Expression and characterization of antimicrobial peptide CecropinAD in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris

Hybrid antibacterial peptide CecropinAD (CAD) is a linear cationic peptide that has potent antimicrobial properties without hemolytic activity. To explore a new approach to express the hybrid peptide CAD in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, the cDNA sequence encoding CAD was obtained by recursive PCR (rPCR) and cloned into the vector pPICZα-A. The Sac I-linearized recombinant plasmid pPICZα-CAD was transformed into P. pastoris GS115 by electroporation. Expression of recombinant CAD was induced for 96 h with 1.0% methanol at 28 °C, pH 5.0. The recombinant CAD was purified by two steps of reversed-phase HPLC and 1.8 mg pure active CAD was obtained from 100 ml culture. Tricine-SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that the molecular weight of the purified CAD was 3.8 kDa. Analysis of circular dichroism (CD) revealed that CAD mainly has α-helixes in the presence of 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.2), 50% TFE/water solution (pH 2.0), or 30 mM SDS (pH 10.8). FACScan analysis showed that the antibacterial mechanism of CAD is to act on the cell membrane to disrupt bacterial cell structure. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated that recombinant CAD has a broad spectrum of anti-microbial property against fungi, as well as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but does not have hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. Our results suggest that recombinant antimicrobial peptide CAD may serve as an attractive candidate for the development of therapeutic antimicrobial drugs.     

Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of itaconate

The capability of Corynebacterium glutamicum for glucose-based synthesis of itaconate was explored, which can serve as building block for production of polymers, chemicals, and fuels. C. glutamicum was highly tolerant to itaconate and did not metabolize it. Expression of the Aspergillus terreus CAD1 gene encoding cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CAD) in strain ATCC13032 led to the production of 1.4 mM itaconate in the stationary growth phase. Fusion of CAD with the Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein increased its activity and the itaconate titer more than two-fold. Nitrogen-limited growth conditions boosted CAD activity and itaconate titer about 10-fold to values of 1440 mU mg⁻¹ and 30 mM. Reduction of isocitrate dehydrogenase activity via exchange of the ATG start codon to GTG or TTG resulted in maximal itaconate titers of 60 mM (7.8 g l⁻¹), a molar yield of 0.4 mol mol⁻¹, and a volumetric productivity of 2.1 mmol l⁻¹ h⁻¹.     

Optimal photon energy comparison between digital breast tomosynthesis and mammography: A case study

A comparison, in terms of the optimal energy that maximizes the image quality between digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and digital mammography (DM) was performed in a MAMMOMAT Inspiration system (Siemens) based on amorphous selenium flat panel detector. In this paper we measured the image quality by the signal difference-to-noise ratio (SDNR), and the patient risk by the mean glandular dose (MGD). Using these quantities we compared the optimal voltage that maximizes the image quality both in breast tomosynthesis and standard mammography acquisition mode. The comparison for the two acquisition modes was performed for a W/Rh anode filter combinations by using a 4.5 cm tissue equivalent mammography phantom. Moreover, in order to check if the used equipment was quantum noise limited, the relation of the relative noise with respect to the detector dose was evaluated. Results showed that in the tomosynthesis acquisition mode the optimal voltage is 28 kV, whereas in standard mammography the optimal voltage is 30 kV. The automatic exposure control (AEC) of the system selects 28 kV as optimal voltage both for DBT and DM. Monte Carlo simulations showed a qualitative agreement with the AEC selection system, since an optimal monochromatic energy of 20 keV was found both for DBT and DM. Moreover, the check about the noise showed that the system is not completely quantum noise limited, and this issue could explain the experimental slight difference in terms of optimal voltage between DBT and DM. According to these results, the use of higher voltage settings is not justified for the improvement of the image quality during a DBT examination.     

Is T-wave alternans T-wave amplitude dependent?

The possible dependence of T-wave alternans (TWA) on T-wave amplitude was investigated in 3 orthogonal leads (X, Y, Z) 20-min resting ECG recordings and in the derived vector magnitude (VM) from 176 healthy (H) subjects and 200 coronary-artery-disease (CAD) patients. After application of our adaptive-match-filter based method for parameterization of TWA in terms of its amplitude (TWA_A) and product-magnitude (TWA_PM, defined as the product of TWA_A times TWA duration), and once a TW_A parameter was defined for T-wave amplitude quantification, the existence of intra- and inter-subjects relationships of TWA_A and TWA_PM vs. TW_A was tested. Compared to the H-population, the CAD-population showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase of TWA_A (62 ± 38 μV vs. 54 ± 25 μV) and TWA_PM (4029 ± 2974 beat μV vs. 3107 ± 1976 beat μV) and a significant decrease of TW_A (298 ± 194 μV vs. 467 ± 246 μV). These repolarization changes, however, occurred with no significant intra- or inter-subjects relationships of TWA_A and TWA_PM vs. TW_A. Thus, in our CAD and H populations there was no evidence of TWA dependence on T-wave amplitude.     

The relationship between cancer detection in mammography and image quality measurements

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between image quality measurements and the clinical performance of digital mammographic systems.MethodsMammograms containing subtle malignant non-calcification lesions and simulated malignant calcification clusters were adapted to appear as if acquired by four types of detector. Observers searched for suspicious lesions and gave these a malignancy score. Analysis was undertaken using jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristics weighted figure of merit (FoM). Images of a CDMAM contrast-detail phantom were adapted to appear as if acquired using the same four detectors as the clinical images. The resultant threshold gold thicknesses were compared to the FoMs using a linear regression model and an F-test was used to find if the gradient of the relationship was significantly non-zero.ResultsThe detectors with the best image quality measurement also had the highest FoM values. The gradient of the inverse relationship between FoMs and threshold gold thickness for the 0.25 mm diameter disk was significantly different from zero for calcification clusters (p = 0.027), but not for non-calcification lesions (p = 0.11). Systems performing just above the minimum image quality level set in the European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis resulted in reduced cancer detection rates compared to systems performing at the achievable level.ConclusionsThe clinical effectiveness of mammography for the task of detecting calcification clusters was found to be linked to image quality assessment using the CDMAM phantom. The European Guidelines should be reviewed as the current minimum image quality standards may be too low.     

Évaluation par la TEMP–TDM des lésions classées indéterminées en scintigraphie osseuse chez les patients de cancérologie

The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of the single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in cancer patients and to evaluate its ability to correctly classify indeterminate lesions on planar bone scintigraphy (PBS).MethodsFrom November 2006 to August 2007, all patients with confirmed malignancy, whose PBS showed indeterminate lesions, underwent without delay a SPECT/CT. The study included 120 patients (67 men, 53 women), with a mean age of 69 ± 12 years (range 42–96 years). The patients with obvious metastases, important pains or who did not accept the examination were excluded from the study. The location of the lesions was described either as precise, probable or indeterminate. The lesions were classified either as definitely malignant, definitely benign or indeterminate.ResultsBreast, prostate, lung and kidney neoplasms represented approximately 80% of all cancers. The PBS highlighted 267 lesions of location either as precise (n = 29), probable (n = 129) or indeterminate (n = 109), classified either as definitely malignant (n = 28), definitely benign (n = 27) or indeterminate (n = 212). The SPECT/CT revealed 440 lesions, of location either as precise (n = 353), likely (n = 39) or indeterminate (n = 48), classified either as definitely malignant (n = 84), definitely benign (n = 305) or indeterminate (n = 51). Thoracic and lumbar spine and pelvis were the locations of 79% of the scintigraphic lesions and of 88% of the osseous metastases. SPECT/CT modified the final report of 80 patients, by excluding from metastases (n = 2), by showing metastases (n = 23) and by showing the benign character of indeterminate lesions (n = 55). Moreover, 69 patients out of 120 (> 57%) had an evolution confirmed with 35 true positives, 31 true negatives, one false negative and two patients with indeterminate lesions on SPECT/CT, without osseous metastasis.ConclusionThe assessment of the indeterminate scintigraphic lesions of oncologic patients benefits from the SPECT/CT. The lesion-based analysis showed that the SPECT/CT detected more lesions (+64%) and correctly classified 88% of the detected lesions. The patient-based analysis highlighted that SPECT/CT modified the final report for more than 66% of the patients. The follow-up showed that SPECT/CT correctly classified for more than 95% of the patients.     

