人4-1BBL胞外区/抗CD20 Fab’融合蛋白的构建和表达

研究共刺激分子4-1BBL在肿瘤靶向治疗方面的作用, 用PCR 和overlap PCR 方法构建人4-1BBL胞外区/抗CD20 Fab’融合蛋白表达载体, 并用双脱氧终止法测定DNA 序列; 采用亲和层析法纯化该产物, 并用SDS-PAGE和HPLC鉴定纯化产物; 采用玫瑰花环试验鉴定纯化产物与靶细胞的结合活性。DNA 序列测定结果表明: 人4-1BBL胞外区/抗CD20 Fab’融合蛋白已构建成功。表达可溶性产物的产量达200 mg/L以上, 纯度较高, 具有与激活的Jurkat (4-1BBL+) 和Raji细胞(CD20+)结合的活性。这将为非何杰金氏淋巴瘤免疫治疗、靶向治疗提供新的思路。     

人4-1BBL胞外区/抗CD20 Fab’融合蛋白的构建和表达

研究共刺激分子4-1BBL在肿瘤靶向治疗方面的作用, 用PCR 和overlap PCR 方法构建人4-1BBL胞外区/抗CD20 Fab’融合蛋白表达载体, 并用双脱氧终止法测定DNA 序列; 采用亲和层析法纯化该产物, 并用SDS-PAGE和HPLC鉴定纯化产物; 采用玫瑰花环试验鉴定纯化产物与靶细胞的结合活性。DNA 序列测定结果表明: 人4-1BBL胞外区/抗CD20 Fab’融合蛋白已构建成功。表达可溶性产物的产量达200 mg/L以上, 纯度较高, 具有与激活的Jurkat (4-1BBL+) 和Raji细胞(CD20+)结合的活性。这将为非何杰金氏淋巴瘤免疫治疗、靶向治疗提供新的思路。     

基于4-1BBL和CD3双信号的融合蛋白协同抗肿瘤作用研究

旨在研究4-1BBL/CD20融合蛋白增强抗CD3/抗CD20 diabody介导的特异性靶向杀伤活性。采用亲和层析法纯化本室构建的抗-CD3/抗-CD20 diabody和4-1BBL/CD20融合蛋白可溶性表达产物;采用calcein释放试验测定其介导的体外靶向杀伤活性;采用人B淋巴瘤细胞系Raji裸鼠移植瘤模型测定其介导的体内靶向杀伤活性。纯化4-1BBL/CD20融合蛋白在体外能增强抗-CD3/抗-CD20 diabody介导激活的T细胞杀伤Raji细胞;在人B淋巴瘤细胞系Raji裸鼠移植瘤模型联合人T淋巴细胞4-1BBL/CD20融合蛋白增强抗-CD3/抗-CD20 diabody高效抑制Raji细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长,明显延长荷瘤裸鼠的生存时间。在体外和体内4-1BBL/CD20融合蛋白均能增强抗-CD3/抗-CD20 diabody介导激活的T细胞杀伤表达CD20抗原的肿增细胞,是一个有望用于B细胞恶性肿瘤临床治疗的特异性融合蛋白。     

抗CD3/抗Pgp微型双功能抗体的构建和表达

构建和表达抗CD3/抗Pgp微型双功能抗体,并测定该微型双功能抗体的生物学活性。 采用PCR和overlap PCR方法构建抗CD3/抗Pgp微型双功能抗体,并用双脱氧终止法测定DNA序列;采用亲和层析法纯化该产物,并用Western blot和分子排阻层析鉴定纯化产物;采用免疫荧光法、放射免疫分析法鉴定纯化产物与靶细胞的结合活性。DNA序列测定结果表明：抗CD3/抗Pgp微型双功能抗体已构建成功,表达可溶性产物的产量达2mg/L以上,纯化产物中二聚体的比例达90%,具有与Jurkat（CD3⁺）和K562/A02细胞（Pgp⁺）结合的活性,与抗CD3 ScFv及抗Pgp ScFv的亲合常数相当。成功地构建了抗CD3/抗Pgp微型双功能抗体,并获得高效表达,表达产物具有与相应二个靶抗原结合的活性。     

