春兰根状茎离体培养与快速繁殖(简报)

以当年春兰的根状茎为材料进行离体快速繁殖体系研究。结果表明：（1）根状茎的诱导最佳培养基为1/2MS＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L(单位下同)＋NAA 0.5＋花宝1号1 g/L＋花宝2号2 g/L;（2）根状茎继代增殖培养基为1/2MS＋6-BA 0.5＋NAA 0.01＋花宝1号1 g/L＋椰子100 g/L＋活性碳(AC) 1 g/L,50 d为一继代周期,增殖系数达30～50倍;（3）根状茎壮苗生根培养基为1/2 MS＋IBA 1.5＋AC 1 g/L,培养50 d后生根率达95%。将生根苗移栽入小颗粒兰石中,盖膜保湿,成活率95%。     

Organic Nutrients in the Media for Propagation of Cymbidium in vitro

Protocorms of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) were grown on media containing different organic nutrients. Of the sugars tested sucrose was better than maltose, glucose and fructose, and sucrose had an optimum concentration of 3 to 4 %. D-Mannose was significantly less effective than the other sugars. The amino acid mixtures casamino acids (casein hydrolysate) and tryptone increased growth while yeast extract was inhibitory and malt extract without effect. Optimal concentrations were 2 to 3 g · l^-1 casamino acids and 3 to 4 g · l^-1 tryptone. It was to some extent possible to substitute the amino acid mixtures with a single amino acid (glutamine at 300 mg · l^-1). Arginine was inhibitory and asparagine was without any effect. Vitamins proved to be unnecessary although there was a tendency towards increased growth with nicotinic acid and meso-inositol. Purines and pyrimidines were added to the medium but with no effect. Liquid endosperm from coconuts (10 to 15%) increased growth while the liquid endosperm from Aesculus hippocastanum was inhibitory. On the basis of these results a revised medium is proposed for the in vitro propagation of Cymbidium.     

寒兰的快速繁殖技术

以寒兰(CymbidiumkanranMakino)根状茎为外植体,采用B5基本培养基,并附加不同浓度的6-BA、NAA、TDZ(苯基噻二唑基脲-thidiazuron)和S-3307(优康唑-uniconazole),对类原球茎的诱导、继代增殖、分化、生根等进行研究。结果表明:诱导类原球茎的最佳培养基为B5 TDZ0.50mgL-1 NAA0.25mgL-1,诱导率98.3%;继代增殖的最佳培养基为B5 S-33071.0mgL-1 NAA0.2mgL-1 蔗糖3.5%,增殖系数9.4;类原球茎分化的最佳培养基为B5 S-33070.75mgL-1 6-BA1.0mgL-1 NAA0.4mgL-1,分化率87.8%;最佳的生根培养基为1/2B5 NAA0.2mgL-1 活性炭0.05%,生根率达100%。     

大花蕙兰的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称　大花蕙兰 (Ｃｙｍｂｉｄｉｕｍｆａｂｅｒｉ )。2　材料类别　幼芽、幼根。3　培养条件　以ＶＷ和 1 2ＭＳ为基本培养基。诱导圆球茎培养基 :(1 )ＶＷ 6 ＢＡ 0 .3ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ＫＴ 0 .3 ＮＡＡ 1 .2 ＣＭ 1 5 0ｍｌ·Ｌ-1 0 .2 %活性炭 ;(2 )ＶＷ 6 ＢＡ 0 .3 ＫＴ 0 .3 ＮＡＡ 2 .0 0 .3 %ＣＨ ＣＭ 1 5 0ｍｌ·Ｌ-1 0 .2 %活性炭。圆球茎增殖培养基 :(3 )ＶＷ 6 ＢＡ 0 .3 ＫＴ 0 .3 ＮＡＡ 0 .2 0 .2 %活性炭。壮苗生根培养基 :(4) 1 2ＭＳ ＧＡ1 .0 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 1 5 %香蕉泥 ;(5 ) 1 2ＭＳ…     