Novel triple reuptake inhibitors with low risk of CAD associated liabilities: Design,synthesis and biological activities of 4-[(1S)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-methoxyethyl]piperidine and related compounds

A novel triple reuptake inhibitor with low potential of liabilities associated with cationic amphiphilic drug (CAD) was identified following an analysis of existing drugs. Low molecular weight (MW < ca. 300), low aromatic ring count (number = 1) and reduced lipophilicity (C log P < 3.5) were hypothesized to be key factors to avoid the CAD associated liabilities (CYP2D6 inhibition, hERG inhibition and phospholipidosis). Based on the hypothesis, a series of piperidine compounds was designed with consideration of the common characteristic features of CNS drugs. Optimization of the side chain by adjusting overall lipophilicity suggested that incorporation of a methoxymethyl group could provide compounds with a balance of both potent reuptake inhibition and low liability potential. Compound (S)-3a showed a potent antidepressant-like effect in the mice tail suspension test (MED = 10 mg/kg, p.o.), proportional monoamine transporter occupancies and enhancement of monoamine concentrations in mouse prefrontal cortex.     

Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 gene polymorphism associations with angiographically assessed coronary artery disease in Brazilians

The inflammatory process has been considered an important mediator for the development of atherosclerosis. Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) is a precursor of interleukin-6 (IL6) in the acute phase of inflammatory response and their levels are elevated in patients with coronary artery disease. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the association of IL-1B and IL-6 gene polymorphisms and angiographically assessed coronary artery disease (CAD) in African- and Caucasian-Brazilians. This report analyzed the IL-1B-511C>T and IL-6-174G>C polymorphisms in 667 patients (253 African-Brazilians and 414 Caucasian-Brazilians) who underwent coronary angiography. Patients with a coronary obstructive lesion ⩾50% presented a higher frequency of the IL-1B-511CC genotype (30.4%) compared to lesion-free individuals (16.5%, p = 0.032) in African- but not in Caucasian-Brazilians. No significant genotype frequency difference was identified for the IL-6-174G>C polymorphism in either ethnic groups. However, after correction for other CAD risk factors using multivariate logistic regression, both the IL-1B-511CC [Odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; p = 0.019] and the IL-6-174GG (OR = 2.0; p = 0.028) genotypes were considered independent CAD risk predictors in African-Brazilians. This report shows that the IL-1B-511C>T and IL-6-174G>C polymorphisms were associated with CAD risk in African-Brazilians and no association was detected among Caucasian-Brazilians.     

Application of a method to determine ileal digestibility in broilers of amino acids in wheat

Growing male chickens (Ross) were fed diets of increasing wheat content (250, 500 and 750 g/kg) in which wheat was the only protein source. Other dietary ingredients were: oil (50 g/kg), a vitamin and mineral premix (50 g/kg) and a 50 : 50 mixture of pure maize starch and glucose to make diets up to 1000 g/kg. Titanium dioxide was included at 5 g/kg as an inert marker. Four wheat samples were evaluated: varieties B and H each with a low and high crude protein content (102 and 130, respectively ; 96 and 128 g CP/kg at 880 g DM/kg. Experimental diets were fed ad libitum for 3 days from 18 days of age to birds housed in pairs in cages in a fully randomised design comprising 6 replicates per diet. Samples of ileal digesta were obtained from the birds following slaughter at 21 days of age and analysed for titanium and amino acid content. For each amino acid, the amount of apparently digestible amino acid in the diet was regressed against the dietary wheat content and the linear regression thus derived extrapolated to 1000 and 0 g wheat/kg, allowing the estimation of the apparently digestible amino acid content of the wheat sample and the endogenous loss of amino acids, respectively. Dividing the former by the total amino acid content of the wheat allowed calculation of the coefficient of apparent amino acid digestibility (CAD). Addition of the intercept to the amount of apparently digestible amino acid in the wheat sample and dividing this by the total amount of amino acid in the wheat allowed the determination of the coefficient of true digestibility (CTD). Values for methionine for the four wheat samples ranged between 0.749 to 0.842 (CAD) and 0.719 to 0.892 (CTD), and for lysine from 0.531 to 0.697 (CAD) and 0.510 to 0.793 (CTD). Results revealed that an increase in crude protein in the wheat varieties resulted in a significant increase in apparently digestible amino acid content (P < 0.001), for example, the digestible cystine contents of wheat were 1.54 and 2.22 g/kg for wheat H at the low and high crude protein contents, respectively. Coefficients of digestibility also appeared to increase as the crude protein increased.     

