不孕不育患者解脲脲原体菌株血清型别的检测

本文以解脲脲原体标准菌株１－１４型免疫家获得ＵＵ１－１４型抗血清。用ＩＤＴ法对４８株自不孕不育患者分离的地方株作分型试验。结果在１．２．４．５．６．７．８和１２血八个清型中出现强阳性反应,其中４型最多。另有４株混合型。对四种血清型无反应。     

Serological Examination of Some Strains That Are in the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum Complex But Do Not Belong to Schaefer''s Serotypes

One hundred strains belonging to the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (MAIS) complex but not agglutinating with antisera type-specific for Schaefer's 23 MAIS serotypes were examined using antisera against seven other such strains. Four of the 100 strains were found to be of the same serotype as one of the 7 against which antisera were prepared; 4 other strains were of the same serotype as another of those against which antisera were prepared. Although the strains against which antisera were prepared were serologically distinct from each other, no strains serologically identical to 5 of them were found. This suggests that numerous serotypes might have to be defined if strains such as those examined are to be assigned to their respective serotypes.     

Serological Examination of Some Strains That Are in the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum Complex But Do Not Belong to Schaefer's Serotypes

One hundred strains belonging to the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (MAIS) complex but not agglutinating with antisera type-specific for Schaefer''s 23 MAIS serotypes were examined using antisera against seven other such strains. Four of the 100 strains were found to be of the same serotype as one of the 7 against which antisera were prepared; 4 other strains were of the same serotype as another of those against which antisera were prepared. Although the strains against which antisera were prepared were serologically distinct from each other, no strains serologically identical to 5 of them were found. This suggests that numerous serotypes might have to be defined if strains such as those examined are to be assigned to their respective serotypes.     

Research progress in BYDV resistance genes derived from wheat and its wild relatives

Barley yellow dwarf virus （BYDV） may cause a serious disease affecting wheat worldwide. True resistance to BYDV is not naturally found in wheat. BYDV resistance genes are found in more than 10 wild relative species belonging to the genera of Thinopyrum, Agropyron, Elymus, Leymus, Roegneria, and Psathyrostachy. Through wide crosses combining with cell culture, use ofph mutants, or irradiation, 3 BYDV resistance genes in Th. intermedium, including Bdv2, Bdv3 and Bdv4, were introgressed into common wheat background. Various wheat-Th, intermedium addition and substitution, translocation lines with BYDV-resistance were developed and characterized, such as 7D-TAi#1 （bearing Bdv2）, 7B-7Ai#1, 7D-7E （beating Bdv3）, and 2D-2Ai-2 （bearing Bdv4） translocations. Three wheat varieties with BYDV resistance from Th. intermedium were developed and released in Australia and China, respectively. In addition, wheat-Agropyron cristatum translocation lines, wheat-Ag, pulcherrimum addition and substitution lines, and a wheat-Leymus multicaulis addition line （line24） with different resistance genes were developed. Cytological analysis, morphological markers, biochemical markers, and molecular markers associated with the alien chromatin carrying BYDV resistance genes were identified and applied to determine the presence of alien, chromosomes or segments, size of alien chromosome segments, and compositions of the alien chromosomes. Furthermore, some resistance-related genes, such as RGA, P450, HSP70, protein kinases, centrin, and transducin, were identified, which expressed specifically in the resistance translocation lines with Bdv2. These studies lay the foundations for developing resistant wheat cultivars and unraveling the resistance mechanism against BYDV.     

Serologic differences in strains of Sporothrix schenckii.

To obtain evidence that Sporothrix scheneckii enters the body by contact with contaminated materials, the antigenic property of strains from different sources was investigated. The reciprocal absorption test of the antisera against a soil isolate and a human isolate (KO 4606) showed that the absorbed antisera against KO 4606 possessed unique antigen(s) in addition to the common antigen of both strains. Twenty-three clinical isolates were tested with absorbed antisera. Not all of them possessed the unique antigen(s), but there were serologic varieties among S. schenckii strains, regardless of their sources, clinical type of the disease and the morphology of the yeast phase cells.     