抗CD20嵌合抗体片段F(ab′)2突变体在大肠杆菌中的高效分泌表达

构建抗CD20嵌合抗体片段F(ab′)₂ 突变体 ,研究其在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及其表达产物的生物学活性。采用PCR法构建抗CD20嵌合抗体片段F(ab′)₂ 突变体 ,并用双脱氧终止法测定DNA序列 ;采用 19L发酵罐高密度发酵抗CD20嵌合抗体片段F(ab′)₂ 突变体 ,采用亲和色谱和分子筛色谱法纯化表达产物 ,并用SDS-PAGE和薄层激光扫描鉴定纯化产物 ;采用活细胞间接免疫荧光法测定纯化产物与靶细胞的结合活性 ;MTT法测定纯化产物对Raji细胞的生长抑制作用 ,并研究其作用机理。DNA序列测定结果表明 ,抗CD20嵌合抗体片段F(ab′)₂ 突变体已成功构建 ,表达可溶性产物的产量达 360mg L ,具有与Raji细胞 (CD20⁺)结合的活性 ,并抑制Raji细胞的生长 ,其作用机理为诱导Raji细胞凋亡。此突变体有望成为治疗非何杰金氏B细胞淋巴瘤的药物。     

抗 CD20融合蛋白在 CHO 细胞中的表达及其纯化与鉴定

目的：构建CD20胞外区与Igβ胞外区和人IgG1 Fc融合基因的表达载体,并在CHO细胞中表达。方法与结果：根据已知的IgM的CH2区域和Igp胞外区序列,分别设计PCR引物并进行PCR扩增,然后用重叠PCR法扩增得到900bp的Igp-CH2序列,插入本实验室构建的pIRIS-EGFP-Fc载体,转化大肠杆菌,得到pIRIS-Igβ-CH2-Fc重组质粒,将其转染CHO-K1细胞,在G418抗性培养基中培养,荧光显微镜观察结合ELISA法筛选高表达细胞系,细胞系扩大培养后,通过亲和层析rProteinA柱纯化得到纯度融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE显示目的蛋白去糖基化后,相对分子质量约为42×10^3。结论：得到了Igβ-CH2-Fc重链抗体样分子,并鉴定为糖蛋白;须进一步对所得蛋白的生物学活性进行检测,验证其是否能够通过胞外区蛋白定位于B细胞淋巴瘤细胞表面对B淋巴瘤细胞进行杀伤。     

抗人CD3单链抗体四聚体基因的构建及表达

为构建和表达抗人CD3单链抗体 (scFv) 人p5 3四聚功能域融合基因 ,选用人IgG3上游铰链区作为抗人CD3scFv和人p5 3四聚功能域之间连接的linker .利用递归PCR法扩增人IgG3上游铰链区与人p5 3四聚功能域融合基因 ,克隆入pUC18载体中构建pUC18 IgG3 p5 3克隆载体 .将抗人CD3scFv克隆入pUC18 IgG3 p5 3载体中 ,构建抗人CD3scFv 人p5 3四聚功能域融合基因 .经酶切鉴定及序列测定证实后 ,将融合基因克隆入真核表达载体pSecTag2 B中 ,转染HeLa细胞进行表达 ,表达产物纯化后利用流式细胞仪进行亲和活性测定 .获得了抗人CD3scFv 人p5 3四聚功能域融合基因 ,基因全长 882bp ,可编码 2 94个氨基酸 ,与已发表的抗人CD3scFv、人IgG3上游铰链区和人p5 3四聚功能域基因cDNA序列一致 .表达产物经SDS PAGE和Western印迹实验证实为约 35kD的特异蛋白条带 ,纯化后经流式细胞仪检测可以特异性地结合人外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)细胞 ,亲和力高于scFv ,为进一步临床应用奠定基础     