大花蕙兰的组织培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　大花蕙兰 (Ｃｙｍｂｉｄｉｕｍ ｇｒａｎｄｉｆｌｏ ｒｕｍ)。2　材料类别　茎段。3　培养条件　 (1 )原球茎诱导增殖培养基 :ＭＳ +6 ＢＡ 0 .5ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) +ＮＡＡ 1 .0。 (2 )原球茎分化培养基 :ＭＳ +6 ＢＡ 2 .0 +ＮＡＡ 1 .0 +香蕉泥 1 5 0 ｇ·Ｌ- 1 。 (3 )生根培养基 ,1 /2ＭＳ +ＮＡＡ1 .0。ｐＨ 5 .6～ 5 .8,蔗糖 3 0 ｇ·Ｌ- 1 、琼脂 5 ｇ·Ｌ- 1固化培养 ,培养温度 (2 5± 2 )℃ ,环境湿度 6 0 %～80 % ,光照度 2 5 0 0ｌｘ ,每天光照 1 2ｈ。4　生长与分化情况4.1　启动培养　取大花蕙兰茎段 ,流…     

不同激素组合对丝瓜离体快速繁殖的调控

利用不同激素组合对丝瓜愈伤组织诱导、芽的分化及试管苗快速繁殖进行了研究.结果发现不同外植体均易诱导愈伤组织,但愈伤组织分化芽较难,而外植体在一些激素组合中可直接形成不定芽;利用无菌苗的顶芽及腋芽,培养于附加6 BA1mg L+NAA0.5mg L或NAA1mg L的MS培养基上,获得了芽的快速增殖,形成芽簇,每丛芽数达6～8苗;试管苗于1 2MS+NAA0.5mg L生根培养基中6d生根率达到100%,获得完整再生植株.结果表明采用不同激素组合对丝瓜体细胞形态发生与发育的调控有决定性作用.     

雷公藤离体快繁过程中内源激素水平的变化

对雷公藤Tripterygium wilfordii组培苗各生长发育阶段的内源激素变化进行研究。结果表明,在芽诱导过程中,培养7～14 d是芽诱导的关键性阶段,ZT含量呈上升趋势,在培养28～35 d时,ABA含量转为上升,芽体生长进入缓慢抑制阶段;在芽继代增殖过程中,GA3含量升高,ABA含量降低,GA3/IAA比值高及ABA/IAA比值低利于雷公藤芽体分化增殖;在壮苗培养过程中,IAA、GA3含量上升,但两者浓度过高或过低均不利于生长;生根培养第7 天,雷公藤根系开始生成,IAA含量达到一峰值,在生根初期,低比值ZT/IAA及高比值GA3/ABA利于雷公藤生根培养。     

Involvement of Plant Hormones and Plant Growth Regulators on in vitro Somatic Embryogenesis

In spite of the importance attained by somatic embryogenesis and of the many studies that have been conducted on this developmental process, there are still many aspects that are not fully understood. Among those features, the involvement of plant hormones and plant growth regulators on deTermining the conversion of somatic onto embryogenic tissues, and on allowing progression and maturation of somatic embryos, are far away from being completely comprehended. Part of these difficulties relies on the frequent appearance of contradictory results when studying the effect of a particular stimulus over a specific stage in somatic embryogenesis. Recent progress achieved on understanding the interaction between exogenously added plant growth regulators over the concentration of endogenous hormones, together with the involvement of sensitivity of the tissues to particular hormone groups, might help clarifying the occurrence of divergent patterns in somatic embryogenesis, and in tissue culture in general. The aspects described above, emphasizing on the effect of the concentration of plant hormones and of the addition of plant growth regulators during the different phases of somatic embryogenesis, will be reviewed in this paper. Citations will be limited to review articles as much as possible and to individual articles only in those cases in which very specific or recent information is presented.     