Intégration des critères métaboliques de la TEP au 18FDG pour le choix des lésions cibles en imagerie onco-hématologique

IntroductionMalignant lymphoma is a heterogeneous and widespread disease. The morphological response assessment is currently based on the choice of target lesions at baseline, defined by size criteria on enhanced CT (eCT). FDG PET/CT is now commonly used at staging and the aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of using metabolic criteria rather than size criteria to define the target lesions.Patients and methodsFifty-nine patients with aggressive lymphoma were retrospectively included. Target lesions were chosen by two radiologists on eCT and by two nuclear physicians on PET/CT. Response assessment, based on the sum of the products of the greatest diameters of up to six target lesions chosen either by size or metabolic criteria, was computed and compared to a clinical gold standard (GS) for each patient. Interobserver agreement and comparison to the GS were assessed with kappa (κ) and intraclass correlation (ICC) statistics.ResultsThe spatial distribution of target nodal areas was equivalent among eCT and PET/CT readers with a maximum of target lesions in cervical and mediastinal areas. Choosing with PET/CT led to significant heterogeneity in the size of target lesions when compared with eCT alone (P = 0.03). Interobserver agreement for quantifying the response rate was equivalent in both groups. However, there was a greater correlation to the response of the GS when using PET/CT to target the patient (κ = 0.64 vs. 0.47) and an increased rate of complete responses.ConclusionsMetabolic criteria can replace current size criteria to define target lesions on FDG PET/CT. The morphological response rate appears accurate with an increased rate of complete responses after therapy and a better correlation to the haematological standard of reference.     

High-field MR spectroscopy in the multiparametric MRI evaluation of breast lesions

IntroductionThe aim of this work was to assess the role of 3T-MR spectroscopy (MRS) in the multi-parametric MRI evaluation of breast lesions, using a pattern-recognition based classification method.Methods291 patients (301 lesions, median 2.3 cm³) were enrolled in the study (age 18–85 y, mean 54.2 y). T1-TSE (TR/TE = 400/10 ms) and T2-STIR imaging (TR/TE = 5000/60 ms), dynamic-contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (b = 0–800 s/mm²), and single-voxel MRS (10 × 10 × 10 mm³, PRESS, TR/TE = 3000 ms/135 ms) were performed by means of a 3T scanner. MRS results were accepted if the FWHM of the water peak was ⩽45 Hz. Total choline (tCho) was considered detected if the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the 3.2 ppm peak was ⩾2. A classifier-based analysis (support-vector-machines, SVM) was performed with 4-dimensional vectors including type of margin, DCE-MRI kinetic curve type, ADC mean value, and tCho SNR. A comparison with 3-dimensional vectors (without tCho SNR) was used to assess MRS impact on sensitivity, specificity, and positive-negative predictive values (PPV-NPV) for malignancy.Results228 lesions (180 malignant/48 benign) showed acceptable spectral quality. Comparison of classification results with histopathological examination of surgical specimens showed sensitivity = 93.7%, specificity = 84.9%, PPV = 95.2%, NPV = 81.5% without the inclusion of MRS in the SVM analysis. When MRS was included, the figures increased to 95.1%, 90.7%, 97.2%, and 85.0%, respectively.ConclusionsInclusion of 3T-MRS in the multi-parametric MRI evaluation of breast lesions improved the performance of the SVM-based classifier, showing a possible role of high-field MR spectroscopy in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant breast lesions. Further research is however needed to confirm this initial evidence.     