突变型人IL-18的肿瘤靶向性改造及真核表达

为了构建肿瘤靶向性的人突变型IL-18新基因并进行真核表达,以重组PCR技术构建EGF-IL-18融合基因,利用 Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统和Sf 9昆虫细胞株（来自秋天草地夜蛾）表达融合基因,纯化表达产物,并以IFN-γ诱导实验和EGFR竞争结合实验初步评价融合蛋白的生物活性。测序证明构建的融合基因为原设计EGF-IL-18融合基因。SDS-PAGE和Western blot证明EGF-IL-18融合基因在昆虫细胞中获得表达,表达的融合蛋白的Mr约为20 000,与理论值相符,纯化后融合蛋白具有特异的IL-18单抗结合活性。IFN-γ诱导实验和EGFR竞争结合实验显示,该融合蛋白具有肿瘤导向性和抗肿瘤活性。表明对突变型IL-18成功地进行了肿瘤导向性改造并使其在真核细胞获得表达。     

绵羊精子赤道膜蛋白片段1(SPESP1)的克隆、原核表达及纯化

旨在克隆绵羊Spesp1 c DNA并表达,得到纯化的GST-SPESP1融合蛋白。以绵羊睾丸组织总c DNA为模板,根据Gen Bank公布的绵羊基因组序列设计引物,PCR扩增得到Spesp1 c DNA,构建原核表达重组载体p GEX-Spesp1,将其转化到E.coliBL21中表达,并优化其表达条件,利用SDS-PAGE切胶纯化法得到纯化的融合蛋白,用Western blot鉴定所得融合蛋白。结果表明,经测序,克隆得到的Spesp1 c DNA序列与Gen Bank中预测的c DNA序列对比有两个碱基不同,并造成一个氨基酸的差异。在E.coliBL21中成功表达重组融合蛋白,其最优表达条件为:37℃、4 h、0.005%IPTG终浓度,SDS-PAGE和Western blotting中,融合蛋白位于约64 k D处并可以被抗GST和抗羊SPESP1的抗体识别,与预计相符,表明融合蛋白成功表达。成功纯化得到GST-SPESP1融合蛋白,为研究SPESP1在精卵细胞膜融合中的功能奠定了基础。     

靶向性DNA甲基化酶在毕赤酵母中的表达和鉴定

目的：在毕赤酵母中表达融合Myc—His标签的靶向性甲基化酶B1—3a并进行鉴定。方法：以含有B1—3a基因的pcDNA4．0-myc／his质粒为模板,通过PCR扩增获得融合有myc／his标签序列的目的区段B1—3a基因,然后克隆入表达载体pPIC3-5k;电穿孔转化毕赤酵母菌株GS115,经G418筛选后进行甲醇诱导表达,并以SDS—PAGE和Western印迹对表达产物进行鉴定。结果：表达产物中可见与目的蛋白相对分子质量（50000）相符的条带,该条带可被Myc标签单克隆抗体特异识别。结论：正确构建了靶向性甲基化酶Bl-3a的酵母表达载体,靶向性甲基化酶能够在毕赤酵母中成功表达。     

On the origin of the Hirudinea and the demise of the Oligochaeta

The phylogenetic relationships of the Clitellata were investigated with a data set of published and new complete 18S rRNA gene sequences of 51 species representing 41 families. Sequences were aligned on the basis of a secondary structure model and analysed with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. In contrast to the latter method, parsimony did not recover the monophyly of Clitellata. However, a close scrutiny of the data suggested a spurious attraction between some polychaetes and clitellates. As a rule, molecular trees are closely aligned with morphology-based phylogenies. Acanthobdellida and Euhirudinea were reconciled in their traditional Hirudinea clade and were included in the Oligochaeta with the Branchiobdellida via the Lumbriculidae as a possible link between the two assemblages. While the 18S gene yielded a meaningful historical signal for determining relationships within clitellates, the exact position of Hirudinea and Branchiobdellida within oligochaetes remained unresolved. The lack of phylogenetic signal is interpreted as evidence for a rapid radiation of these taxa. The placement of Clitellata within the Polychaeta remained unresolved. The biological reality of polytomies within annelids is suggested and supports the hypothesis of an extremely ancient radiation of polychaetes and emergence of clitellates.     