Photosynthetic characteristics of Cymbidium plantlet in vitro

The photosynthetic characteristics of the Cymbidium plantlet in vitro cultured on Hyponex-agar medium with 2% sucrose were determined based on the measurements of CO₂ concentration inside and outside of the culture vessels. The CO₂ measurements were made with a gas chromatograph at a PPF (photosynthetic photon flux) of 35, 102 and 226 mol m^-2 s^-1, a chamber air temperature of 15, 25 and 35°C and a CO₂ concentration outside the vessel of approximately 350, 1100 and 3000 ppm. The net photosynthetic rates were determined on individual plantlets and were expressed on a dry weight basis. The steady-state CO₂ concentration during the photoperiod was lower inside the vessel than outside the vessel at any PPF greater than 35 mol m^-2s^-1 and at any chamber air temperature. The photosynthetic response curves relating the net photosynthetic rate, PPF, and CO₂ concentration in the vessel and chamber air temperature were similar to those for Cymbidium plants grown outside and other C₃ plants grown outside under shade. The results indicate that CO₂ enrichment for the plantlets in vitro at a relatively high PPF would promote photosynthesis and hence the growth of chlorophyllous shoots/plantlets in vitro and that the plantlets in vitro would make photoautotrophic growth under environmental conditions favorable for photosynthesis.Abbreviations C_in CO₂ concentration in the culture vessel - C_out CO₂ concentration outside the vessel (in the culture room) - PPF photosynthetic photon flux     

Hormones and breast cancer in vitro

Breast cancer is characterized by hormonal regulation. The current article reviews the role of estrogen and polypeptide growth factors in control of proliferation and basement membrane invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro. The role of antiestrogens to regulate proliferation, invasion, and growth factor secretion is further highlighted. Finally, the use of in vitro cultures of breast cancer cells to model steps in the malignant progression of the disease is emphasized. The availability of hormone dependent and independent breast cancer cell lines should allow screening for better antiestrogens, antimetastatic drugs, and antagonists of local action of growth factors.     

墨兰试管苗植株的发育解剖学研究

用石蜡切片和扫描电镜对墨兰试管苗植株的生长发育进行了研究。发现幼叶中脉附近的叶肉细胞类似栅栏组织,随着叶片的不断成熟,叶片基部中脉附近的叶肉细胞逐渐变为近圆形或椭圆形,而叶尖部和叶中部中脉附近的叶肉细胞仍似栅栏组织。茎的发育经历了原球茎、根状茎和假鳞茎3个阶段。原球茎的大部分细胞都含有淀粉粒,根状茎的皮层细胞含淀粉粒,而假鳞茎几乎不含淀粉粒。幼根没有髓,皮层细胞含淀粉粒：成熟根具含淀粉粒的髓。出瓶苗上即带有4个芽,一般只有最外侧叶腋的1个花芽和最内侧叶腋的1个叶芽发育。     

寒兰的组织培养与试管开花

1植物名称 寒兰（Cymbidium kanran Makino）。 2材料类别 种子。 3培养条件 种子萌发培养基：（1）1／2B5＋6-BA0．6mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．4;根状茎增殖培养基：（2）B5＋6-BA0．6＋NAA1．5;芽分化培养基：（3）B5＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．2;生根培养基：（4）1／2B5＋NAA0．2;     

西藏虎头兰的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 西藏虎头兰（Cymbidium tracyanum L．Castler．）。 2材料类别 种子。 3培养条件 西藏虎头兰种子萌发培养基：（1）1／2MS;（2）MS;（3）1／2MS＋100mL·L^-1洋芋;（4）MS＋100mL·L^-1洋芋;（5）1／2MS＋100mL·L^-1椰乳;（6）MS＋100mL·L^-1椰乳。原球茎继代增殖培养基：（7）MS＋NAA0．1mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋100mL·L^-1洋芋;     

The Effects of Cymbidium Mosaic Virus and Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus on the Growth of Cymbidium Orchids

Two cultivars of Cymbidium orchid were mechanically inoculated with Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) and Cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV), individually and in combination. ORSV was found to have an infection rate of 70% (as determined by ELISA), but seldom induced easily discernable leaf symptoms. CyMV had an infection rate of only 20%, but infected plants invariably produced a pronounced leaf mosaic either with or without necrotic streaks. Both viruses were found to reduce plant growth, the effects of CyMV being more severe than those of ORSV.     

