Kinetoplast DNA from plant trypanosomatids responsible for the Hartrot disease in coconut trees

Summary— Phytomonas parasites were isolated from crude sap of coconut trees affected with Hartrot disease in French Guyana (Hart 1 and Hart 2) and Brazil (Hart 3) and cultured in vitro. Two Phytomonas isolates obtained from weeds belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family and growing in an infected coconut tree plantation were also cultured (E hys and E hir). The kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) was purified and incubated with topoisomerase II which decatenates the huge network into free minicircles of 1.6 kilobase (kb) pair for Hart 1, Hart 2 and Hart 3 and 1.3 kb for E hys and E hir. Restriction endonuclease analysis showed that more than 90% of Hart 1 and Hart 2 minicircle content was homogeneous in base sequence while minicircles from Hart 3, E hys and E hir were heterogeneous. Minicircles exhibited restriction cleavage patterns characteristic of each Phytomonas isolate allowing their identification, except for the major class of Hart I and Hart 2 minicircles whose restriction maps were identical. Cross-hybridization experiments were performed by Southern blot. A high sequence homology was found between minicircies from Hart 1, Hart 2 and Hart 3 on one hand and those from E hys and E hir on the other. In contrast, minicircles from the Hartrot Phytomonas and those from the two Euphorbiaceae Phytomonas present little sequence homology. These data showed that minicircles from Phytomonas infecting coconut trees displayed biochemical properties different from those of other Phytomonas. This could lead to the elaboration of new molecular tools aimed to help to epidemiological studies, to an early diagnosis and to a better control of the disease.     

A Stó:lo—Coast Salish Historical Atlas

Stó:lo—Coast Salish Historical Atlas. Keith Carlson. ed. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001. 208 pp.     

Last Rites for the Tipu Maya: Genetic Structuring in a Colonial Cemetery

Last Rites for the Tipu Maya: Genetic Structuring in. Colonial Cemetery. Keith P. Jacobi. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2000. 400 pp.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
HOW TO DRAW PLANTS, THE TECHNIQUES OF BOTANICAL ILLUSTRATION. Keith West
THREE GARDENS. Graham Stuart Thomas     

One the genus Tocama Reitter (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae), with descriptions of two new species from Indochina

Two new species of the Oriental scarab genus Tocama Reitter, 1902, Tocama laosensissp. n. and Tocama procerasp. n., are described from Indochina with diagnoses, distributions, remarks and illustrations. A key to the species of the genus is provided with a checklist with several nomenclatural changes: Hoplosternus tonkinensis Moser, 1913 is transferred to Tocama; Hoplosternus pygidialis Moser, 1915 syn. n., Tocama atra atra Keith, 2006 syn. n. and Tocama atra reichenbachi Keith, 2007 syn. n. = Tocama tonkinensis (Moser).     

Unity of Heart: Culture and Change in a Polynesian Atoll Society

Unity of Heart: Culture and Change in. Polynesian Atoll Society. Keith Chambers and Anne Chambers. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 2001. xx. 283 pp.     

The Nation's Tortured Body: Violence, Representation and the Formation of a Sikh "Diaspora."

The Nation's Tortured Body: Violence, Representation and the Formation of. Sikh "Diaspora." Brian Keith Axel. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001. 297 pp.     

From Positivism to Interpretivism and Beyond: Tales of Transformation in Educational and Social Research

From Positivism to Interpretivism and Beyond: Tales of Transformation in Educational and Social Research. Louis Heshusius and Keith Ballard, eds. New York: Teachers College Press, 1996. 197 pp.     

Photographs Objects Histories: On the Materiality of Images

Photographs Objects Histories: On the Materiality of Images . Elizabeth Edwards and Janice Hart, eds. London: Routledge Press, 2004. 222 pp.     

Senses of Place

Senses of Place. Steven Feld and Keith H. Basso. eds. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 1996. 293 pp.     

