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Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo João Bosco Ferraz Herlandes Penha Tinoco Robert John Young Marcos Rodrigues 《Acta ethologica》2010,13(2):109-117
The aim of this study was to evaluate activity–time budget, habitat use and how seasonality and group size influence the expression
of greater rhea behaviours. Greater rheas are threatened South American birds; habitat loss, predation and hunting are the
main factors responsible for population declines. The study was conducted in farmlands within a matrix of commercial Eucalyptus plantation and remnants of natural habitats of cerrado vegetation (savannah-like) in southeastern Brazil. Rhea groups were located visually in different habitats visited monthly
from January 2004 to December 2005. Time spent searching greater rheas in each habitat was equally distributed. Data were
collected using scan sampling with instantaneous recording of behaviours every minute. The time–activity budget of greater
rheas was influenced by habitat structure, time of the day, season and group size. Rheas spent more time in open areas than
in forested areas (p < 0.001). Vigilance behaviours were more displayed in forested areas, in the dry season and by solitary and small groups
of birds. Resting behaviours occurred more often in open lands and within groups with more than three rheas. Food availability,
good visibility and low human presence are the possible factors for the preference of greater rheas for pasturelands. The
results support the resource availability hypothesis, where it is expected that habitats with a higher food availability will
be more used by the animals, group size hypothesis, where the scarcity of resources will lead to smaller groups of animals
and that forestry modifies greater rheas habitat use and behaviours. 相似文献