Serogrouping of Rhodococcus equi

The serological relationships among 27 isolates of Rhodococcus equi selected from a total of 1,195 isolates were investigated by cross-agglutination and absorption tests. The presence of capsular material was demonstrated in all the 27 isolates by electron microscopic observation. Antisera were prepared by employing formalized antigen of each isolate. In the cross-agglutination test with formalized antigen, 13 antisera reacted with homologous antigens alone, but the remaining 14 antisera reacted not only with homologous antigens but also with one to four heterologous antigens. When these 14 antisera possessing heterologous agglutinins were absorbed with each of the cross-reacting antigens, 14 specific antisera were obtained. The cross-agglutination test with these 27 antisera proved the 27 strains examined to be serologically distinct from one another. These strains were designated serogroups 1 to 27. Thus the same number of grouping antisera were prepared. The distribution of each serogroup among the 1,195 isolates and 15 reference strains was investigated by the slide agglutination test. All the strains were found to be groupable. Most of them belonged to serogroups 1 to 4, 7 to 9, 11, 14, and 15. Of the serogroups designated, 4, 16, 2, 12, 21, 1, and 9 were identical with Prescott's serovars 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively.     

Molecular characterization of the genomic region harboring the BYDV-resistance geneBdv2 in wheat

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) can cause significant losses of wheat worldwide. The long arm segment ofThinopyrum intermedium chromosome 7Ai#1 carrying the BYDV resistance geneBdv2 was translocated to the distal region of the long arm of wheat chromosome 7D in translocation line Yw642. In this study, 40 wheat EST sequences located in the distal region of 7DL were explored to identify specific PCR markers for theBdv2 region on the basis of the homoeologous relationship between wheat chromosome 7D and Th.intermedium chromosome 7Ai# 1. Our results revealed 8 novel EST-PCR markers specific to theBdv2 region, including 5 EST-STS markers of BE404744, BE498985, BE591497, BG606695 and BQ161842, and 3 EST-SSCP markers of BE404953, BG312663 and BE498985. These EST-PCR markers could distinguishBdv2 from another BYDV-resistance gene located onTh.intermedium chromosome 2Ai-2. These specific bands for theBdv2 region were further cloned and sequenced. The sequencing analysis indicated that the specific sequences for theBdv2 region were highly homologous with the original wheat EST sequences that were used to design primers, and encode respectively a protein kinase, P450, centrin, transducin, and a hypothetical protein. This study created a starting point for eventual cloning of theBdv2 gene and understanding the defense mechanism.     

Serological studies of Bacteroides vulgatus from normal gut flora

A serological classification scheme for 48 strains of Bacteroides vulgatus was established by agglutination technique. Bacterial strains were isolated in our laboratory from gut flora of healthy persons. Absorbed antisera to 11 strains of B. vulgatus were prepared. All 48 strains tested reacted with one or more antisera. Among these strains, 22 serogroups were formed; 11 of them contained only one group component and 11 were made up of multiple group components.     

兼抗抗白粉病和黄矮病小麦育种材料的创造与鉴定

白粉病和黄矮病是小麦生产上的重要病害,近几年来这两种病害经常在我国一些小麦产区同时发生。为解决该问题,本研究通过杂交、回交方法将抗黄矮病的Bdv2基因（源自于YW642）和抗白粉病的Pm21基因（源自于CB037）聚合在一起,育成了兼抗黄矮病和白粉病的小麦新材料。通过田间抗病性鉴定与分子标记辅助选择相结合,得到聚合了Bdv2基因和Pm21基因的BC1代小麦22株,F2代小麦51株。农艺性状调查显示,这些含Pm21和Bdv2基因的双抗白粉病和黄矮病小麦新材料的农艺性状优于感病植株和原先的亲本,可以在小麦白粉病和黄矮病兼性抗病育种中作为优异种质资源加以利用。     

Common Antigenic Determinant in a Rumen Organism and in Salmonellae Containing the Antigen O4

Nineteen of 28 strains of rumen organisms isolated from a cow on a high roughage diet and identified morphologically as butyrivibrios, reacted to a low agglutinin titer with salmonella antisera, forming five groups. However only one strain reacted with polyvalent O salmonella antiserum. This strain reacted with O4 factor serum and with antisera to Salmonella strains containing the antigen O4, and agglutinin absorption tests showed the presence of an antigen identical to O4. When 16 further strains of butyrivibrio-like rumen organisms isolated from three cows and one steer were examined, one possessed an antigen similar to but not identical with the antigen O9, and two strains reacted with specific O6,7 factor serum but were not examined further. These four strains were presumptively identified by physiological tests as butyrivibrios. The possible site of antigenic stimulation by such organisms is discussed.     

Group antigens in slow-growing rhizobia

Summary Internal group antigens of several slow-growing and fast-growing Rhizobium strains were tested by gel-diffusion against antisera to three strains of Rhizobium japonicum. At least one, generally two common antigens were found in 13 strains of R. japonicum, 4 strains of R. lupini, 4 strains isolated from cowpea and two slow-growing strains isolated from Lotus. Forty-six fast-growing rhizobia (including two from Lotus and 4 from Leucaena leucocephala) were clearly distinguished from the slow-growing strains in tests with the same antisera. They were wholly negative (9) or gave a much weaker non-identical line with one antiserum (24 strains), two antisera (8) or three antisera (5). The 5 strains of agrobacteria grouped with the fast-growing rhizobia.     

Production of Multivalent Fluorescent Antisera for Identification of Organisms in the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare Complex

Antisera to ten strains of mycobacteria in the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare group were obtained by injecting rabbits with ultraviolet light-killed cells. The antisera were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and used in the direct fluorescent antibody test. Individual antisera reacted specifically with the mycobacterial serotype used to produce them. The antisera were then combined in two multivalent pools. Each multivalent pool reacted specifically with its corresponding antigens. The multivalent antisera were thus found to provide a rapid identification method for the mycobacteria studied.     

Chemical and serological properties of lipopolysaccharides from Vibrio parahaemolyticus O-untypeable strains isolated from patients

Chemical and serological studies have been carried out on the O-antigenic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of six strains, U-6443, W-90144, X-3972, AD-7999, 90A-6611 and KX-V212, of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from patients. The O-serotypes of these strains have not been identified because they were not agglutinated by any diagnostic antisera against known O-serotype strains. A compositional sugar analysis of their LPS revealed that out of the six O-untypeable (OUT) strains, U-6443, W-90144 and AD-7999 strains belonged to chemotype II (chemotype of O2), 90A-6611 and KX-V212 strains to chemotype III (chemotype of O3, O5, O11 and O13) and X-3972 strain to chemotype IV (chemotype of O4). A structural analysis of LPS isolated from KX-V212 revealed that the inner core region of the LPS consisted of only one mole of 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octonic acid, which carried a phosphate group at position C4 and the outer core at position C5. In passive hemolysis tests performed by using LPS as the antigen to sensitize sheep red blood cells (SRBC), and diagnostic antisera (O1 to O11) or anti-whole-cell rabbit antisera raised against O12, O13 and the six OUT strains, strong cross-reactivity was observed among LPS derived from the strains belonging to chemotype II (U-6443, W-90144, AD-7999 and O2). Strong cross-reactivity was also observed between X-3972 (chemotype IV) and O4 LPS. In contrast, LPS from two of the strains belonging to chemotype III (90A-6611 and KX-V212) did not react with any of the antisera raised against known O-serotypes. Cross-absorption tests showed that the O-antigens of U-6443, W-90144 and AD-7999 were identical to that of O2, and the O-antigen of X-3972 to that of O4. On the other hand, after the absorption of antisera raised against 90A-6611 and KX-V212 with O2 cells, the hemolytic activities against SRBC sensitized with homologous LPS were still retained at a high titer, whereas the hemolytic activities against SRBC sensitized with LPS from other O-serotype strains were completely eliminated. A cross-absorption test revealed that the O-antigens of these two strains were identical to each other. Thus, it was demonstrated that the O-serotype of OUT strains 90A-6611 and KX-V212 was not involved in the known O-serotypes; rather it represented a novel serotype which has not hitherto been reported.     

鲍氏志架氏菌的一个新血清型

Two strains which belong to the same serotype of Shigella were isolated from the bloody-pus stool of two patients (in 1986) and is reported in this paper. The results were identical both showing agglutination in low titer with serotype 8 of S. dysenteriae and serotype 4 of S. boydii when the two strains were checked well with all kinds of diagnostic antisera and vice versa, ie the antisera produced by the two strains were also checked well with sera prepared with the representative strains of all Shigella spp. No cross agglutination with O6, O7, and O150 of E. coli were found. Consequently, It appears to be a new serotype of Shigella. These two strains possess the ability of causing keratitis in guinea-pigs as well as invading epithelial cells, the DNA of both strains in agarose-electrophoresis showed a large plasmid, indicating that they are virulent strains possessing invasive ability. It was concluded that these two strains belonged to Shigella boydii as they fermented mannitol and non-related antigenically with Shigella flexneri. Since serotype 1-18 of S. boydii have been reported recently, we propose that this new serotype should be serotype 19 of Shigella boydii.     

The serotype distribution of Campylobacter in patients with diarrhoea in Kuwait

Fifty one strains of Campylobacter jejuni/coli isolated from patients with diarrhoea, at the Amiri Hospital, Hawally, Kuwait were classified on the basis of the heatstable-HS-antigens and the heat-labile-HL-antigens, by using 20 and 23 hyperimmune antisera for the two methods, respectively. The ages of the patient ranged from 3 months to 60 years, and 72.6% of the strains were from children less than 4 years. With the number of antisera used 78.4% of the HS antigens and 96.1% of the HL antigens could be identified. About half of the strains had one of five HS antigens (4, 8, 13, 5 or 25) and 70.5% of the strains had one of five HL antigens (1, 36, 2, 6, or 21). The study shows that the most common HS and HL antigens among Campylobacter strains from Kuwait also are the most frequent antigens of strains from other parts of the world. A limited number of antisera are sufficient to identify the majority of the strains.     

Relationship between phosphate content and serological activities of the mannans of Candida albicans strains NIH A-207, NIH B-792, and J-1012.

The mannans from Candida albicans strains NIH A-207 (serotype A), NIH B-792 (serotype B), and J-1012 (serotype C) were fractionated on a column of diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex into five subfractions containing different amounts of phosphate. Antibody-precipitating activities of the mannan subfractions of strains NIH A-207 and NIH B-792 were proportional to their phosphate content, while those of strain J-1012 did not show regularly proportional precipitin activity. A similar tendency was also observed in the cross-reaction between the mannan su,fractions of strains NIH A-207 and J-1012 and their heterologous antisera. The mannans of strain NIH B-792 showed lower cross-reactivities against antisera of strains NIH A-207 and NIH B-792, i.e., only two subfractions containing larger amounts of phosphate were able to react with these antisera.     

Immunofluorescence Staining of Group B Coxsackieviruses

Studies were conducted on the sensitivity and specificity of indirect fluorescent-antibody (FA) staining for identification of group B coxsackieviruses. Antisera produced in four different species (monkeys, rabbits, horses, hamsters) and immune ascitic fluids prepared in mice were compared for suitability in FA staining. The horse antisera showed high titers of nonspecific staining, and the rabbit antisera showed relatively low homologous FA titers. Immune reagents from monkeys, hamsters, and mice were used for homologous and heterologous testing against cell cultures infected with the various group B coxsackieviruses. Antisera or immune ascitic fluids produced in these three species showed some heterotypic and nonspecific staining at low dilutions, with the monkey antisera showing the highest heterotypic titers. However, the immune reagents could be diluted to a point where they gave no heterotypic reactivity, but still showed characteristic homotypic staining. Heterotypic staining appeared as diffuse, low-level staining of the cells, whereas homotypic staining revealed characteristic, brightly staining aggregates of viral antigen in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. By using hamster immune sera, appropriately diluted to eliminate heterotypic staining and yet give strong homotypic staining, it was possible to identify correctly 79 (93%) of 85 field strains of group B coxsackieviruses at the first passage level in BS-C-1 cells; the remainder of the strains were identified after two passages in BS-CS-1 cells. No incorrect identifications were made. A limited number of field strains of group B coxsackieviruses were passed into rhesus monkey kidney and human fetal diploid kidney cells, and these were all correctly identified by FA staining, even the strains which failed to produce a cytopathic effect in the human fetal diploid kidney cells. Two human heart and brain tissues from which coxsackievirus type B4 had been isolated failed to show homotypic FA staining in excess of nonspecific or heterotypic staining.     

Trypanosoma cruzi: characterization of in vitro and in vivo synthesized polypeptides from epimastigote forms of different strains

Intact RNAs were isolated from epimastigote forms of different Trypanosoma cruzi strains. Translation of the mRNAs using rabbit reticulocyte lysate and analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed protein profiles comparable to those observed by labeling cells in vivo. No major interstrain differences were observed in the patterns of the polypeptides synthesized in vitro and in vivo, indicating that metabolic proteins are similar among distinct strains. Several T. cruzi polypeptides produced in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system were immunoprecipitated by specific antisera. The patterns of antigenic polypeptides recognized by antisera raised against epimastigotes from different strains were also very similar.     

Serological Studies of Clostridium botulinum Type E and Related Organisms II. Serology of Spores

Pure spore antigens for the immunization of rabbits were prepared by enzymic digestion of vegetative components and separation of the cleaned spores in polyethylene glycol. Spore antisera were prepared to strains representative of toxigenic Clostridium botulinum type E; nontoxigenic boticin E-producing variants; nontoxigenic nonproducers of boticin E; nontoxigenic "atypical" strains, which differ somewhat from C. botulinum type E in their physiology; C. botulinum types A and B; and C. bifermentans. They were tested against these and additional strains representative of the above groups, other types of C. botulinum, and other Clostridium species. There was no evidence of agglutination of flagellar or somatic antigens of vegetative cells by these antisera. Agglutination and agglutinin absorption tests showed common antigens among toxigenic type E strains and nontoxigenic variants, both producers and nonproducers of boticin E. Some nontoxigenic "atypical" strains varied in their ability to be agglutinated by type E antisera, and others did not agglutinate at all. Of those atypical strains that were not agglutinated, one was agglutinated by C. bifermentans antiserum. Antisera prepared against C. botulinum types A and B and C. bifermentans did not agglutinate the spores of type E or its variants nor share antigens common to each other. Similarly, antisera to type E, its nontoxigenic variants, and nontoxigenic atypical strains did not agglutinate other C. botulinum types or any other Clostridium species investigated.     

Immunological Characterization of Pectinatus cerevisiophilus Strains

Eleven Pectinatus cerevisiophilus strains of brewery origin were classified serologically by gel diffusion precipitin tests, immunoelectrophoresis, and the fluorescent antibody staining technique. The Pectinatus strains could be assigned immunologically to three different groups. Groups I and III were found to be very closely related, and only some of the antisera used showed differences. The antisera against the strains belonging to group II contained a common group antigen. A strong precipitation band found near the antigen was shown to represent the interaction of the lipopolysaccharide antibody and the respective antigen.