The effect of providing shredded paper or ropes to piglets in farrowing crates on their behaviour and health and the behaviour and health of their dams

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of providing paper or rope, alternative enriching substrates to straw, to piglets in farrowing crates on piglet and sow welfare.Sixty multiparous sows and their litters were housed in crates that were either barren (BARREN), enriched with shredded paper (PAPER) or natural fibre rope (ROPE). Enriching substrates were introduced when piglets were 10 days old. The proportion of sows with udder and teat lesions before parturition and at weaning was recorded. Piglet facial lesions were scored according to severity on days 11, 18 and 27. Sow and piglet behaviour was recorded using scan sampling on days 14, 18, 22 and 26. Furthermore, the behaviour of one male and one female focal piglet per litter was recorded continuously for 10 min twice per day on days 14, 18, 22 and 26. On day 27 post-partum, focal piglets were observed for 5 min in a novel arena and for a further 5 min after a novel object was introduced.On day 27, there was a tendency for more BARREN sows to have teat lesions (P = 0.07). PAPER litters tended to have a smaller proportion of piglets with facial lesions (P = 0.06). ROPE piglets were active in the enriched area of the crate in more observations than BARREN and PAPER piglets (P < 0.01). PAPER piglets spent less time inactive (P < 0.01), less time exploring the pen-fittings (P < 0.01) and more time interacting with the enriching substrate (P < 0.001) than piglets in the other two treatments. In the first 5 min in the novel arena BARREN piglets froze more than PAPER and ROPE piglets (P = 0.05).In conclusion, shredded paper improved piglet welfare and was easily incorporated into the farrowing crates.     

Optimization of 18F-Choline PET/CT acquisition in prostate cancer: Preliminary results concerning the length of the acquisition

ObjectiveFCH-PET/CT protocol for prostate cancer assessment consists of an early and late acquisition. Concerning the early acquisition, this study compares contrast-to-noise ratio of tumoral lesions between 5 and 10 minutes post-injection in order to shorten the time of this early acquisition.Materials and methodsPatients with proven prostate cancer referred for initial staging or recurrence were prospectively included. Patients underwent 10 minutes of pelvic dynamic acquisition for the early phase and late phase was performed at 60 minutes post-injection. Contrast-to-noise of lesions at 5 and 10 min post-injection were compared.ResultsForty-nine patients with 77 lesions were analyzed. No significant difference of prostatic lesions contrast-to-noise ratio was found between 5 min and 10 min post-injection (median contrast-to-noise ratio was respectively 38 and 42, P = 0.128).ConclusionThese results could have an impact on clinical practice with FCH-PET/CT early acquisition shortened to 5 min post-injection for patients with prostate cancer.     

Fast protocol for radiochromic film dosimetry using a cloud computing web application

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of a fast protocol for radiochromic film dosimetry to verify intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans.Method and materialsEBT3 film dosimetry was conducted in this study using the triple-channel method implemented in the cloud computing application (Radiochromic.com). We described a fast protocol for radiochromic film dosimetry to obtain measurement results within 1 h.Ten IMRT plans were delivered to evaluate the feasibility of the fast protocol. The dose distribution of the verification film was derived at 15, 30, 45 min using the fast protocol and also at 24 h after completing the irradiation. The four dose maps obtained per plan were compared using global and local gamma index (5%/3 mm) with the calculated one by the treatment planning system. Gamma passing rates obtained for 15, 30 and 45 min post-exposure were compared with those obtained after 24 h.ResultsSmall differences respect to the 24 h protocol were found in the gamma passing rates obtained for films digitized at 15 min (global: 99.6% ± 0.9% vs. 99.7% ± 0.5%; local: 96.3% ± 3.4% vs. 96.3% ± 3.8%), at 30 min (global: 99.5% ± 0.9% vs. 99.7% ± 0.5%; local: 96.5% ± 3.2% vs. 96.3 ± 3.8%) and at 45 min (global: 99.2% ± 1.5% vs. 99.7% ± 0.5%; local: 96.1% ± 3.8% vs. 96.3 ± 3.8%).ConclusionsThe fast protocol permits dosimetric results within 1 h when IMRT plans are verified, with similar results as those reported by the standard 24 h protocol.     

