Placental alkaline phosphatase polymorphism in some Italian populations

Summary Gene frequencies of Pl alleles for alkaline phosphatase of human placenta have been studied in the populations of Rome and L'Aquila. The latter represents a mixed sample of descendants from ancient Italic populations which in the last 20 centuries have been free from significant immigratory influx.The Pl gene frequencies in the two Italian populations are significantly different, the Pl ^s ₁ frequency being lower and Pl ^f ₁ frequency higher in the population of L'Aquila as compared to the population of Rome. The gene frequency of the 3 common Pl alleles in the population of Rome are quite similar to that found in some Northern-European populations. The frequency of the Pl ^s ₁ allele observed in the population of L'Aquila is the lowest (and correspondingly that for Pl ^f ₁ allele is the highest) amongst all populations studied so far.     

Placental alkaline phosphatase polymorphism in northern Greece

The placental alkaline phosphatase (Aph) polymorphism was studied in Northern Greece. A new rare placental Aph variant was described.     

Placental alkaline phosphatase types in Germany

Summary Two children with autosomal deletion (46,XY,del(12)(p11) and 46,XY/46,XY, del(5)(p13)) and normal phenotype were found among 5049 consecutive newborn children. The mother of the proband with deletion short arm 5 had the karyotype 46,XX,9qh+, but the parents had otherwise normal chromosome constitution.

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Zusammenfassung Zwei Kinder mit autosomaler Deletion (46,XY,del(12)(p11) und 46,XY/46,XY,del(5)(p13)) bei normalem Phänotyp wurden unter 5049 auslesefrei gewonnenen Neugeborenen entdeckt. Die Mutter des Probanden mit der Deletion am kurzen Arm von Nr. 5 hatte den Karyotyp 46,XX,9qh+; sonst hatten die Eltern normale Chromosomen.

     

Acid phosphatase polymorphism in some endogamous populations of Andhra Pradesh

The distribution of acid phosphatase (ACP) phenotypes in six endogamous Brahmin sub-sects and in the Vysya, Mala and Madiga castes of Andhra Pradesh, India, were investigated. The ACP A gene frequency ranged from 0.167 to 0.254. The ACP C allele was observed in three Brahmin sub-sects.     

Serum alkaline phosphatase polymorphism in pigs

Genetic variants of serum alkaline phosphatase were studied by the method of starch gel electrophoresis in the Z?otnicka Pstra breed of pigs. Two regions of alkaline phosphatase migration were observed. A single fraction in region I and four different phenotypes: AB, B, BC and BD in region II, were found. For AB, B and BC phenotypes the genetic control by three alleles AkpA, AkpB and AkpC is suggested. The observed segregation ratios in some cases deviated significantly from the expected ones.     

Serum alkaline phosphatase polymorphism in pigs1

Genetic variants of serum alkaline phosphatase were studied by the method of starch gel electrophoresis in the Zlotnicka Pstra breed of pigs. Two regions of alkaline phosphatase migration were observed. A single fraction in region I and four different phenotypes: AB, B, BC and BD in region II, were found. For AB, B and BC phenotypes the genetic control by three alleles AkpA, AkpB and AkpC in suggested. The observed segregation ratios in some cases deviated significantly from the expected ones.     

Placental enzyme polymorphisms in Canadian populations. III. Alkaline phosphatase

Placental alkaline phosphatase phenotypes have been determined for a large Canadian population. The 'common' alleles, PL1, PL2, and PL3 have frequencies similar to those of European populations. Five new phenotypes are described and the incidence of rare phenotypes is compared for several populations.     

Placental alkaline phosphatase is efficiently targeted to rafts in supported lipid bilayers

Evidence is growing that biological membranes contain lipid microdomains or "rafts" that may be involved in processes such as cellular signaling and protein trafficking. In this study, we have used atomic force microscopy to examine the behavior of rafts in supported lipid bilayers. We show that bilayers composed of equimolar dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin spontaneously form rafts, which are detectable as raised features. A comparison of the extents of protrusion of the rafts in monolayers and bilayers indicates that the rafts in the two leaflets of the bilayer coincide. The rafts were observed both in the absence and presence of cholesterol (33 mol %). Cholesterol reduced raft protrusion presumably by increasing the thickness of the non-raft bilayer. PLAP (glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein placental alkaline phosphatase) was purified and shown to exist as a dimer. Following its incorporation into supported lipid bilayers, PLAP was found to be targeted efficiently to rafts, both in the absence and presence of cholesterol. We suggest that atomic force microscopy provides a powerful tool for the study of raft structure and properties.     

DNA polymorphism of alkaline phosphatase isozyme genes: linkage disequilibria between placental and germ-cell alkaline phosphatase alleles.

The use of human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) cDNA as a probe allows the detection and identification of restriction DNA fragments derived from three homologous genes, i.e., intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AP), germ-cell AP (GCAP), and PLAP. In previous RFLP studies we have reported linkage disequilibria between an RsaI and two PstI (a and b) polymorphic restriction sites and electrophoretic types of PLAP. In this report we present evidence that, in spite of the strong correlation with PLAP types, PstI(b) is an RFLP of GCAP. The data indicate close linkage between the PLAP and GCAP loci.     

Placental alkaline phosphatase, a GPI-anchored protein, is clustered in clathrin-coated vesicles.

Pure clathrin-coated vesicles were prepared from a fresh human placenta. The analysis of their content revealed the presence of transferrin, low density lipoproteins, IgG and placental alkaline phosphatase. Since the latter is a membrane protein anchored by a glycan-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) moiety, its presence in coated vesicles was unexpected. Placental alkaline phosphatase is neither adsorbed to the surface of the vesicles, nor appearing due to plasma membrane contaminants, but is located in the lumen of the vesicles. The presence of alkaline phosphatase in coated vesicles strengthens its postulated physiological role in the transcytosis of IgG molecules in placenta.     

C3 polymorphism in some Indian populations.

The distribution of C'3 phenotypes was studied in one tribal and three urban populations from India. The C'3F gene was found low in frequency compared to European and West Asian populations. Quantitatively also, the concentration of the C3 component in the Indian region was found significantly low to the European and West Asian populations reported previously.     

Placental alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme expression by the non-HeLa DoT cervical-carcinoma cell line.

Strain E of chloridazon-degrading bacteria, when grown on L-phenylalanine accumulates cis-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyphenylalanine. In experiments with resting cells and during growth the bacterium converts the aromatic carboxylic acids phenylacetate, phenylpropionate, phenylbutyrate and phenyl-lactate into the corresponding cis-2,3-dihydrodiol compounds. The amino acids L-phenylalanine, N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine and t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine were also transformed into dihydrodiols. All seven dihydrodiols, thus obtained, were characterized both by conventional analytical techniques and by the ability to serve as substrates for a cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase.