铬黄圆痕叶蝉属的订正及圆痕叶蝉族巴西二新属二新种描记（半翅目：叶蝉科）

基于比较形态学对曾归入圆痕叶蝉亚科铬黄圆痕叶蝉属Chromagallia的8个有效种（C. saucia (St?l), C. flavofasciata (St?l), C. longistilata (Coelho & Dutra), C. carvalhoi Gon?alves et al., C. lamasi Gon?alves et al., C. lanceolata Gon?alves et al., C. paraguayensis Gon?alves et al.和C. zanolae Gon?alves et al.）进行了订正,明确了该属的范围仅限于具有黄斑的3个种（C. flavofasciata (St?l), C. longistilata (Coelho & Dutra) 和C. rodriguesoi sp. nov.）,对该属进行了重新描述,并修订了鉴别特征。此外,对模式种C. flavofasciata 进行了重新描记,首次提供了C. longistilata的雌性生殖器图,并作了描记。把曾归入铬黄圆痕叶蝉属Chromagallia具有红斑的6个种移出并新建了2个新属：Rubragallia 和Neorubragallia,其中Rubragallia 包括R. saucia (St?l) n. comb.和R. paraguayensis (Gon?alves et al.) n. comb., Neorubragallia包括N. lamasi (Gon?alves et al.) n. comb., N. lanceolata (Gon?alves et al.) n. comb., N. zanolae (Gon?alves et al.) n. comb., N. carvalhoi (Gon?alves et al.) n. comb. 和N. mervini sp. nov.。文中提供了3个属的分种检索表,并对不同种的分类地位及3个属的划分进行了讨论。     

Description of a second species of Nannogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) from the Atlantic Forest of south Brazil

A second species of the poorly known sharpshooter genus Nannogonalia Young, 1977 is described and illustrated from the Atlantic Forest of south Brazil (state of Paraná). Types are deposited in DZUP. Nannogonalia inusitata n. sp. can be distinguished from the type-species (Tettigonia circumcincta Signoret, 1855) mainly by the color pattern and form of the male subgenital plates and female sternite VII. Nannogonalia circumcincta is newly recorded from the state of Paraná. The female genitalia of Nannogonalia are described in detail for the first time, based on the type-species and the new species. We discuss some peculiar features of the first and second ovipositor valvulae of this genus that were previously observed in Versigonalia Young, 1977.     

A new species of the sharpshooter genus Onega Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) from Ecuador and Peru

Onega comprises nine valid species distributed in South American countries, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru, commonly at high altitudes. The genus has as diagnostic characteristics the transition crown-frons with transversal carina; crown and superior portion of frons with concavities; pronotum wider than transocular width of head; and paraphysis, when present, as a median esclerite. The present paper describes Onega musa sp. nov., from Ecuador and Peru, which can be distinguished from other Onega species by: body mostly yellow, with brown maculae distributed on dorsum; posterior margin of male pygofer serrate, with long microsetae on the basiventral margin; aedeagus with shaft bisinuate with dorsal acute preapical process; female sternite VII with posterior margin slightly convex; and first valvula of ovipositor with 38 noncontiguous teeth. Intraspecific morphological variations are discussed.     

A multidisciplinary approach to the fine-systematics within Tisbe - an evaluation of morphological and molecular methods

Six species from the species-rich taxon Tisbe (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) were selected that could be reared in the laboratory as mass cultures. Phylogenetic relationships among these species were assessed by morphological studies of adults and larvae, DNA restriction site polymorphisms, allozymic, immunological distance, and lipid composition. Limits of scope and practicability of these analyses became apparent, as well as their potential and importance for future work in zoological systematics.     

Descriptions of a new Brazilian Tacora species and the female of Tacora saturata, and a key to the species of the genus (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellini)

Tacora johanni, a new species from Rondônia State, North Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species can be recognized by the male genital features, especially the subgenital plates with the basal half distinctly expanded and with outer lateral margin round, the long and slender preapical pygofer process, and the styles with apical half strongly curved. Also, the genus is recorded for the first time from Venezuela, based on specimens of Tacora saturata Young, 1977, while the female of this species (here described in detail for the first time) shows two unusual features of the genitalia. A key to males of all known Tacora species and a map showing the known distribution of the genus are provided.     

Phylogenetic endemism: a new approach for identifying geographical concentrations of evolutionary history

We present a new, broadly applicable measure of the spatial restriction of phylogenetic diversity, termed phylogenetic endemism (PE). PE combines the widely used phylogenetic diversity and weighted endemism measures to identify areas where substantial components of phylogenetic diversity are restricted. Such areas are likely to be of considerable importance for conservation. PE has a number of desirable properties not combined in previous approaches. It assesses endemism consistently, independent of taxonomic status or level, and independent of previously defined political or biological regions. The results can be directly compared between areas because they are based on equivalent spatial units. PE builds on previous phylogenetic analyses of endemism, but provides a more general solution for mapping endemism of lineages. We illustrate the broad applicability of PE using examples of Australian organisms having contrasting life histories: pea-flowered shrubs of the genus Daviesia (Fabaceae) and the Australian species of the Australo-Papuan tree frog radiation within the family Hylidae.