A new measure of trip risk integrating minimum foot clearance and dynamic stability across the swing phase of gait

Minimum toe clearance (MTC) is thought to quantify the risk of the toe contacting the ground during the swing phase of gait and initiating a trip, but there are methodological issues with this measure and the risk of trip-related falls has been shown to also be associated with gait speed and dynamic stability. This paper proposes and evaluates a new measure, trip risk integral (TRI), that circumvents many issues with MTC as typically calculated at a single point by considering minimum foot clearance across the entire swing phase and taking into account dynamic stability to estimate risk of falling due to a trip rather than risk of the foot contacting the floor. Shoes and floor surfaces were digitized and MTC and TRI calculated for unimpaired younger (N = 14, age = 26 ± 5), unimpaired older (N = 14, age = 73 ± 7), and older adults who had recently fallen (N = 11, age = 72 ± 5) walking on surfaces with no obstacles, visible obstacles, and hidden obstacles at slow, preferred, and fast gait speeds. MTC and TRI had significant (F ≥ 5, p ≤ 0.005) but differing effects of gait speed and floor surface. As gait speed increased (which increases risk of trip-related falls) MTC indicated less and TRI greater risk, indicating that TRI better quantifies risk of falling due to a trip. While MTC and TRI did not differ by subject group, strong speed-related effects of TRI (F ≥ 8, p ≤ 0.0007) resulted in improved TRI for fallers due to their slower self-selected preferred gait. This demonstrates that slower gait is both an important covariate and potential intervention for trip-related falls.     

Dynamic simulation and Doppler Ultrasonography validation of blood flow behavior in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Criteria for rupture prediction of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) are based only on the diameter of AAA. This method does not consider complex hemodynamic forces exerted on AAA wall. The methodology used in our study combines Computer-Aided Design (CAD) with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Three-dimensional vascular structures reconstructions were based on Computed Tomography (CT) images and CAD. CFD theory was used for mathematical modeling and simulations. In this way, dynamic behavior of blood flow in bounded three-dimensional space was described. Doppler Ultrasonography (US) was used for model results validation. All simulations were based on medical investigation of 4 patients (male older than 65 years) with diagnosed AAA. Good correspondence between computed velocities in AAA and measured values with Doppler US (Patient 1 0.60 m·s⁻¹ versus 0.61 m·s⁻¹, Patient 2 0.80 m·s⁻¹ versus 0.80 m·s⁻¹, Patient 3 0.75 m·s⁻¹ versus 0.78 m·s⁻¹, Patient 4 0.50 m·s⁻¹ versus 0.49 m·s⁻¹) was noticed. The good agreement between measured and simulated velocities validates our methodology and the other data available from simulations (eg. von Misses stress) could be used to provide useful information about the possibility of AAA rupture.     

Combined efficacy of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek and Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson on serum lipids in albino rats

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a major killer disease throughout the world. Dyslipidemia is a major contributor to the risk of CAD. Several dietary articles traditionally used in India and other South Asian countries reduced dyslipidemia. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the combined effect of Mung bean (Vigna radiata) and Elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) on serum lipids and atherogenic indices in albino rats and to compare it with a standard drug Cholestyramine. Thirty healthy albino rats of both sexes (150–200 g) were randomized to 5 groups of 6 animals each. The grouping were done based on the following criteria: Group I: Normal Control Group, Group II: (Standard Group): Cholestyramine resin 5 mg/kg bw, Group III: (Half Dose Group): Drug powder at 540 mg/kg bw, Group IV: (Effective Dose Group): Drug powder at 1080 mg/kg bw, and Group V: (Double Dose Group): Drug powder at 2160 mg/kg bw. Lipid profile was estimated at the beginning and after 30 days of treatment. The Effective and Double doses of the drug reduced Total cholesterol along with levels of Triglycerides, Low density lipoprotein and Very low density lipoprotein levels significantly (p < 0.01) along with a significant (p < 0.01) increase in high density lipoproteins (HDL) in rats. There was also significant (p < 0.01) improvement in atherogenic indices like Castelli Risk Index I, Non HDL C/HDL, Castelli risk Index II, TG/HDL, Atherogenic coefficient and Atherogenic Index of Plasma. The combination of powdered sprouted mung bean and yam powder have excellent lipid lowering potential.