四川自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群——简报Ⅲ.蜥脚类

本文记述了中侏罗世蜥脚类一新属种——巴山酋龙(Datousaurus bashanensts gen. et sp. nov.)对李氏蜀龙(Shunosaurus lii)的特征进行了补充,讨论了它们在蜥脚类进化过程中的位置。     

蜥脚类骨质尾锤之发现

自贡大山铺恐龙化石坑中出土的李氏蜀龙(Shunosaurus lii)和天府峨眉龙(Omeisaurustianfuensis)均发现由尾端脊椎愈合膨大而成之纺锤形骨质尾锤。这一特征在蜥脚类中尚属首次记述。骨质尾锤是一种适应陆地生活之特殊构造。它作为一种防御武器,主要起防卫身体的作用。它的存在说明R.T.Bakker提出的蜥脚类是一类营陆地生活的恐龙的观点是正确的。     

四川会理早侏罗世一新的蜥脚类恐龙

记述了四川会理下侏罗统益门组的蜥脚类化石。经研究,将化石归于马门溪龙科,建立新属新种何氏通安龙Tonganosaurus hei gen.et sp.nov.。通安龙具有进步蜥脚类的特点:颈椎细长、荐前椎发育侧凹、前肢较长,为后肢的0.80等;同时,通安龙也具有原始蜥脚类的特点:脊椎骨组织坚实不中空、肱骨和股骨骨干粗而圆。从国内外已有的资料看,原始蜥脚类主要发现于侏罗纪早期,而进步蜥脚类则主要发现于侏罗纪中晚期。由于通安龙兼具原始蜥脚类和进步蜥脚类的特点,且时代为早侏罗世,因此,通安龙化石材料的发现对中国西南地区早期蜥脚类的系统演化研究具有重要的意义。     

蜥脚类恐龙骨骼重建：以巨型汝阳龙为例

<正>我国蜥脚类恐龙的时空分布蜥脚类恐龙是恐龙家族中一个十分重要的类群。广义上的蜥脚类分为原蜥脚类（基干蜥脚型类）和真蜥脚类,而真蜥脚类又可进一步的划分成新蜥脚类和非新蜥脚类真蜥脚类,新蜥脚类可以进一步划分成梁龙超科和大鼻龙类,大鼻龙类则可以划分成非巨龙形类和巨龙形类。     

四川自贡发现罕见的恐龙化石埋藏层

从1979年12月起,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所、自贡市盐业历史博物馆、重庆市博物馆,在四川省石油局川西南汽矿综合队的协助下,在自贡市郊大山铺发掘了一处恐龙化石埋藏层。化石埋藏于一大的砂岩透镜体中,透镜体暴露的长度近40米,宽约12米,厚度最大处达4米。含化石层可分4层,化石密集,保存较完好,这是一个罕见的恐龙化石埋藏体。1972年,该化石产地即由国家地质总局第七普查大队发现,并报告了中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所。1977年进行了试掘,采获一条大型的原始蜥脚类恐龙,该恐龙化石被命名为蜀龙(Shunosaurus),     

亚洲第一龙——马门溪龙

马门溪龙(Mamenchisaurus)是我国特有的一种大型的长颈椎型蜥脚类恐龙.由于这类恐龙具有许多独有的特点,它在中国乃至世界恐龙的研究中占有重要的地位:它是迄今发现的颈椎数最多、脖子最长的恐龙;它是中国个体最大的恐龙;它是中国种类最多、地域分布最广的蜥脚类恐龙;它是中国首次发现皮肤化石的蜥脚类恐龙.     

