼鸟（Ｓｔｕｒｔｈｉｏｃａｍｅｌｕｓ）骨骼进行了系统的解剖。观察到以下一些明显的特点。非...     

蜗牛的解剖

以采自新疆大学校园巴蜗牛科Bradybaenidae的一种蜗牛为例,介绍了蜗牛的一般解剖方法,并对蜗牛的内部结构进行了标注和描述。     

巨蜥的循环系统解剖

巨蜥（Ｖａｒａｎｕｓｓａｌｖａｔｏｒ）属蜥蜴亚目巨蜥科。本文报告其循环系统解剖。１材料巨蜥为２♀１♂,平均体重２２３ｋｇ,平均全长１１２ｍ,１９８７年得自广西壮族自治区林业厅野生动物保护站。２结果巨蜥的循环系统包括心脏、血管（动脉、静脉）和淋巴系...     

MORPHOLOGY OF THE CURD OF CAULIFLOWER

Sadik , Sidki . (U. California, Davis.) Morphology of the curd of cauliflower. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(3): 290–297. Illus. 1962.—The development of the curd and inflorescence of cauliflower, Brassica oleracea Linn., var. botrytis D.C., is described. The cultivars ‘Snowball M’ and ‘February-Early-March’ were studied. The curd has a nonfasciated and monopodial type of branching. Curd initiation of ‘Snowball M’ is not dependent on vernalization, but the curd of ‘February-Early-March’ and the floral primordia of both cultivars are initiated only after vernalization. Associated with flowering is the disruption of the curd by the elongation of some of the inflorescence branches. The initiation of leaves, branches, and floral primordia follows a 5 + 8 phyllotaxy throughout all stages of development. This system of phyllotaxy changes at the time of initiation of floral parts.     

THE MORPHOLOGY OF STIGMARIA STELLATA

Stigmaria stellata Goeppert is a lycopod underground system occurring in Upper Mississippian and equivalent age rocks of Europe and North America. This taxon has previously been based on impressions exhibiting radiating ridges and furrows around each lateral appendage scar and numerous polyhedral projections on the remainder of the axis. Anatomically preserved specimens from the Chester Series (Upper Mississippian) of Illinois reveal that the distinctive surface pattern of this species results from polyhedral wedges of thick-walled cells in the outer cortex. Decortication produces a smooth outer surface that is indistinguishable from that of the much more abundant Stigmaria ficoides. The structure of S. stellata is quite similar to the structure of other petrified stigmarians, but the following are some of the anatomical characters that distinguish it: (1) presence of abundant polyhedral wedges of thick-walled cells in the outer cortex; (2) absence of secondary cortex; (3) very tall rays associated with appendage traces that remain confluent with the secondary xylem to its outer margin; (4) the absence of a connective in the lateral appendages. The anatomical characters of Stigmaria stellata confirm it as a taxon of at least specific rank.     

POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF THE LENNOACEAE

Drugg , Warren S. (California Res. Corp., La Habra.) Pollen morphology of the Lennoaceae. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(10): 1027–1032. Illus. 1962.—The family Lennoaceae contains 3 genera: Pholisma, Lennoa, and Ammobroma. The pollen of Pholisma is 4-colporate with less common 3- and 5-colporate grains. Lennoa pollen is 3-colporate with rare 4-colporate examples. All Ammobroma pollen is 3-colporate. Pollen of both Lennoa and Ammobroma exhibits sexine thinning in the mesocolpia with resultant depressions. This feature is lacking in Pholisma. Sculpture is reticulate-simplibaculate on pollen of Lennoa and Pholisma, and reticulate-duplibaculate on pollen of Ammobroma. Pollen morphology supports placement of Lennoaceae in the Polemoniales near the Boraginaceae and Hydrophyllaceae.