地生兰(Cymbidium)个体发生途径研究

地生兰的类原球茎体(PLB)在不加激素的1/2 MS培养基上驯化培养,获得“无需外源激素仍能增殖的无性系(PLB-O)”,已继代5年,不分化芽和根。连续光照有利于PLB-O分生区的增殖,8h光照的次之,黑暗中增殖速度最低。PLB培养在含10％椰乳的1/2 BMS液体培养基中,随继代培养进程,形成分枝更多的丛生型PLB,约4个月后,在PLB顶端开始形成植株。兰花离体培养中,在同一个培养物中,同时存在着处于不同发育时期的分生区、原球茎、芽和小植株。PLB培养在含1/2BMS+6BA 2mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L的培养基中,同一个丛生型PLB上,因分生区和PLB的发育年龄的不同,形成不同发育年龄的幼芽。     

线艺建兰的组织培养和快速繁殖(简报)

以线艺建兰茎尖、腋芽为外植体,接种在1/2MS 6-BA 3.0mg/L NAA 0.3mg/L培养基上形成原球茎,原球茎在1/2MS 6-BA 0.1mg/L NAA 1.0mg/L培养基上可大量增殖,并伸长生长形成丛生型根状茎;根状茎在MS 6-BA 2.0mg/L PP333 1.0mg/L NAA 0.5mg/L培养基上可分化成小苗,分化率达46.3%;小苗在MS IBA 1.0mg/L GA 0.5mg/L 香蕉泥100g/L的培养基上生根壮苗,生根率达100%.     

春兰离体培养及植株再生(简报)

以春兰茎尖、腋芽为外植体,接种在1/2MS 6-BA 5.0mg/L NAA 0.5mg/L培养基上形成根状茎,根状茎在1/2MS 6-BA 0.2mg/L NAA 2.0mg/L 香蕉泥100g/L培养基上可大量增殖,并伸长生长形成丛生型根状茎;根状茎在MS 6-BA 2.0mg/L NAA 1.0 mg/L培养基上可分化成小苗,分化率达30.6%;小苗在1/2MS IBA 2.0mg/L 香蕉泥150g/L培养基上可生根壮苗,生根率达100%。     

野生碧玉兰组培快繁技术

以云南野生碧玉兰（Cymbidium lowianum）种子无菌萌发的试管苗为试验材料,进行其丛生芽诱导增殖、生根的组培快繁技术体系研究。结果表明：适宜的增殖培养基配方为1/2MS＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L＋KT 0.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.2 mg/L,增殖率可达300%;生根培养基的配方为1/2MS＋NAA 1.5 mg/L＋6-BA 0.3 mg/L,其根数多,健壮。     

Induction of early flowering in Cymbidium niveo-marginatum Mak in vitro

 Many orchids take several years to flower. We have been able to induce early flowering in the temperate orchid Cymbidium niveo-marginatum Mak in vitro. The combined treatment of cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine), restricted nitrogen supply with phosphorus enrichment, and root excision (pruning) induced transition of the Cymbidium shoot from a vegetative to a reproductive stage. Nearly 100% of the plants flowered within 90 days only when the combined treatment was applied. When root excision and/or 6-benzylaminopurine were omitted from the combined treatments, flower induction was significantly reduced. The auxin transport inhibitor, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid prevented flowering of Cymbidium in vitro, although auxin (α-naphthaleneacetic acid) itself did not induce flowering. Gibberellic acid markedly delayed flowering in C. niveo-marginatum even when the flower-promoting treatment was applied. Paclobutrazol, an anti-gibberellin agent, totally blocked the inductive effects of either cytokinin or pruning. These observations suggest that concerted actions of auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin, as well as nutrient concentration and putative promoting/suppressing agents, determine the timing of Cymbidium orchid transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage. Received: 22 July 1998 / Revision revised: 23 November 1998 / Accepted: 2 December 1998