Disciplinary Anthropology? Amateur Ethnography and the Production of ‘Heritage’ in Rural France

‘Amateur’ anthropology and ethnography are utopian categories proposed by anthropologists seeking to critique a perceived culture of ‘professionalism’ within the discipline (Grimshaw &; Hart, 1993 Grimshaw, Anna and Hart, Keith. 1993. Anthropology and the Crisis of the Intellectuals, Cambridge: Prickly Pear Pamphlet No.1.  [Google Scholar]). Yet they have arguably been practised extensively by local intellectuals oblivious to such debates. In rural Europe, this has often involved ‘pastoral’ conservation of ‘local history’, ‘traditions’ and ‘folk customs’, in the context of identity politics. Recent manifestations, however, have enabled the disciplining of cultural practices of indigenous populations by local entrepreneurs for use in heritage tourism. Building on Foucault's concept of a ‘disciplinary programme’, this paper analyses projects from a French Mediterranean village that have ‘borrowed’ discursive forms from French ethnology and historiography to convert local heritages into disciplined archives and booklets, predominantly for use in tourism. It then analyses their approximation to the discipline of anthropology; assesses their problematic distinction from anthropology's own disciplinary programmes; and explores the implications.     

Book Reviews: Keith Thomson, Before Darwin: Reconciling God and Nature (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005), xiv + 314 pp., illus., $27.00.

Book Review

Book Reviews: Keith Thomson, Before Darwin: Reconciling God and Nature (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005), xiv + 314 pp., illus., $27.00.     

On the Irrelevance of the Segmentary Lineage Model in the Moroccan Rif

In attempting to analyze the precolonial Moroccan Rif in terms of the segmentary lineage model, David Hart overlooked the fact that violence in this region typically involved brothers and the sons of brothers in competition for inherited land, which was a commodity controlled by individuals, not lineages. What Hart depicted as a segmentary lineage system was actually a network of factions that cut across genealogical lines. Moreover, the political impact of the Moroccan state on the precolonial Rif was far more important than Hart suggested.     

The Archaeology of Disease, 2nd and Palaeopathology of Aboriginal Australians:Health and Disease across a Hunter-Gatherer Continent

The Archaeology of Disease, 2nd. ed. Charlotte Roberts and Keith Manchester. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995 (cloth), x + 243 pp.
Palaeopathology of Aboriginal Australians: Health and Disease across a Hunter-Gatherer Continent. Stephen Webb. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995 (cloth), xii + 324 pp.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
ETHNOLOGY: Being a Palauan . H. G. Barnett
ETHNOLOGY: Bunyaro: An African Kingdom . John Beattie
ETHNOLOGY: The Tiwi of North Australia . C. W. M. Hart and Arnold R. Pilling
ETHNOLOGY: The Cheyennes: Indians of the Great Plains . E. Adamson Hoebel
ETHNOLOGY: Tepoztlán: Village in Mexico . Oscar Lewis     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
PACIFIC FISHES OF CANADA by John L. Hart.
TROUT FARMING HANDBOOK by S. Drummond Sedgwick.
ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY OF MARINE ANIMALS by Winona B. Vernberg and F. John Vernberg.     

Understanding Mathematics

Keith Gregson Nottingham University Press ISBN: 1904761542 £19.50 122pp Reviewed by John Heritage

Working with DNA Stan Metzenberg Garland Science ISBN: 9780415374644 £30.00 414pp Reviewed by Olivier Sparagano

Henderson's Dictionary of Biology 13th Edition Eleanor Lawrence Pearson ISBN: 9780131273849 £14.99 760 pp Reviewed by Sarah Durant     

The paraflagellar rod of kinetoplastida: solved and unsolved questions

The flagellum of almost every member of the Kinetoplastida contains, next to its canonical 'nine-plus-two' axoneme, structure, a unique, complex and highly organized lattice-like structure called the paraflagellar rod or paraxial rod. Here, Philippe Bastin, Keith Matthews and Keith Gull summarize the latest findings on its structure, the nature of its protein components and their corresponding genes. They also consider the possible functions of this intriguing organelle.     

Book Review

Book reviewed in this article: RATS . By Martin Hart. Allison & Busby AN ATLAS OF YORKSHIRE MAMMALS . By C. A. Howes. ATLAS OF THE MAMMALS, REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF LINCOLNSHIRE AND SOUTH HUMBERSIDE . By M. Johnson.     

Cycles within cycles: the interplay between differentiation and cell division in Trypanosoma brucei

The life cycle o f the African trypanosome is divided between the mammal and the tsetse. Those life cycle stages which traverse between these two hosts appear to be pre-adopted for survival in their new habitat They are also non-dividing. Here, Keith Matthews and Keith Gull discuss how and why trypanosomes might enmesh the control o f their cell cycle with their regulation o f the transition between different life cycle forms.