宁夏恐龙化石新发现挑战传统蜥脚类恐龙演化观点

正中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所徐星团队于7月24号在英国《自然-通讯》上发表了他们有关蜥脚类恐龙演化的最新成果,报告了一种来自中国中侏罗世早期(1.74亿年前)的梁龙类新属种——神奇灵武龙(Lingwulong shenqi),这一发现挑战了关于梁龙类恐龙和其它新蜥脚类恐龙的起源和扩散的传统观点。蜥脚类恐龙是一类植食性恐龙,其中包括地球历史上体型最大的陆地动物。人们一直认为新蜥脚类恐龙——蜥脚类恐龙晚期演化分     

新疆发现亚洲最大的蜥脚类恐龙化石

在新疆准葛尔盆地将军戈壁已发掘出一条完整的食肉龙化石,另一条大型蜥脚类恐龙已挖掘出一部分。科学家们十分肯定地认为,这条蜥脚类恐龙是亚洲乃至世界上发现的最大蜥脚类恐龙之一。同时,在准葛尔盆地五彩湾地区还发现了鸟脚类、兽     

巴山酋龙的颌骨

巴山酋龙 (Datousaurus bashanensis Dong and Tang ,1984)是四川盆地大山铺中侏罗世蜥脚类恐龙 ,亦称大头龙。其主要特征之一为硕壮的头骨。文中对保存于重庆自然博物馆的酋龙上下颌骨新材料进行较详细的记述。保存的前上颌骨长、高 (前端 )、厚分别为 120mm ,125mm和 40mm ;上颌骨长为 280mm ;下颌齿骨高为145mm。估计每侧上、下颌齿数分别为 14和 12枚。牙齿粗大 ,勺状 ,排列紧密。推测头骨长可达 6 7cm ,是已知蜥脚类恐龙中最硕大的。与大山铺同一地点其它蜥脚类相比 ,巴山酋龙的颌骨也不尽相同 ,这为进一步探讨其食性及古环境提供新的线索。     

四川自贡中侏罗世峨眉龙—新种

记述了产自四川自贡大山铺中侏罗世峨眉龙属一新种——焦氏峨眉龙(Omeisaurus jiaoisp.nov.)。新种为大型蜥脚类恐龙,以如下特征区别于其他蜥脚类:前、中部背椎为典型的后凹型,后部背椎为双平型,背椎神经棘呈高大棒状,不分叉;尾椎为弱双凹型,第一尾椎不具扇形尾肋;第一脉弧短小且与第一尾椎关联;锁骨长大;肱骨和股骨细长而圆实;肱骨与股骨长度之比为0.83,尺骨与肱骨长度之比为0.72,胫骨与股骨长度之比为0.63。     

云南兽(三列齿类爬行动物)的耳区结构

本文介绍了以短吻云南兽为代表的一种耳区结构.它表明在三列齿类爬行动物里已经出现有发育的耳蜗壳以及在其内侧通过的颈内动脉等进步性质,听腔亦趋封闭.云南兽的中耳腔外侧出现了一条曲折的骨质外耳道,侧枕骨突外侧明显的沟可能表明方骨后耳膜之存在.     

似哺乳类爬行动物和哺乳类动物脑颅侧壁构造类型的演替

本文对从原始似哺乳爬行动物进化到高级兽类哺乳动物过程中脑颅侧壁所发生的形态演化进行了分析,根据构造上的不同,将这些动物的脑颅侧壁的构造方式划分为四个构造类型,代表四个进化阶段。     

New observations on the skull of Archaeopteryx

Although skeletal remains of the iconic oldest known avialian Archaeopteryx have been known for almost 150 years, several aspects of the cranial anatomy of this taxon have remained enigmatic, mainly because of the strongly flattened and often fractured and incomplete nature of available skull materials. New investigation of the skulls of the recently described, excellently preserved tenth (Thermopolis) and the seventh (Munich) specimens revealed several previously unrecognized characters and helps to resolve some problematic issues. Thus, the nasal of Archaeopteryx shows a lateral notch for the lacrimal, as is found in many other saurischian dinosaurs, the maxilla clearly participates in the margin of the external nares, and there seems to be a pneumatic foramen in the lacrimal, comparable to the lacrimal fenestra found in many non-avian theropods. In the braincase, Archaeopteryx shows pneumatic features reminiscent of non-avian theropods, including a ventral basisphenoid recess and an anterior tympanic recess that is laterally incised into the basisphenoid/prootic. Most importantly, however, the postorbital process of the jugal shows a facet for the suture with the postorbital, thus resolving the question of whether Archaeopteryx had a closed postorbital bar. A new reconstruction of the skull of Archaeopteryx is presented, making the skull of this taxon even more theropod-like than previously recognized. Furthermore, the closed postorbital bar and the configuration of the bones of the skull roof cast serious doubt on claims that an avian-style cranial kinesis was present in this taxon.     

新疆吐谷鲁群天山贫齿鳄的再研究

本文对杨钟健1973年记述的—原鳄类成员——天山贫齿鳄 (Edentosuchus tienshanensis) 进行了修订和补充描述,并依据头骨及脊椎的特征将原订的贫齿鳄科 Edentosuchidae 归人中鳄亚目.文中对这一鳄类的年龄及齿列的功能形态进行了初步的探讨.     

记裂头鳄属(Dibothrosuchus)一新种

本文记述的裂头鳄属-新种 (Dibothrosuchus xingsuensis sp. nov.)的标本采自云南禄丰盆地下禄丰组深红层.通过描述,对裂头鳄属属级特征作了补充.新种的头骨中鳞骨缺失降突;方骨极度向前背方伸展,形成大的耳凹,乌喙骨具后腹突,以及具有鳄类式的腕骨等,表明裂头鳄属应改属为楔形鳄科 (Sphenosuchidae).根据该科各属的头骨中方骨与脑颅侧壁的连接关系,可以清楚地看到楔形鳄科在这局部解剖学上存在一连续的发展过程.在形态上,裂头鳄属和南非的 Sphenosuehus (典型属)最为相近.     

The development of the chondrocranium of the lacertid lizard,Acanthodactylus boskiana

The trabeculae cranii are at first quite separate from each other, after few days their anterior two fifths are connected by a trabecular plate which is obliterated throughout development. The paired origin of the parachordal plate is not observed. The fused posterior orbital cartilages chondrify in the form of a wide short plate, traversed by the oculomotor and trochlear nerves. The basicranial fenestra and fenestra ovalis are formed by the degeneration of pre-existing cartilage. The cochlear portion is completely fused with the parachordal plate from the very beginning. The elements of the pterygoquadrate are fused together. The quadrate and Meckel's cartilage are in close contact from the very beginning. While the lower part of the interorbital septum is derived from the trabecula communis, its upper part is derived from the anterior orbital cartilages. The lateral parts of the fused posterior orbital cartilages give rise to most of the taeniae and pilae of the orbitotemporal region. There is only one commissure between the auditory capsule and parachordal plate. A cartilaginous connection between the distal portion of the columella auris and ceratohyal persists for some time. The parietotectal and paranasal cartilages are fused together from the very beginning. The processus paroticus originates from the columella auris. In the fully formed stage the notochord is completely embedded in the occipital condyle. The union between the condyle and odontoid process persists. The auditory capsules and occipital arches contribute to the formation of the tectum synoticum plus posterius. The prefacial commissure and facial foramen lie in front of the cochlear portion. The columella auris possesses a processus internus (connected with the quadrate), but the processes a dorsalis has completely disappeared. The orbitotemporal region is quite complete. A medial fenestra is formed in the planum supraseptale. A fenestra is observed in each of the interorbital and nasal septa. The lamina transversalis anterior is fused with the parietotectal cartilage. A complete zona annularis is present. The outer wall of the paranasal cartilage is perforated by a large fenestra lateralis. The parietotectal and paranasal cartilages and the posterior process of the lamina transversalis anterior contribute to the formation of the concha nasalis. There is a contact between the planum antorbitale and nasal septum. The pterygoid process has disappeared. The common characters of the lacertid chondrocranuium are deduced.     

四川自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群简报 Ⅰ.剑龙

<正> 蜀龙动物群(Shunosaurus fauna)是新发现的一个恐龙动物群。它主要产于四川盆地的下沙溪庙组和西藏昌都地区的察雅群。目前最具有代表性的一个化石产地是自贡市的大山铺。大山铺恐龙化石的发掘和报道已引起国内外古生物工作者极大兴趣。1981年4月,日本朝日新闻社派记者采访了该化石产地的发掘现场。同年应朝日新闻社之要求,经中国科学院批准将在该化石点采集到的一具完整的剑龙头骨,作为特别展品参加