On the ontogeny of the haptor and the evolution of the Monogenea

Data on the ontogeny of the posterior haptor of monogeneans were obtained from more than 150 publications and summarised. These data were plotted into diagrams showing evolutionary capacity levels based on the theory of a progressive evolution of marginal hooks, anchors and other attachment components of the posterior haptor in the Monogenea (Malmberg, 1986). 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks are assumed to be the most primitive monogenean haptoral condition. Thus the diagrams were founded on a 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hook evolutionary capacity level, and the evolutionary capacity levels of anchors and other haptoral attachement components were arranged according to haptoral ontogenetical sequences. In the final plotting diagram data on hosts, type of spermatozoa, oncomiracidial ciliation, sensilla pattern and protonephridial systems were also included. In this way a number of correlations were revealed. Thus, for example, the number of 5 + 5 marginal hooks correlates with the most primitive monogenean type of spermatozoon and with few sensillae, many ciliated cells and a simple protonephridial system in the oncomiracidium. On the basis of the reviewed data it is concluded that the ancient monogeneans with 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks were divided into two main lines, one retaining unhinged marginal hooks and the other evolving hinged marginal hooks. Both main lines have recent representatives at different marginal hook evolutionary capacity levels, i.e. monogeneans retaining a haptor with only marginal hooks. For the main line with hinged marginal hooks the name Articulon-choinea n. subclass is proposed. Members with 8 + 8 hinged marginal hooks only are here called Proanchorea n. superord. Monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks only are here called Ananchorea n. superord. and three new families are erected for its recent members: Anonchohapteridae n. fam., Acolpentronidae n. fam. and Anacanthoridae n. fam. (with 7 + 7, 8 + 8 and 9 + 9 unhinged marginal hooks, respectively). Except for the families of Articulonchoinea (e.g. Acanthocotylidae, Gyrodactylidae, Tetraonchoididae) Bychowsky's (1957) division of the Monogenea into the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea fits the proposed scheme, i.e. monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks form one old group, the Oligonchoinea, which have 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks, and the other group form the Polyonchoinea, which (with the exception of the Hexabothriidae) has a greater number (7 + 7, 8 + 8 or 9 + 9) of unhinged marginal hooks. It is proposed that both these names, Oligonchoinea (sensu mihi) and Polyonchoinea (sensu mihi), will be retained on one side and Articulonchoinea placed on the other side, which reflects the early monogenean evolution. Except for the members of Ananchorea [Polyonchoinea], all members of the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea have anchors, which imply that they are further evolved, i.e. have passed the 5 + 5 marginal hook evolutionary capacity level (Malmberg, 1986). There are two main types of anchors in the Monogenea: haptoral anchors, with anlages appearing in the haptor, and peduncular anchors, with anlages in the peduncle. There are two types of haptoral anchors: peripheral haptoral anchors, ontogenetically the oldest, and central haptoral anchors. Peduncular anchors, in turn, are ontogenetically younger than peripheral haptoral anchors. There may be two pairs of peduncular anchors: medial peduncular anchors, ontogentically the oldest, and lateral peduncular anchors. Only peduncular (not haptoral) anchors have anchor bars. Monogeneans with haptoral anchors are here called Mediohaptanchorea n. superord. and Laterohaptanchorea n. superord. or haptanchoreans. All oligonchoineans and the oldest polyonchoineans are haptanchoreans. Certain members of Calceostomatidae [Polyonchoinea] are the only monogeneans with both (peripheral) haptoral and peduncular anchors (one pair). These monogeneans are here called Mixanchorea n. superord. Polyonchoineans with peduncular anchors and unhinged marginal hooks are here called the Pedunculanchorea n. superord. The most primitive pedunculanchoreans have only one pair of peduncular anchors with an anchor bar, while the most advanced have both medial and lateral peduncular anchors; each pair having an anchor bar. Certain families of the Articulonchoinea, the Anchorea n. superord., also have peduncular anchors (parallel evolution): only one family, the Sundanonchidae n. fam., has both medial and lateral peduncular anchors, each anchor pair with an anchor bar. Evolutionary lines from different monogenean evolutionary capacity levels are discussed and a new system of classification for the Monogenea is proposed.In agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. EditorIn agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. Editor